ules for Sips . January 1997 PU Ch.1 Seo.12— Pege 83 SECTION 12 ‘WELDING AND WELD CONNECTIONS Contents General 100 latrodostion 200 Defnitone 300 Welding particulars 200 Radiogmpic examination ‘Types of Welded Joints 100 Buc joie 200 Lap joins and slot welds 500 Tee or ere oats epee - Ste of Weld Cosnerions 100 " Continous filet wels, genera 200 Filet welds and penton welds sujet to high tensile 300 End conection of gies, ir and cot ie 400 End conection of siffenert 500 Inerniten welds 0 Slot welds Poona Bon one: ‘A. General ‘A 100 Introduction 101, In this section requirements related to welding and vanious connection details are given ‘A200. Definitions 201 Symbols: ‘= corrosion addition in mm as specified in See.2 D400. ‘A300 Welding particulars 301 Welding of important hull parts isto be carried out iy approved welder enlye Q302 Welding at ambient air wemperatre of —5°C oF be- ow, only take place ater special agreement $313. The welling sequence iso be such thatthe parts may 2s far as posible contact rey in onder to svod racks sicadydepoied rns of weld, Whee a bt meets san, Was ecldisg of te seam shoud be nteroed well Cea of ‘he junction snd ot be conned tat ie ut i ompeted. ‘Welding of but should consnue past the open seam and tio Weld be chipped out forthe scam tbe welded sight Brows, $306 Welding procedures and welding consumables ap- roved for the typeof connection and parent sae in {oeston, are tote used. Soe sRegier of Type Approved Product No.2, Welding Consmablese. ‘A 400 Radiographic examination 401 The welds are normally to comply with the requir ‘eat to mark 3 (green) ofthe W's Collection of Reference Radiographs of Welds 402 The welds are to be examined by X-ray or by other 'pproved method in postions indicated by the surveyor. At least all weld crossings in the bottom and deck plating ‘within 0,4 L amidships are to be examined. B. Types of Welded Joints B 100 Butt joints 101 For panels with plates of equal thickness, the joints are normally to be butt welded with edges prepared as indi- cated in Fig. 1 C [fe ¢ 8mm wax som, | [Jt > mm a et ee sea MAX. Sm MAX. Sm ig. , Minualy welded butt jit edger 102. For butt welded joints of plates with thickness differ- ‘ence exceeding 4 mm, the thicker plate is normally to be tapered. The taper is generally not to exceed 1:3. Afr tapering, the end preparation may be as indicated in 101 for plates of equal thickness, 103 All ypes of butt joints are normally tobe welded from both sides, Before welding is caried out from the second side, unsound weld metal isto be removed atthe root by & ‘utable method. 104 Butt welding from one side only will be permited af- ter special consideration where a backing run is not prac cable or in certain structures when the stress level slow. B 200 Lap joints and slot welds 201 Various types of overipped joints ae indicated in Fg st» (ap joint) i frequently wid in end connection of ‘ecrs Uaie he setcs ne ode such veep wl nomaly not be ascopd for comecton of plas 0 cls Type abe (at wel) maybe aed for conection of Fistng t tral webs, whore scesr for welding not acta For sie of lt welds, se C600, ‘Det Noaske Venirasules for Shing, January 1997 Page od ~"'Pr'a'Gh Sec-12 =< ee A: LAP JOINT 8: SLOT WELD Fig. {ap flats and slot welds B 300 Tee or cross joints 301. The connection of girder and stiffener webs to plate panel as well as plating abuting oa another plate panel Dormally ip be made by filet welds as indicated in Fig.3 Fie. 3 “Tee or eros joints ‘Where the connection is highly stressed or otherwise con- sidered critical, the edge of the abutting plate may have to be beveled t» give doep or fll penetration welding, se also C203, Where the connection is moderately stressed, inter- mitent welds may be used. With reference to Fig.4, the ‘various types of intermitent welds ae as fellows: — chain weld staggered weld — seallop weld (closed) For size of wes, see C500, 302 Double continuous welds are required in the following ‘connections ierpective of the stress level: — weathertight, watertight and oilght connections Connections in foundations and supporting structures for machinery all connections in afer peak Comestions in rudders, except where access difficulties necessitate slot welds — Connections at supports and ends of stiffeners, pillars, ross tes and girders — centre line girder to keel plate. at oun wag — stacceRto wE™ ke conor ‘WELD Wa ALORS Losetn oe Noten 9:25 aur NOT GREATER THAN 95 mn THE WELD TO Be CARRIED ROUND THE LEG ve. 4 Teme weds ( M3. Where intermitent welds are accepted, scallop welds are to be aned in tanks for water blast cargy oi tr feth tte. Chan and stagger welds may be wed in Gy spaces Td tanks aranged for fel ol only. C. Size of Weld Connections © 100 Continuous filet welds, general 101 Unless otherwise sated, itis assumed tat he weld Conrumabias ed wl pve weld epost ih yell Sega teas follows: 355 Nim? for welding of norma strength ssl 375 Nim? for weldi of the high strength sels Mia NV at wd NV 390. Ninm® for welding of high strength sel Ben fof high streg If welding consumables with depois of lower yield strength than specie above are used, the or-valu i to be sated fon the drovingsnibmied for approval The yeh segs Sf the weld dapos is no cast fo be lens ta rogue in « pans, For welding ofthe high reap steels NV-32, NV-36 and NV-40, welding consumables with deposits of higher yield strength than specifi above may be vsed. The weld di- ‘mensions for these scels are, however, im n0 case 10 be ee cece Rater 13 es Be yd gt ofthe material toe welded 102 When deep penetrating welding processes are appliod, the required throat thicknesses may be reduced by. 15% provided sufficient weld penetration is demonstrated. 103 The throat thickness of double continuous fillet welds isnot to be less than: Cig SEO 54 tom) C= weld fictor given ia Table C1 GL etiae of ating plate, comosion a ‘dsm atin For act pte ckoetes () above 22mm, ty may Cesubscnted y 05 cS fn = tla cor f 8 dfn Se.2B100 for plates to be joined fy = material factor for weld deposit ‘er Noasice VERrrAs‘ofe = yield strength in N/mm? of weld deposit ‘When welding consumables with deposits as assumed in 101 te ids fy aye taken a follows dependent om pret f = 136 forNVNS 42 for NV-27, NV-32 and NV-36. Table Cl_Waid factor © tom Atenas on Tal backing iene Silene, frames, beams or longiadias shell, deck, of, or wt gisden or buhead sung, excep inner peak Web pss of non-wateragh We argh giles eae ‘Girder webs and Tors a doable boom ‘Sifleser and prder in after pal Water ecuze ine girder to boRom tad ‘ner boom ping Boundary congetio of balls and guid Sp mie * longi beads = teaver blthenss 026 048 os Hatch coumings at comers and tasverse Itch cad bracket o deck Top hoz Profle coming Strength deck pting to shel Scuppers and dacharges odes let wells subject to compres Hauer cay ‘Al hee Wels pela sbove Orin 300 400 0.25 08 104. The throat thickness of filet welds isin no case to be ‘ake less than given in the following table: Plate scar (eb cba fy ‘ PEzy Fews6s eSa ‘aia, mamas 3S Corin aon 0S 5 aed whe lean we Se TD. 2) 018 mine 30 wen stn deep ponetaton weg Sept “Mini roa ices ‘omy 20 23 C 200 Fillet welds and penetration welds subject to high tensile stresses, 201 In structural parts where high tensile stresses act through an intermediate plate (soe Fig.3) increased fillet ‘welds or penetration welds are to be ised. Examples of Sich eroctires are: transverse bulkhead connection to the double bottom = Vertical corrugated bulkhead connection 10 the top of Stoollank or divectly (othe inner botiom — Sooltnks to inner bottom aad hopper tank ~ Stroctral elements in double botoms below bulkhead nd sbolaaks = transverse girders in centre tanks to longitudinal bulk- had. 202 The throat thickness of double continuous wel isnot to be less thane L=C4+05% (am) fy = as given in 103, ‘Typical design values for C, are given below: G Plate | | Filme | or fe Fat atria Pi | | pee WS ia} om | oar 20 Nvaz_|20s| ose | 035 oD Nvas_[z2| oe | _ 037 os 203. Full penetration welds are in any case to be used in {he following connections — rudder hos and shaft brackets to shell structure — fodder side plating to rudder stock connection areas — end brackets of hatch side coamings to deck and coaming — edge reinforcements or pipe penetrations 1 strength deck (Gacloding sheer suake) and botom plating within 0,6 L Amidships, when transverse dimension of opening’ ex ceeds 300'mm, se Fig. 4 UL PENETRATION b> 500mm ~ lb Hie, Deck and bottom pentratons C 300 End comections of girders, pillars and ers tes BOL The weld conection area of tackat to aoining rs or oer stucal pars it be tase on te alte ed normal and shear sees. Double coninous welding ino be taed, Where large tele teaser te expected, Melding according 200 fw be apps M2 The end conneetons of sinple gies are ts a cacaas Bratton mols gen fore Bader ‘Where high shear stresses in web plates, double continuous ‘boundary filet welds are to have throat thickness not less aa: tet. wor, +0,5 (eam) ‘= calculated shear stress in Nien cf thickness of abuting pate, corosion addition not ‘cluded & Der Nonske Ventas endules for Ships, January 1997 Page 98 P3’Gn Sec.12 fy = as given in 103. 303 End connection of pillars and cross ties are to have a ‘Weld area not less than: oe eC) A. = load area in for pillar or cross tie > = Gesign pressure in EN/n* as piven forthe structure ‘equston cron tion conesponding tt = as given in = 0,68 when pillar in compression on! C olté When pillar ease % & r © 400. End connections of stiffeners 401. Siitfeners may be connected to the web plate of gird- rin the following ways: = welded directly tothe web plate on one or both sides of, te frame — connected by single- or double-sided Ings Sn stiffener of bracket welded on top of frame s'combination ofthe above. In locations with great shear stresses in the web plate, a double-sided connection of a stiffening of the unconnect ‘web plate plge is normally required. A double-sided con- ‘ection may be taken into account when calculating the ef- fective web area, 402 The connection area at supports of stfeners is nor- mally not to be less than: apm ek(I-059)sp om) ¢ = factor as given in Table C2 k snp 11 = 0178s when pressure eng o site sie = 011 when pressure acing on opposite i 2 = 10lfgm for stiffeners with mainly loading from one side tio fest than 0,3 or greater than 3,3) = 10 for stifeners with loading from two sides = roaterl factor f as defied ts See.2 BIOO for pate pan of stiffener in = spacing between siffeners in m = desig pressure in KN/m, Corrosion addition as specified in Sec.2 D400 is not ‘lnded in the formulae forty, and is to be added where rl- evant ‘Weld area it not to be less than: 1,15 45 Vom fy fom ! a= +a (em?) ax = corrosion addon coresponding 1 fe = as given in 103. ponding 1 Table G2 Vals of Tipe of ‘Sif tracer on ap of sifener connection | yon ye | Dowie eee) a ied 7 To 1.00 ® 090 030 © 030 O80 493 Various standard types of connections are shown in Figs. ‘Ober types of connection willbe considered in each case. errBSn es z WSUS et sneemes cn Bees lal p a fer pt | Fi. 6 ad eonnetions Guidance note: In tallast a eargo aks the connstion type bor should be ‘od for longttnals on ship ses, ules double sided rack. (Gea arngad, ae aso See 7 E800. —end-of-Guidence note 404 Connection lug are to have a thickness not les than ‘78% of the web pte thickness 405 Lover ens of ek frames art be conected te ARs sll ne at ta s=0.0sisp+a (a?) sess pand ag =o given in 406," For stor which may e ssp at he cds hinge epee pen nas Can he See et etece tuid by pag {7 Drckcted col comuctons as meatonad below, re ave se ts an Z en (oo?) Z_ = net section modulus of stiffener in cm?, corrosion frapes and brackets (minimum weld area = 15 for brackets fied at lower end of ‘twoen deck frames, and for brackets on siffeners = TO for brackets ‘on "tween deck frames carried through the deck and overlapping the underlying bracket ‘4 = corrosion addition corresponding tt. 408 Brackets between transverse deck beams and frames ‘or bulkhead sifeners are to have a weld area not less than: Der Norske VERITASules tor Ships, January 1987 "3 Ch.1 See-12— Page 97 sno4tVTG +4 (a) fy = net thickness in mm of bracket Z_ = a8 defined in 407 ak = 8 defined in 407. 409. The weld area of brackets to longitudinals is not to be less than the sectional area of the longitudinal. Brackets are to be connected to bulkhead by a double continuous weld C 500 Intermittent welds 501 The throat thickness of intermittent filet welds is not to be less than: Cin oa he Cy to, fpm and fy are as given in 103. Covalues given for 669 of Span may be applied. distance, in mm, between successive welds, see Fig 1 = length in mm, of weld filet, nt to be lst than 75 $4054 (am) $02 In addition to the minimum requirements in 501, the following apply: — for chain intermittant welds and scallop welds the throat thickness is not to exceed 0,6 ty — for staggered intermittent welds the throat thickness is not to exceed 0,75 ty. C 600. Sot welds 601 Slots are to have 2 minimum length of 75 mm and, normaly, 2 width of twice the plate thickness. The ends are to be wel rounded, see Fig.2. The distance d between slots is not to exceed 31, maximum 250 mm. 602 Fillets welds in slots are to have a throat thickness as ‘given by the formula in 501 with: tp = net thicknes of adjoining web plat 3 etween slot, abe Fig 603 Slots throu ject to large inplane tensile acs tron ae dats Bay te equal tf compstly fled by weld, More nacrow slots with inclined sides (au imum 15" to the vertical) and a minimum opening of 6 mm ‘bottom should then be used. A continuous slot weld may, however, in such cases be more practical.