Minerals

Countries

How does
minerals are
extracted

Alumium

India

Aluminum is
mainly produced
from bauxite.
Over 90% of the
worlds bauxite
resources are
concentrated on
the tropical and
sub-tropical belt
in Australia,
Guinea, Jamaica,
Surinam, Brazil,
and India.

The uses of
aluminum are
varied and
diverse. Today
it is used in
commerce,
transportation
and other
industries.

Chromiu
m

India

chromium is
commercially
extracted from
the single
commercially
viable ore
chromite, which is
iron chromium
oxide

Coal

India,
Pakistan,
Bangladesh
,

Coal mining is
used when the
coal seam is
relatively close to
the surface

Chromium is
interna
used to
lly
harden steel,
to
manufacture
stainless steel
(named as it
__________
won't rust)
and to
produce
several alloys.
Chromium
plating can be
used to give a
polished
mirror finish
to steel.
The most
external Infrastr
significant uses
ly
ucture
of coal are in
renewa
electricity
l
generation, steel
production,
cement
manufacturing
and as a liquid
fuel.

Its
uses

Used
extern
ally or
interna
lly
Either
extern
ally or
interna
l

Economic
significance

Environ
mental
signific
ance

Aluminum
industry
produces in
more than $65
billion and year
in direct
economic
impact, saves
more than 90
percent of the
energy costs.

Greenh
ouse
gas
emissio
ns
release
d
during
smeltin
g and
process
ing
Incredi
bly
energy
intensiv
e
strongly
attache
s to soil
particle
s

Its
becoming
an
important
energy
source;
most
troublesom
e problem
is it

produces
organic
sulfur.
Copper

India

Copper is refined
from mineral ores

Copper is mostly
used in electrical
generators and
motors, for
electrical wiring,
and in electronic
goods, such as
radio and TV sets.

Inter
nal
and
exter
nal

Gem
stones

Sri Lanka

The process of
extracting the
gemstones from
the ores varies
from place to
place and is
dependent on the
nature and
quality of the
gemstone. In
general those
from alluvial
deposits are
assorted by
washing with
sieves.

Ornaments and
jewelry

Inter
nally
and
exter
nally

Graphite

Sri Lanka

Graphite
extraction is
based on the
degree of
weathering of the
ore rock and the
proximity of the

Making pencils
lead in different
hardness, mixing
with the different
proportions of clay,
dry lubricant

Inter
nally
and
exter
nally

So while
warehouse
stock levels
of copper
are
currently
down, due
to
drastically
reduced
mine
production
as well as
substantially
lower prices
being
recently
fetched by
copper on
the market
The natural
economic
laws of
demand and
supply do
not have
any
influence in
determining
the cost of
some gems.
And in the
final
analysis, the
social value
of gems
determines
their
economic
value.

It
wastes
constitu
te the
largest
quantit
y of
metal
mining
and
process
ing.

Forests
and
Farmin
g fields

pollutio
n

Iron Ore

India

Mangane
se

India

Mica

India

Natural
Gas

Pakistan,
Bangladesh

ore to the
surface. Around
the world,
graphite is mined
using two
techniques: the
open pit method
(surface
quarrying) and
the underground
method.
Iron is extracted
from iron ore in a
huge container
called a blast
furnace.

________

pipes, fittings,
engine blocks,
making steel

inter
nally

Ground
pollutio
n

exter
nally

The trade in
iron ore
makes it the
secondlargest
commodity
market by
value after
crude oil
Not much
information

Pure manganese
is produced by
hydrometallurgica
l and electrolytic
processes.
extracted from
biotite

Railway tracks,
safes, rifle barrels
and prison bars.

electronic
insulator, paints,
dusting agents

inter
nally

Not much
information

Pollutio
n when
extracti
ng

Natural gas
extracted from oil
wells is called
casing head gas or
associated gas.

Often used for

heating, cooking,
and electricity
generation. It is
also used as fuel
for vehicles and as
a chemical
feedstock in the
manufacture of
plastics and other
commercially
important organic
chemicals.

inter
nally

industry
supported a
total value
added to
the national
economy of
more than
$1 trillion or
7.7 percent
of the
country by
providing
jobs.

Air
pollutio
n

Lost
lands
and
fields

Petroleu
m

Pakistan,
Bangladesh
, India

The extraction of floor wax, motor

petroleum is the
oil, ink, toothpaste,
process by which candles
usable petroleum
is extracted and
removed from the
earth.

Inter
nally

Titanium

India, Sri
Lanka

Titanium can't be
extracted by
reducing the ore
using carbon as a
cheap reducing
agent
If the uranium is
too far below the
surface for open
pit mining, an
underground
mine might be
used with tunnels
and shafts dug to
access and
remove uranium
ore.

Exter
nally

Uranium

India, Sri
Lanka

engines, airframes,
missile applications

Given the
paramount
importance
of
petroleum
for the
Indian
economy
and its
increasing
import
dependence
on this
front,
domestic
pricing of
crude oil
and
petroleum
products
assumes
enormous
significance
for the
country.

----------------

Nuclear defense
systems and for
nuclear generation
of electricity.

Inter
nally

First
resource in
making
nuclear

Pollutio
n

Forest
lands
and
farming
fields
Ground
surface
will be
infecte
d