Earth Science Test

Please answer questions on a separate sheet of paper (except 7, 16, 23, 32, and
Bonus)
1. Name the strong lower part of the mantle, the middle-sphere.
2. At a convergent boundary, oceanic plates sometimes sink into the
asthenosphere. Name the region where this occurs.
3. When an object is squeezed, this stress is called what?
4. Name the type of fault which occurs on transform boundaries (really I cant
tell the difference).
5. What is the tracing of earthquake motion created by a seismograph called?
6. When magma is forced to the surface, what type of mountain is created?
7. Draw a diagram labeling the FIVE layers of the Earth

8. What is the place on the surface above a magma plume called?

9. When tectonic plates separate, the deep crack created is called what? (4
letters)
10.Name the spherical part of the earth below the MANTLE.
11.What is the liquid layer of the Earths core called?
12.Most believe that Earths lithosphere is divided. What is this theory called?
13.What is the amount of force per unit area put on a material known as?
14.When the hanging wall of a fault moves down relative to the footwall, what
type of fault is it?
15.What is the type of seismic wave that cannot travel through completely liquid
materials called?
16.Fill out the chart below with Soft (liquid) or Rigid (solid)
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Inner Core
Outer Core
17.What is the point of origin of an earthquake? (Think carefully) (See question
30 for hint)
18.What type of volcano forms from non-explosive eruptions?
19.Around the central vent of a volcano, there is a funnel shaped pit called a
what?

20.When a magma chamber empties, it causes the ground above it to sink,

forming what?
21.The crust and rigid upper part of the mantle are known as what?
22.What is the term for a piece of lithosphere moving around on the
asthenosphere?

23.Accurately describe and illustrate sea floor spreading.

24.Two colliding tectonic plates form what type of boundary?

25.Name the type of boundary that occurs with strike-slip faults (really I cant tell
the difference).
26.Rock layers sometimes bend due to stress in the Earths crust. This is known
as what?
27.When the hanging wall of a fault moves up relative to the footwall, what type
of fault is it?
28.What type of seismic wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?
29.What instrument records seismic waves?
30.What is the place on the surface directly above the point of origin of an
earthquake called?
31.Once magma reaches the Earths surface, it is called what?
32.Construct an illustration that accurately demonstrates your understanding of
continental drift.

33.What type of volcano is made of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic

material?

34.When rocks and minerals are broken down into new substances, it is called
what?
35.When rock is physically broken into smaller pieces it is called what?
36.The upper part of the lithosphere is called what?
37.Name the layer between the crust and the core.
38.The lithosphere pieces move around on what?
39.The centermost of the FIVE parts of the Earth where it is probably physically
impossible to journey to is called what?
40.The theory that continents can and have drifted apart from one another is
called what?
41.What boundary forms between two tectonic plates that are moving away
from each other?
42.When forces act to stretch an object, what is this type of stress called?
43.What is break in the Earths crust where blocks of crust slide due to tectonic
forces called?
44.Energy travels through the Earth in waves called what?
45.Explosive volcanic eruptions create fragments of rock. What is the name for
these fragments?
46.What type of volcano forms from moderately explosive eruptions?
47.What is the name for the process by which a rock type changes to another?

Bonus Questions
1. Explain how magnetic reversals can be recorded in the ocean floor.

2. Name the scientist who wrote about his theory of continental drift and explain
why the theory could not be proved at the time.

3. Give two more names each for P waves and S waves.

4. Give another name for a composite volcano.