Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
EXAMPLE 24 Solve 3x 2 4.
3x 2 4
3x 2 4
or
2
In the first case, 3x 2, which gives x 3 . In the second case, 3x 6, which gives
x 2. So the solution set is
x x 2
or x 23 , 2
[ , )
2
3
EXERCISES
A Click here for answers.
1. 6ab0.5ac
2. 2x 2 yxy 4
3. 2xx 5
4. 4 3xx
5. 24 3a
6. 8 4 x
39. t 3 1
40. 4t 2 9s 2
41. 4t 2 12t 9
42. x 3 27
43. x 3 2x 2 x
44. x 3 4x 2 5x 2
45. x 3 3x 2 x 3
46. x 3 2x 2 23x 60
47. x 3 5x 2 2x 24
48. x 3 3x 2 4x 12
7. 4x 2 x 2 5x 2 2x 1
10. xx 1x 2
12. 2 3x2
14. t 52 2t 38t 1
17.
2 8x
2
18.
u
21. u 1
u1
2
3
4
22. 2
2
a
ab
b
25.
2r
s
s
6t
1
1
c1
27.
1
1
c1
x
yz
26.
a
b
bc
ac
29. 2x 12x
51.
x2 1
x 2 9x 8
52.
x 3 5x 2 6x
x 2 x 12
53.
1
1
2
x3
x 9
54.
x
2
2
x2 x 2
x 5x 4
55. x 2 2x 5
56. x 2 16x 80
57. x 2 5x 10
58. x 2 3x 1
59. 4x 2 4x 2
60. 3x 2 24x 50
61. x 2 9x 10 0
62. x 2 2x 8 0
63. x 2 9x 1 0
64. x 2 2x 7 0
65. 3x 2 5x 1 0
66. 2x 2 7x 2 0
67. x 3 2x 1 0
68. x 3 3x 2 x 1 0
1
1x
2x 2 3x 2
x2 4
28. 1
24.
2
1
1
20.
x1
x1
xy
z
50.
9b 6
3b
1
2
19.
x5
x3
23.
x2 x 2
x 2 3x 2
16. 1 x x 2 2
49.
13. y 46 y5 y
15. 1 2xx 2 3x 1
69. 2x 2 3x 4
70. 2x 2 9x 4
71. 3x 2 x 6
72. x 2 3x 6
31. x 7x 6
32. x x 6
33. x 2x 8
34. 2x 2 7x 4
73. a b6
74. a b7
35. 9x 36
36. 8x 10x 3
37. 6x 5x 6
38. x 10x 25
75. x 2 14
76. 3 x 2 5
2
2
2
2
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
11. 2x 1
8. 53t 4 t 2 2 2tt 3
9. 4x 13x 7
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA 13
7782
77. s32 s2
78.
s32x 4
4
2
s
79.
80. sxy sx 3 y
81. s16a 4b 3
s96a6
5
3a
s
82.
expression.
85.
87.
88.
89. 312
4
a)
96. (s
99.
8
5
sx
4
x3
s
98.
t 12sst
s 23
100. sr
4
sr
4
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
110. sx 2 4 x 2
16 a
a
1
16
16
2
1
2
114.
4x
2
x
118.
119. s5 5
120.
123. x 1
125. x 1
121. x 2
if x 2
124.
2
2 3
x 2 if x 2
2x 1
1 2x
122.
148.
3x 5 1
150.
152.
154.
156.
x 3
x 6 0.1
x 1 3
5x 2 6
b .
126.
151. x 4 1
153. x 5 2
155. 2x 3 0.4
149. x 3
value symbol.
116. 6 4x a 6 4x 4a
147. x 3 2x 1
115. x 34 x 7
1
xy
x1 y1
112.
x
1
113.
xy
1y
109. sx 2 x
108. sx 2 x sx 2 x
1
sx sy
109116 State whether or not the equation is true for all values
of the variable.
111.
x1
106.
(1sx ) 1
s2 h s2 h
104.
h
1
1
x
x sx 8
103.
x4
142. 3
102.
107. sx 2 3x 4 x
1
4
x
2n1
sx 3
101.
x9
2
3 s5
140. x 3 3x 4x 2
ature scales is given by C 59 F 32, where C is the temperature in degrees Celsius and F is the temperature in
degrees Fahrenheit. What interval on the Celsius scale corresponds to the temperature range 50 F 95?
105.
136. x 2 5
(st ) 5
135. x 2 3
5
y6
95. s
134. x 2 2x 8
3 10 35
94. x y z
97.
133. x 1x 2 0
92. 64
4 32
132. 1 3x 4 16
141.
43
93. 2x y
2
131. 0 1 x 1
139. x 3 x
90. 9615
23
130. 1 5x 5 3x
138 x 1x 2x 3 0
x y
x y1
a b
a5b 5
91. 125
a n a 2n1
a n2
86.
129. 1 x 2
137. x 3 x 2 0
x 92x4
x3
128. 4 3x 6
83. 310 9 8
127. 2x 7 3
14 REVIEW OF ALGEBRA
ANSWERS
1. 3a 2bc
5. 8 6a
6. 4 x
8. 3t 21t 22
7. x 6x 3
2
12. 9x 2 12x 4
13. 30y 4 y 5 y 6
21.
u 3u 1
u1
x
zx
rs
23.
24.
25.
yz
y
3t
3 2x
28.
29. 2x1 6x 2
2x
31. x 6x 1
33. x 4x 2
32. x 3x 2
129. 1,
_1
x2
49.
x2
2x 1
50.
x2
x2
x2 9
55. x 1 4
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
57. ( x
61. 1, 10
81. 4a bsb
90. 2 5s3
x3
94. 9
5 6
y z
1 2 x 2 if 1
s2 x 1
s2
2 x 2 1 if x 1
s2 or x 1
s2
2
82. 2a
83. 3
a
b
91. 25
87.
2 0
3
95. y
84. 2
x y
xy
92.
60
85. 16x
10
96. a
3
4
89.
0 1
2
_1 0
_2
97. t 5
2
_
5
_3
141.
, 0
1
x 1
8
140.
, 0 1, 3
0
( 14 ,
)
142. (
, 3 ) 1,
1
0 1
4
_1 0
3
157. x
_1
147. 2,
146. 0, 3
] [
136. (
, s5 s5,
)
_1
134. 2, 4
a bc
ab
(b) 30 C T 20 C
148. , 2
4
3
4
3
151. 3, 5
153.
, 7 3,
( 12 ,
)
150.
, 3 3,
1
s3
93. 2s2 x 3 y 6
1
256
130.
137.
, 1
88.
6
5
26
132. 1, 4
_
3
5 s13
65.
6
64. 1 2s2
86. a 2n3
135. (s3, s3 )
62. 2, 4
7 s33
1 s5
67. 1,
68. 1, 1 s2
4
2
Irreducible
70. Not irreducible
Not irreducible (two real roots)
72. Irreducible
a 6 6a 5b 15a 4b 2 20a 3b 3 15a 2b 4 6ab 5 b 6
a 7 7a 6b 21a 5b 2 35a 4b 3 35a 3b 4
21a 2b 5 7ab 6 b 7
x 8 4x 6 6x 4 4x 2 1
243 405x 2 270x 4 90x 6 15x 8 x 10
1
78. 3
79. 2 x
80. x 2 y
8
2
122. x 2
if x 1
if x 1
131. 0, 1
15
4
9 s85
63.
2
71.
121. 2 x
133.
, 1 2,
5 2
2
59. 2x 1 3
5
4
60. 3x 4 2
69.
114. False
118. 2
128. (
, 3
66.
xx 2
52.
x4
56. x 8 16
58. ( x
x1
51.
x8
x 2 6x 4
x 1x 2x 4
54.
3 2
2
113. False
117. 18
53.
110. False
2 x 1 if x 12
1 2 x if x 21
125. x 2 1
_2
44. x 1 x 2
3x 4
sx 3x 4 x
107.
109. False
127. 2,
42. x 3x 3x 9
x1
x 1
126. 1 2 x 2
38. x 52
39. t 1t 2 t 1
sx sy
xy
x 1
124. 2 x 1
106.
2x
sx 2 x sx 2 x
111. True
112. False
115. False
116. True
119. 5 s5
120. 1
123.
43. xx 1
18. 3 2
b
2
2x
x2 1
20.
2b 2 3ab 4a 2
22.
a 2b 2
a2
c
26. 2
27.
b
c2
17. 1 4x
3 s5
2
101.
108.
15. 2x 3 5x 2 x 1
16. x 4 2x 3 x 2 2x 1
41. 2t 3
105.
11. 4x 4x 1
10. x x 2x
19.
4. 4x 3x 2
9. 12x 2 25x 7
99.
3. 2x 2 10x
2. 2x 3 y 5
1
1
102.
sx 3
sx x
2
104.
s2 h s2 h
t 1
4
100. r n
2
s 1
24
x 2 4x 16
103.
xsx 8
149. 3, 3
152. 5.9, 6.1
154.
, 4 2,
156. (5 , 5)
4 8
158. x
cb
a
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA 15
SOLUTIONS
4. (4 3x)x = 4 x 3x x = 4x 3x2
5. 2(4 3a) = 2 4 + 2 3a = 8 + 6a
6. 8 (4 + x) = 8 4 x = 4 x
2 + 8x
2
8x
= +
= 1 + 4x
2
2
2
9b
6
2
9b 6
=
=3
18.
3b
3b
3b
b
2
(1)(x 3) + 2(x + 5)
x 3 + 2x + 10
3x + 7
1
+
=
=
= 2
19.
x+5
x3
(x + 5)(x 3)
(x + 5)(x 3)
x + 2x 15
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
17.
20.
1
1(x 1) + 1(x + 1)
x1+x+1
2x
1
+
=
=
= 2
x+1
x1
(x + 1)(x 1)
x2 1
x 1
21. u + 1 +
(u + 1)(u + 1) + u
u2 + 2u + 1 + u
u2 + 3u + 1
u
=
=
=
u+1
u+1
u+1
u+1
4
3
2b2
3ab
4a2
2b2 3ab + 4a2
2
+
+
=
a2
ab
b2
a2 b2
a2 b2
a2 b2
a2 b2
x/y
1 x
x
x/y
=
= =
23.
z
z/1
z y
yz
22.
x/1
z x
zx
x
=
= =
y/z
y/z
y 1
y
2
s
2rs2
rs
2r
=
=
25.
s
6t
6st
3t
24.
26.
b
a
ac
a2 c
a2
a
= 2 = 2
bc
ac
bc
b
b c
b
16 REVIEW OF ALGEBRA
1
c1+1
c
c
1
c
1
c
1 = c1 c = c
=
=
27.
1
c11
c2
c2 c1
c2
1
c1
c1
c1
1+
28. 1 +
1
1+
1+x
= 1+
1
1+x
2+x+1+x
3 + 2x
=1+
=
=
1+x+1
2+x
2+x
2+x
1+x
31. The two integers that add to give 7 and multiply to give 6 are 6 and 1. Therefore x2 + 7x + 6 = (x + 6)(x + 1).
32. The two integers that add to give 1 and multiply to give 6 are 3 and 2.
Therefore x2 2x 6 = (x 3)(x + 2).
33. The two integers that add to give 2 and multiply to give 8 are 4 and 2.
Therefore x2 2x 8 = (x 4)(x + 2).
34. 2x2 + 7x 4 = (2x 1)(x + 4)
[Equation 1 with a x, b = 5]
40. 4t2 9s2 = (2t)2 (3s)2 = (2t 3s)(2t + 3s) [Equation 3 with a = 2t, b = 3s]
[Equation 1 with a = x, b = 1]
44. Let p(x) = x 4x + 5x 2, and notice that p(1) = 0, so by the Factor Theorem, (x 1) is a factor.
Use long division (as in Example 8):
3
x2 3x + 2
x1
x3 4x2 + 5x 2
x3 x2
2x 2
2x 2
Therefore x3 4x2 + 5x 2 = (x 1)(x2 3x + 2) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 1) = (x 1)2 (x 2).
45. Let p(x) = x3 + 3x2 x 3, and notice that p(1) = 0, so by the Factor Theorem, (x 1) is a factor.
Use long division (as in Example 8):
x2 + 4x + 3
x1
x3 + 3x2 x 3
x3 x2
4x2 x
4x2 4x
3x 3
3x 3
Therefore x3 + 3x2 x 3 = (x 1)(x2 + 4x + 3) = (x 1)(x + 1)(x + 3).
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
3x2 + 5x
3x2 + 3x
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA 17
46. Let p(x) = x3 2x2 23x + 60, and notice that p(3) = 0, so by the Factor Theorem, (x 3) is a factor.
Use long division (as in Example 8):
x2 + x 20
x 3 x3 2x2 23x + 60
x3 3x2
x2 23x
x2 3x
20x + 60
20x + 60
Therefore x3 2x2 23x + 60 = (x 3)(x2 + x 20) = (x 3)(x + 5)(x 4).
47. Let p(x) = x3 + 5x2 2x 24, and notice that p(2) = 23 + 5(2)2 2(2) 24 = 0, so by the Factor Theorem,
(x 2) is a factor. Use long division (as in Example 8):
x2 + 7x + 12
x 2 x3 + 5x2 2x 24
x3 2x2
7x2 2x
7x2 14x
12x 24
12x 24
Therefore x3 + 5x2 2x 24 = (x 2)(x2 + 7x + 12) = (x 2)(x + 3)(x + 4).
48. Let p(x) = x3 3x2 4x + 12, and notice that p(2) = 0, so by the Factor Theorem, (x 2) is a factor.
Use long division (as in Example 8):
x2 x
3
x 2 x 3x 4x + 12
x3 2x2
x2 4x
x2 + 2x
6x + 12
6x + 12
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
(x + 2)(x 1)
x+2
x2 + x 2
=
=
x2 3x + 2
(x 2)(x 1)
x2
50.
(2x + 1)(x 2)
2x + 1
2x2 3x 2
=
=
x2 4
(x 2)(x + 2)
x+2
51.
(x 1)(x + 1)
x+1
x2 1
=
=
x2 9x + 8
(x 8)(x 1)
x8
52.
x3 + 5x2 + 6x
x(x2 + 5x + 6)
x(x + 3)(x + 2)
x(x + 2)
=
=
=
x2 x 12
(x 4)(x + 3)
(x 4)(x + 3)
x4
53.
1
1
1
1(x 3) + 1
x2
1
+ 2
=
+
= 2
x+3
x 9
x+3
(x 3)(x + 3)
(x 3)(x + 3)
x 9
54.
x
2
x
2
x(x 4) 2(x + 2)
2
=
=
x2 + x 2
x 5x + 4
(x 1)(x + 2)
(x 4)(x 1)
(x 1)(x + 2)(x 4)
=
x2 6x 4
x2 4x 2x 4
=
(x 1)(x + 2)(x 4)
(x 1)(x + 2)(x 4)
18 REVIEW OF ALGEBRA
56. x2 16x + 80 = [x2 16x] + 80 = [x2 16x + (8)2 (8)2 ] + 80 = (x 8)2 + 80 64 = (x 8)2 + 16
k
2
2
2 2 l
+ 10 = x 52 + 10 25
= x 52 + 15
57. x2 5x + 10 = [x2 5x] + 10 = x2 5x + 52 52
4
4
k
2
2
2 2 l
2
+ 1 = x + 32 + 1 32 = x + 32
58. x2 + 3x + 1 = [x2 + 3x] + 1 = x2 + 3x + 32 32
5
4
k
2
2
2 2 l
2 = 4 x + 12 2 4 14 = 4 x + 12 3
59. 4x2 + 4x 2 = 4[x2 + x] 2 = 4 x2 + x + 12 12
60. 3x2 24x + 50 = 3[x2 8x] + 50 = 3[x2 8x + (4)2 (4)2 ] + 50 = 3(x 4)2 + 50 3(4)2
= 3(x 4)2 + 2
61. x2 9x 10 = 0 (x + 10)(x 1) = 0 x + 10 = 0 or x 1 = 0 x = 10 or x = 1.
62. x2 2x 8 = 0 (x 4)(x + 2) = 0 x 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 x = 4 or x = 2.
s
9 92 4(1)(1)
9 85
63. Using the quadratic formula, x2 + 9x 1 = 0 x =
=
.
2(1)
2
s
2 4 4(1)(7)
2 32
2
=
= 1 2 2.
64. Using the quadratic formula, x 2x 7 = 0 x =
2
2
s
5 52 4(3)(1)
5 13
2
=
.
65. Using the quadratic formula, 3x + 5x + 1 = 0 x =
2(3)
6
s
7 49 4(2)(2)
7 33
2
66. Using the quadratic formula, 2x + 7x + 2 = 0 x =
=
.
2(2)
4
67. Let p(x) = x3 2x + 1, and notice that p(1) = 0, so by the Factor Theorem, (x 1) is a factor.
Use long division:
x2 + x 1
x1
x3 + 0x2 2x + 1
x3 x2
x2 2x
x2 x
Therefore x3 2x + 1 = (x 1)(x2 + x 1) = 0 x 1 = 0 or x2 + x 1 = 0
s
1 12 4(1)(1)
1 5
x = 1 or [using the quadratic formula] x =
.
=
2
2(1)
68. Let p(x) = x3 + 3x2 + x 1, and notice that p(1) = 0, so by the Factor Theorem, (x + 1) is a factor.
Use long division:
x2 + 2x 1
x+1
x3 + 3x2 + x 1
x3 + x2
2x2 + x
2x2 + 2x
x 1
x 1
2 22 4(1)(1)
x = 1 or [using the quadratic formula] x =
= 1 2.
2
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
x + 1
x + 1
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA 19
69. 2x2 + 3x + 4 is irreducible because its discriminant is negative: b2 4ac = 9 4(2)(4) = 23 < 0.
70. The quadratic 2x2 + 9x + 4 is not irreducible because b2 4ac = 92 4(2)(4) = 49 > 0.
71. 3x2 + x 6 is not irreducible because its discriminant is nonnegative: b2 4ac = 1 4(3)(6) = 73 > 0.
65 4 2 654 3 3 6543 2 4
a b +
a b +
a b + 6ab5 + b6
12
123
1234
= a6 + 6a5 b + 15a4 b2 + 20a3 b3 + 15a2 b4 + 6ab5 + b6
(a + b)6 = a6 + 6a5 b +
43 2 2
(x ) (1)2 + 4(x2 )(1)3 + (1)4
12
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
54 3 2 2 543 2 2 3
(3) (x ) +
(3) (x ) + 5(3)(x2 )4 + (x2 )5
12
123
3
3
2
1
1
1
3 2
3 1
=
=
=
=
=
3
3
54
27
3
3
54
27
4
4
4
32x4
32 x4
32
4
x4 = 4 16 |x| = 2 |x|.
Using Equation 10, 4
=
= 4
4
2
2
2
s
s
s 3
xy x y = (xy)(x3 y) = x4 y 2 = x2 |y|
Using Equation 10, 16a4 b3 = 16 a4 b3 = 4a2 b3/2 = 4a2 b b1/2 = 4a2 b b.
u
5
6
96a6
5 96a
5
= 32a5 = 2a
=
5
3a
3a
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
83. Using Laws 3 and 1 of Exponents respectively, 310 98 = 310 (32 )8 = 310 32 8 = 310 + 16 = 326 .
84. Using Laws 3 and 1, 216 410 166 = 216 (22 )10 (24 )6 = 216 220 224 = 260 .
85. Using Laws 4, 1, and 2 of Exponents respectively,
86. Using Laws 1 and 2,
x9 (24 )x4
16x9 + 4
x9 (2x)4
=
=
= 16x9 + 4 3 = 16x10 .
3
3
x
x
x3
an + 2n + 1
a3n + 1
an a2n + 1
=
=
= a3n + 1(n 2) = a2n + 3 .
an 2
an 2
an 2
a2
a3 b4
.
87. Using Law 2 of Exponents, 5 5 = a3 (5) b4 5 = a2 b1 =
a b
b
1
y+x
(y + x)2
1
x1 + y 1
+
=
(x
+
y)
=
=
(x
+
y)
88.
(x + y)1
x y
xy
xy
89. By definitions 3 and 4 for exponents respectively, 31/2 =
1
1
= .
31/2
3
5
96 = 5 32 3 = 5 32 5 3 = 2 5 3
2
91. Using definition 4 for exponents, 1252/3 = 3 125 = 52 = 25.
90. 961/5 =
92. 644/3 =
1
1
1
1
=
4 = 4 =
3
4
256
644/3
64
20 REVIEW OF ALGEBRA
k l3 ks l3
x2
y 4 = 2 2 |x|3 (y 2 )3 = 2 2 |x|3 y 6
94. (x5 y 3 z 10 )3/5 = (x5 )3/5 (y 3 )3/5 (z 10 )3/5 = x15/5 y 9/5 z 30/5 =
s
5
y 6 = y 6/5 by definition 4 for exponents.
3
96. ( 4 a ) = (a1/4 )3 = a3/4
x2
y 9/5 z 6
95.
1
1
1
97. 5 = 1/2 5 = 5/2 = t5/2
(t )
t
t
8
x5/8
1
x5
98.
= 3/4 = x(5/8) (3/4) = x1/8 = 1/8
4
3
x
x
x
u
t1/4
= t1/4 s(1/6) (1/4) = 1/24
s
4 2n + 1
4 1
4
4
4 2n + 1
1
100. r
r = r
r = r2n + 1 1 = r2n = (r2n )1/4 = r2n/4 = rn/2
(x 9)
1
x3
x3
x+3
=
=
=
101.
x9
x9
x+3
(x 9) ( x + 3)
x+3
1
1
1
1
1x
1
1 +1
1
1
1
x
x
x
x
=
=
=
x
102.
=
=
1
x1
x1
x
+x
1
1
1
+1
(x 1) + 1
(x 1) + 1
x +1
x
x
x
x
x3 64
x x8 x x+8
x x8
=
=
103.
x4
x4
x x+8
(x 4)(x x + 8)
(x 4)(x2 + 4x + 16)
x2 + 4x + 16
[Equation 4 with a = x, b = 4] =
(x 4)(x x + 8)
x x+8
2 + h (2 h)
2+h+ 2h
2+h+ 2h
2+h 2h
=
=
104.
h
h
2+h 2h
h 2+h 2h
105.
106.
107.
108.
=
2+h 2h
2 3+ 5
2
3+ 5
2
3+ 5
=
=
=
95
2
3 5
3 5 3+ 5
x+ y
x+ y
1
1
=
=
xy
x y
x y
x+ y
x2 + 3x + 4 x2
3x + 4
x2 + 3x + 4 + x
2
2
=
=
x + 3x + 4 x =
x + 3x + 4 x
x2 + 3x + 4 + x
x2 + 3x + 4 + x
x2 + 3x + 4 + x
x2 + x (x2 x)
x2 + x + x2 x
2
2
2
2
x +x x x=
x +x x x
=
x2 + x + x2 x
x2 + x + x2 x
2x
=
x2 + x + x2 x
113. False.
114. False. See the warning on page 2.
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA 21
119. 5 5 = 5 5 = 5 5 because 5 5 < 0.
120. |2| |3| = |2 3| = |1| = 1
121. If x < 2, x 2 < 0, so |x 2| = (x 2) = 2 x.
|x| >
1
2
128. 4 3x 6 3x 2 x 23 , so x , 23 .
129. 1 x 2 x 1 x 1, so x [1, ).
130. 1 + 5x > 5 3x 8x > 4 x > 12 , so x
1
2
, .
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
134. x2 < 2x + 8 x2 2x 8 < 0 (x 4)(x + 2) < 0. Case 1: x > 4 and x < 2, which is impossible.
Case 2: x < 4 and x > 2. Thus, the solution set is (2, 4).
135. x2 < 3 x2 3 < 0 x 3 x + 3 < 0. Case 1: x > 3 and x < 3, which is impossible.
Case 2: x < 3 and x > 3. Thus, the solution set is 3, 3 .
22 REVIEW OF ALGEBRA
136. x2 5 x2 5 0 x 5 x + 5 0. Case 1: x 5 and x 5, so x
5, .
Case 2: x 5 and x 5, so x , 5 . Thus, the solution set is , 5 5, .
x+1
x2
x+3
(x + 1)(x 2)(x + 3)
x < 3
1 < x < 2
3 < x < 1
x>2
Thus, (x + 1)(x 2)(x + 3) 0 on [3, 1] and [2, ), and the solution set is [3, 1] [2, ).
139. x3 > x x3 x > 0 x x2 1 > 0 x(x 1)(x + 1) > 0. Construct a chart:
Interval
x1
x+1
x(x 1)(x + 1)
x < 1
0<x<1
1 < x < 0
x>1
+
+
+
+
x3 4x2 + 3x < 0 x x2 4x + 3 < 0 x(x 1)(x 3) < 0.
Interval
x1
x3
x(x 1)(x 3)
x<0
1<x<3
x>3
0<x<1
+
+
141. 1/x < 4. This is clearly true for x < 0. So suppose x > 0. then 1/x < 4 1 < 4x
solution set is (, 0) 14 , .
1
4
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
Since x3 > x when the last column is positive, the solution set is (1, 0) (1, ).
REVIEW OF ALGEBRA 23
142. 3 < 1/x 1. We solve the two inequalities separately and take the intersection of the solution sets. First,
3 < 1/x is clearly true for x > 0. So suppose x < 0. Then 3 < 1/x 3x > 1 x < 13 , so for this
inequality, the solution set is , 13 (0, ). Now 1/x 1 is clearly true if x < 0. So suppose x > 0. Then
1/x 1 1 x, and the solution set here is (, 0) [1, ). Taking the intersection of the two solution
sets gives the final solution set: , 13 [1, ).
145. (a) Let T represent the temperature in degrees Celsius and h the height in km. T = 20 when h = 0 and T decreases
by 10 C for every km (1 C for each 100-m rise). Thus, T = 20 10h when 0 h 12.
(b) From part (a), T = 20 10h 10h = 20 T h = 2 T /10. So 0 h 5
0 2 T /10 5 2 T /10 3 20 T 30 20 T 30
30 T 20. Thus, the range of temperatures (in C) to be expected is [30, 20].
146. The ball will be at least 32 ft above the ground if h 32 128 + 16t 16t2 32
16t2 16t 96 0 16(t 3)(t + 2) 0. t = 3 and t = 2 are endpoints of the interval were looking for,
and constructing a table gives 2 t 3. But t 0, so the ball will be at least 32 ft above the ground in the time
147. |x + 3| = |2x + 1| either x + 3 = 2x + 1 or x + 3 = (2x + 1). In the first case, x = 2, and in the second
case, x + 3 = 2x 1
148. |3x + 5| = 1 either 3x + 5 = 1 or 1. In the first case, 3x = 4 x = 43 , and in the second case,
3x = 6 x = 2. So the solutions are 2 and 43 .
149. By Property 5 of absolute values, |x| < 3 3 < x < 3, so x (3, 3).
150. By Properties 4 and 6 of absolute values, |x| 3 x 3 or x 3, so x (, 3] [3, ).
Stewart: Calculus, Sixth Edition. ISBN: 0495011606. 2008 Brooks/Cole. All rights reserved.
156. |5x 2| < 6 6 < 5x 2 < 6 4 < 5x < 8 45 < x < 85 , so x 45 , 85 .
157. a(bx c) bc bx c
bc
a
bx
bc
bc + ac
+c =
a
a
bc + ac
ab
cb
(since a < 0)
a
s
(ab)2 = a2 b2 = a2 b2 = |a| |b|
160. If 0 < a < b, then a a < a b and a b < b b [using Rule 3 of Inequalities]. So a2 < ab < b2 and hence a2 < b2 .