Mathcad - 17-Slab Design

17.
Slab Design
A. Design of One-Way Slabs
La
= length of short side
Lb
= length of long side
La
Lb
La
Lb
0.5
: the slab in one-way
0.5
: the slab is two-way
Thickness of one-way slab
Simply supported
Ln
20
One end continuous
Ln
24
Both ends continuous
Ln
28
Cantilever
Ln
10
Analysis of one-way slab

Design scheme: continuous beam
Determination of bending moments: using ACI moment coefficients
Design of one-way slab

Design section: rectangular section of 1m x h
Type section: singly reinforced beam
Page 115
Example 17.1
Span of slab
Ln 2m 20cm 1.8 m
Live load
LL 12
kN
2
f'c 20MPa
Materials
fy 390MPa
Solution
Thickness of one-way slab
tmin
Ln
28
64.286 mm
t 100mm
Use
Loads on slab
kN
Cover 50mm 22
1.1
m
Slab t 25
kN
2.5
kN
2
m
kN
2
m
kN
Ceiling 0.40
Mechanical 0.20
kN
2
m
kN
Partition 1.00
DL Cover Slab Ceiling Mechanical Partition 5.2
kN
2
m
kN
wu 1.2 DL 1.6 LL 25.44
2
m
Bending moments
M support
M midspan
1
11
wu Ln 7.493
1
16
kN m
wu Ln 5.152
1m
kN m
1m
Steel reinforcements
Page 116
1 0.65 max 0.85 0.05
f'c 27.6MPa
min 0.85 0.85
6.9MPa
u 0.003
f'c
u
max 0.85 1
0.014
fy u 0.005
f'
0.249MPa c
MPa 1.379MPa
min max
0.00354
fy
fy
shrinkage
( return 0.0020) if fy 50ksi

return max 0.0018 60ksi 0.0014 otherwise
fy
shrinkage 0.0018
Top rebars
d t 20mm
b 1m
10mm
75 mm
M u M support b 7.493 kN m
M n
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
1.48 MPa
0.85
8.326 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
0.004
0.85 f'c
As max b d shrinkage b t 2.982 cm

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
2
As
As0
b
s min Floor 10mm smax 260 mm
Bottom rebars
M u M midspan b 5.152 kN m
M n
Mu
0.9
5.724 kN m
Page 117
smax min( 3 t 450mm)
Mn
b d
1.018 MPa
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.003

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
2
As
As0
b
Link rebars
As shrinkage b t 1.8 cm
As0
( 10mm)
As
As0
b
B. Design of Two-Way Slabs

Design methods:
- Load distribution method
- Moment coefficient method
- Direct design method (DDM)
- Equivalent frame method
- Strip method
- Yield line method
Page 118
(1) Load Distribution Method

Principle: Equality of deflection in short and long directions
fa = fb
a
wa La
= b
EI
wb Lb
EI
Case a = b
wa
wb
Lb
La
La
Lb
wa wb = wu
From which,
wa = wu
wb = wu
For
1
1
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
1
1
For
1
1
For
1
1
For
1
1
For
1
1
0.5
1
0.709
0.291
0.115
1
0.975
1
0.941
0.5
1
0.885
0.059
Page 119
0.025
Example 17.2
La 4.3m
Slab dimension
Lb 5.5m
kN
LL 2.00
Live load
m
f'c 20MPa
Materials
fy 390MPa
Solution
Thickness of two-way slab
Perimeter La Lb 2
tmin
t
Perimeter
108.889 mm
180
1 1 L ( 143.333 86 ) mm
a
30 50
t 120mm
Use
Loads on slab
SDL 50mm 22
kN
3
kN
0.40
m
DL SDL t 25
kN
3
kN
kN
2
kN
wu 1.2 DL 1.6 LL 9.8
2
m
Load distribution

La
Lb
wa
wb
0.782
1
wu 7.134
wu 2.666
kN
2
kN
5.5
m
LL 2
1.00
kN
2
Page 120
2.5
kN
2
Bending moments
M a.neg
M a.pos
M b.neg
M b.pos
1
11
1
16
1
11
1
16
wa La 11.992
2
wa La 8.245
2
wb Lb 7.33
2
wb Lb 5.04
kN m
1m
kN m
1m
kN m
1m
kN m
1m
1 0.65 max 0.85 0.05
f'c 27.6MPa
6.9MPa
min 0.85 0.85
u 0.003
f'c
u
max 0.85 1
0.014
fy u 0.005
f'
0.249MPa c
MPa 1.379MPa
min max
0.00354
fy
fy
shrinkage

fy
shrinkage 0.0018
Top rebar in short direction

d t 20mm 10mm
b 1m
M u M a.neg b 11.992 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
13.325 kN m
1.844 MPa
Page 121
10mm
2
85 mm
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
0.005
0.85 f'c

( 10mm)
As0
max 1
2
As
As0
b
Bottom rebar in short direction

M u M a.pos b 8.245 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
1.268 MPa
0.85
9.161 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
0.003
0.85 f'c

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
2
As
As0
b
Top rebar in long direction

M u M b.neg b 7.33 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
1.127 MPa
0.85
8.145 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
0.003
0.85 f'c
Page 122
max 1
2
( 10mm)
As0
As
As0
b
Bottom rebar in long direction

M u M b.pos b 5.04 kN m
M n
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.775 MPa
0.85
5.599 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
0.002
0.85 f'c

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
As
As0
b
Shrinkage rebars
b 1m
As0
( 10mm)
4
As
As0
b
Page 123
(2) Moment Coefficient Method

Negative moments
M a.neg = Ca.neg wu La
M b.neg = Cb.neg wu Lb
Positive moments
2
M a.pos = Ca.pos.DL wD La Ca.pos.LL wL La

2
M b.pos = Cb.pos.DL wD Lb Cb.pos.LL wL Lb
Ca.neg Cb.neg Ca.pos.DL Ca.pos.LL Cb.pos.DL Cb.pos.LL
where
are tabulated moment coefficients

wD = 1.2 DL
wL = 1.6 LL
wu = 1.2 1.6 LL
Example 17.3
La 5.0m 25cm 4.75 m
Slab dimension
Lb 5.5m 20cm 5.3 m

LL 2.40
Live load for office
kN
2
m
f'c 20MPa
Materials
fy 390MPa
Boundary conditions in short and long directions
Simple
Continuous
0

1
Short
Continuous
Continuous
Long
Continuous
Continuous
Solution
Thickness of two-way slab
Perimeter La Lb 2
Page 124
tmin
t
Perimeter
180
111.667 mm
1 1 L ( 158.333 95 ) mm
30 50 a
Use
t 120mm
Loads on slab
kN
Cover 50mm 22
1.1
m
kN
Slab t 25
Ceiling 0.40
kN
2
kN
2
m
kN
2
m
Partition 1.00
kN
2
SDL Cover Ceiling Partition 2.5
kN
2
m
DL SDL Slab 5.5
kN
wD 1.2 DL
m
LL 2.4
kN
wL 1.6 LL
kN
wu 1.2 DL 1.6LL 10.44
2
m
Moment coefficients
Page 125
Table 12.3a
Coefficients for negative moments in short direction of slab
m
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5
1.00
0.000
0.045
0.000
0.050
0.075
0.95
0.000
0.050
0.000
0.055
0.079
0.90
0.000
0.055
0.000
0.060
0.080
0.85
0.000
0.060
0.000
0.066
0.082
0.80
0.000
0.065
0.000
0.071
0.083
0.75
0.000
0.069
0.000
0.076
0.085
0.70
0.000
0.074
0.000
0.081
0.086
0.65
0.000
0.077
0.000
0.085
0.087
0.60
0.000
0.081
0.000
0.089
0.088
0.55
0.000
0.084
0.000
0.092
0.089
0.50
0.000
0.086
0.000
0.094
0.090
Case 6
0.071
0.075
0.079
0.083
0.086
0.088
0.091
0.093
0.095
0.096
0.097
Case 7
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Case 8
0.033
0.038
0.043
0.049
0.055
0.061
0.068
0.074
0.080
0.085
0.089
Case 9
0.061
0.065
0.068
0.072
0.075
0.078
0.081
0.083
0.085
0.086
0.088
Table 12.3b
Coefficients for negative moments in long direction of slab
m
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5
1.00
0.000
0.045
0.076
0.050
0.000
0.95
0.000
0.041
0.072
0.045
0.000
0.90
0.000
0.037
0.070
0.040
0.000
0.85
0.000
0.031
0.065
0.034
0.000
0.80
0.000
0.027
0.061
0.029
0.000
0.75
0.000
0.022
0.056
0.024
0.000
0.70
0.000
0.017
0.050
0.019
0.000
0.65
0.000
0.014
0.043
0.015
0.000
0.60
0.000
0.010
0.035
0.011
0.000
0.55
0.000
0.007
0.028
0.008
0.000
0.50
0.000
0.006
0.022
0.006
0.000
Case 6
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Case 7
0.071
0.067
0.062
0.057
0.051
0.044
0.038
0.031
0.024
0.019
0.014
Case 8
0.061
0.056
0.052
0.046
0.041
0.036
0.029
0.024
0.018
0.014
0.010
Case 9
0.033
0.029
0.025
0.021
0.017
0.014
0.011
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.003
ORIGIN 1
Index
1 2
2 3
I Index
Short11 Short21 3
J Index
1 7 3
Table 6 4 8
5 9 2
Long11 Long21 3
Case Table
I J
V reverse ( V)
Case
Vaneg reverse Taneg
Case
VaposLL reverse TaposLL

Case
VaposDL reverse TaposDL
La
Lb
Case
Vbneg reverse Tbneg
Case
VbposLL reverse TbposLL

Case
VbposDL reverse TbposDL
0.896
vs1 pspline ( V Vaneg)
Ca.neg interp( vs1 V Vaneg ) 0.055

Page 126
vs2 pspline ( V Vbneg)
Cb.neg interp( vs2 V Vbneg ) 0.037
vs3 pspline ( V VaposDL )
Ca.pos.DL interp( vs3 V VaposDL ) 0.022
vs4 pspline ( V VbposDL )
Cb.pos.DL interp( vs4 V VbposDL ) 0.014
vs5 pspline ( V VaposLL)
Ca.pos.LL interp( vs5 V VaposLL ) 0.034
vs6 pspline ( V VbposLL)
Cb.pos.LL interp( vs6 V VbposLL ) 0.022
Bending moments
kN m
2
M a.neg Ca.neg wu La 13.043
1m
kN m
2
M b.neg Cb.neg wu Lb 10.729
1m
kN m
2
2
M a.pos Ca.pos.DL wD La Ca.pos.LL wL La 6.266
1m
kN m
2
2
M b.pos Cb.pos.DL wD Lb Cb.pos.LL wL Lb 4.911
1m
1 0.65 max 0.85 0.05
f'c 27.6MPa
6.9MPa
min 0.85 0.85
u 0.003
f'c
u
max 0.85 1
0.014
fy u 0.005
f'
0.249MPa c
MPa 1.379MPa
min max
0.00354
fy
fy
shrinkage

fy
shrinkage 0.0018
Top rebars in short direction

b 1m
d t 20mm 10mm
Page 127
10mm
2
85 mm
M u M a.neg b 13.043 kN m
M n
Mu
Mn
14.492 kN m
0.9
b d
2.006 MPa
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
0.005
0.85 f'c
( 10mm)
As0
max 1
2
As
As0
b
Bottom rebars in short direction

M u M a.pos b 6.266 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.964 MPa
0.85
6.963 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
0.003
0.85 f'c

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
2
As
As0
b
Top rebars in long direction

M u M b.neg b 10.729 kN m
M n
Mu
0.9
11.921 kN m
Page 128
Mn
b d
1.65 MPa
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.004
( 10mm)
As0
max 1
As
As0
b
Bottom rebars in long direction

M u M b.pos b 4.911 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.755 MPa
0.85
5.457 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.002

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
As
As0
b
Shrinkage rebars
b 1m
As0
( 10mm)
4
As
As0
b
Page 129
(3) Direct Design Method (DDM)

Total static moment
M0 =
wu L2 Ln
Longitudinal distribution of moments

M neg = Cneg M 0
M pos = Cpos M 0
Lateral distribution of moments

M neg.col = Cneg.col M neg
M neg.mid = Cneg.mid M neg
M pos.col = Cpos.col M pos
M pos.mid = Cpos.mid M pos
Page 130
Example 17.4
Slab dimension
La 4m
Live load for hospital
LL 3.00
Lb 6m
kN
2
Materials
f'c 25MPa
fy 390MPa
Page 131
Solution
Section of beam in long direction
L Lb 6 m
1
1
h
L ( 600 400 ) mm
10 15
h 500mm
b ( 0.3 0.6 ) h ( 150 300 ) mm
b b
h b
b 250mm
b

h
Section of beam in short direction

L La 4 m
1
1
h
L ( 400 266.667 ) mm
10 15
h 300mm
b ( 0.3 0.6 ) h ( 90 180 ) mm
b a
h a
b 200mm
b

h
Determination of slab thickness
Perimeter La Lb 2
t min
Perimeter
111.111 mm
180
t 120mm
Assume
In long direction
b w b b
h h b
h f t
h w h h f
b min b w 2 h w b w 8 h f 1.01 m
h
A1 b w h
x 1
2
A2 b b w h f
x c
I1
I2
x 2
x 1 A1 x 2 A2
A1 A2
b w h
12
hf
2
169.852 mm
A1 x 1 x c
b bw hf
12
A2 x 2 x c
Page 132
Ib I1 I2 4.617 10 cm
Is
La h f
12
3
wc
Ec 44MPa
kN
m3
8.016
kN
wc 24
Ec Ib
Ec Is
1.5
In short direction
b w b a
h h a
h f t
h w h h f
b min b w 2 h w b w 8 h f 0.56 m
h
A1 b w h
x 1
2
A2 b b w h f
x 2
x 1 A1 x 2 A2
x c
A1 A2
b w h
I1
112.326 mm
A1 x 1 x c
b bw hf 3
12
A2 x 2 x c
4
Ib I1 I2 7.053 10 cm
Is
Lb h f
12
Ec Ib
Ec Is
3
4
8.64 10 cm
0.816
Required thickness of slab

m

a 2 b 2
Lb
La
12
I2
hf
4.416
1.5
Ln Lb 20cm 5.8 m
Page 133
2
Iba Ib
f'c
MPa
2.587 10 MPa
fy

Ln 0.8
200ksi

h f max
5in if 0.2 m 2.0
36 5 m 0.2
Ln 0.8
200ksi
3.5in if 2.0 m 5.0

max
36 9
"DDM is not applied" otherwise

h f 126.876 mm
Loads on slab
DL 50mm 22
kN
3
t 25
m
LL 3
kN
3
0.40
kN
1.00
kN
2
5.5
kN
2
kN
2
kN
wu 1.2 DL 1.6 LL 11.4
2
m
In long direction
L1 Lb 6 m
Ln L1 b a 5.8 m
L2 La 4 m
1 b 8.016
Total static moment

M 0
wu L2 Ln
8
191.748 kN m

M neg 0.65 M 0 124.636 kN m
M pos 0.35 M 0 67.112 kN m

L2
k 1
0.667
L1
L2
k 2 1
5.344
L1
linterp2 ( VX VY M x y )
for j 1 rows( VY)
j
V linterp VX M x
j
linterp( VY V y )
Page 134
0 0.5 0.75 0.75 0.75
Cneg.col linterp2 1 1.0 0.90 0.75 0.45 k 2 k 1 0.85

10 2.0 0.90 0.75 0.45
Cneg.mid 1 Cneg.col 0.15
0 0.5 0.60 0.60 0.60
Cpos.col linterp2 1 1.0 0.90 0.75 0.45 k 2 k 1 0.85

10 2.0 0.90 0.75 0.45
Cpos.mid 1 Cpos.col 0.15

M neg.col Cneg.col M neg 105.941 kN m
M neg.mid Cneg.mid M neg 18.695 kN m
M pos.col Cpos.col M pos 57.045 kN m
M pos.mid Cpos.mid M pos 10.067 kN m
0 0
Ccol.beam linterp 1 0.85 k 2 0.85

10 0.85
Ccol.slab 1 Ccol.beam 0.15
M neg.col.beam Ccol.beam M neg.col 90.05 kN m
M neg.col.slab Ccol.slab M neg.col 15.891 kN m
M pos.col.beam Ccol.beam M pos.col 48.488 kN m
M pos.col.slab Ccol.slab M pos.col 8.557 kN m
b col
min L1 L2
4
2 2 m
b mid L2 b col 2 m
Top rebars in column strip

b b col
d t 20mm 10mm
M u M neg.col.slab 15.891 kN m
M n
Mu
0.9
17.657 kN m
Page 135
10mm
2
85 mm
Mn
b d
1.222 MPa
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.003
( 10mm)
As0
max 1
2
As
As0
b
Bottom rebars in column strip

M u M pos.col.slab 8.557 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.658 MPa
0.85
9.508 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.002

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
As
As0
b
Top rebars in middle strip

b b mid
M u M neg.mid 18.695 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.85
20.773 kN m
1.438 MPa
f'c
fy
1 2
0.004
0.85 f'c
Page 136
max 1
( 10mm)
As0
As
As0
b
Bottom rebars in middle strip

M u M pos.mid 10.067 kN m
M n
R
Mu
11.185 kN m
0.9
Mn
b d
0.774 MPa
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
0.002
0.85 f'c

As0
( 10mm)
As
As0
b
In short direction
L1 La 4 m
Ln L1 b b 3.75 m
L2 Lb 6 m
1 a 0.816
Total static moment

M 0
wu L2 Ln
8
120.234 kN m

M neg 0.65 M 0 78.152 kN m
M pos 0.35 M 0 42.082 kN m
Page 137
max 1
k 1
L2
L1
L2
k 2 1
1.224
L1
1.5
0 0.5 0.75 0.75 0.75
Cneg.col linterp2 1 1.0 0.90 0.75 0.45 k 2 k 1 0.6

10 2.0 0.90 0.75 0.45
Cneg.mid 1 Cneg.col 0.4
0 0.5 0.60 0.60 0.60
Cpos.col linterp2 1 1.0 0.90 0.75 0.45 k 2 k 1 0.6

10 2.0 0.90 0.75 0.45
Cpos.mid 1 Cpos.col 0.4

M neg.col Cneg.col M neg 46.891 kN m
M neg.mid Cneg.mid M neg 31.261 kN m
M pos.col Cpos.col M pos 25.249 kN m
M pos.mid Cpos.mid M pos 16.833 kN m
0 0
Ccol.beam linterp 1 0.85 k 2 0.85

10 0.85
Ccol.slab 1 Ccol.beam 0.15
M neg.col.beam Ccol.beam M neg.col 39.858 kN m
M neg.col.slab Ccol.slab M neg.col 7.034 kN m
M pos.col.beam Ccol.beam M pos.col 21.462 kN m
M pos.col.slab Ccol.slab M pos.col 3.787 kN m
b col
min L1 L2
4
2 2 m
b mid L2 b col 4 m
Top rebars in column strip

b b col
M u M neg.col.slab 7.034 kN m
M n
Mu
0.9
7.815 kN m
Page 138
Mn
b d
0.541 MPa
0.85
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.001
( 10mm)
As0
max 1
As
As0
b
Bottom rebars in column strip

M u M pos.col.slab 3.787 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.291 MPa
0.85
4.208 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
R
0.85 f'c
0.001

As0
( 10mm)
max 1
As
As0
b
Top rebars in middle strip

b b mid
M u M neg.mid 31.261 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.85
34.734 kN m
1.202 MPa
f'c
fy
1 2
0.003
0.85 f'c
Page 139
max 1
( 10mm)
As0
As
As0
b
Bottom rebars in middle strip

M u M pos.mid 16.833 kN m
M n
R
Mu
0.9
Mn
b d
0.647 MPa
0.85
18.703 kN m
f'c
fy
1 2
0.002
0.85 f'c

As0
( 10mm)
As
As0
b
Page 140
max 1
Page 141

Mathcad - 17-Slab Design

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Mathcad - 17-Slab Design

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17.

= length of short side

= length of long side

: the slab in one-way

: the slab is two-way

Thickness of one-way slab

One end continuous

Both ends continuous

Analysis of one-way slab

Design of one-way slab

DL Cover Slab Ceiling Mechanical Partition 5.2

1 0.65 max 0.85 0.05

min 0.85 0.85

( return 0.0020) if fy 50ksi

return max 0.0018 60ksi 0.0014 otherwise

As max b d shrinkage b t 2.982 cm

smax min( 3 t 450mm)

As max b d shrinkage b t 2.019 cm

smax min( 3 t 450mm)

B. Design of Two-Way Slabs

smax min( 5 t 450mm)

(1) Load Distribution Method

1 0.65 max 0.85 0.05

min 0.85 0.85

( return 0.0020) if fy 50ksi

return max 0.0018 60ksi 0.0014 otherwise

Top rebar in short direction

As max b d shrinkage b t 4.265 cm

smax min( 2 t 450mm)

Bottom rebar in short direction

As max b d shrinkage b t 2.875 cm

smax min( 2 t 450mm)

Top rebar in long direction

As max b d shrinkage b t 2.544 cm

smax min( 2 t 450mm)

Bottom rebar in long direction

As max b d shrinkage b t 2.16 cm

smax min( 2 t 450mm)

smax min( 5 t 450mm)

(2) Moment Coefficient Method

M a.pos = Ca.pos.DL wD La Ca.pos.LL wL La

M b.pos = Cb.pos.DL wD Lb Cb.pos.LL wL Lb

Ca.neg Cb.neg Ca.pos.DL Ca.pos.LL Cb.pos.DL Cb.pos.LL

are tabulated moment coefficients

Lb 5.5m 20cm 5.3 m

Live load for office

Boundary conditions in short and long directions

SDL Cover Ceiling Partition 2.5

VaposLL reverse TaposLL

VbposLL reverse TbposLL

vs1 pspline ( V Vaneg)

Ca.neg interp( vs1 V Vaneg ) 0.055

vs2 pspline ( V Vbneg)

Cb.neg interp( vs2 V Vbneg ) 0.037

vs3 pspline ( V VaposDL )

Ca.pos.DL interp( vs3 V VaposDL ) 0.022

vs4 pspline ( V VbposDL )

Cb.pos.DL interp( vs4 V VbposDL ) 0.014

vs5 pspline ( V VaposLL)

Ca.pos.LL interp( vs5 V VaposLL ) 0.034

vs6 pspline ( V VbposLL)

Cb.pos.LL interp( vs6 V VbposLL ) 0.022

1 0.65 max 0.85 0.05

min 0.85 0.85