Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
"Frederick Douglass--Abolitionist Leader." Frederick Douglass--Abolitionist Leader. Library of
Congress. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/douglass/aa_douglass_leader_1.html>.
This primary source was used to show Douglass accomplishments such as the North Star
newspaper and the abolition of slavery. Frederick Douglass led the war against slavery
and held a highly influential title as US minister and consul General to Haiti.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Boston: Dover Thrift, 1995.
Print.
This primary source was used to gain background of Douglass and his life as a slave. He
had many horrific events happen to him as a slave and this autobiography gives insight of
Frederick Douglass thoughts and his desires during slavery. This was also used to show
his motives for becoming a slave abolitionist.
Douglass, Frederick and Delany, Martin, editors. "North Star, June 2, 1848." 1848. African
American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship, Library of Congress.
This image is used to show Douglass newspaper that he created to abolish slavery. This
newspaper left a great legacy by promoting intellectual colored people and freedom.
"Frederick Douglass." C. 1890. African-American Perspectives: The Progress of a People,
Library of Congress.
This photo will be used to show what Frederick Douglass looked like.

Foster, C. W. "C. W. Foster, U.S. War Department, to Frederick Douglass, August 13, 1863.
(Letter)." 1863. African American Odyssey: The Civil War, Soldiers and Missionaries,
Library of Congress.
This photo shows the role Douglass played in the Civil War. In this photo the US War
Department is asking Douglass to recruit black people into the army.
Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. New York: Collier Books, 1962.
This primary source is an autobiography will be used to have insight on how Frederick
Douglass lived his life. It explains how he escaped from slavery and how he emotional
dealt with being a slave.
Letter to Hugh Auld. 1857. The Gild Lehrman Institute of American History. The Gilder
Lehrman Institute of American History. Web. http://www.gilderlehrman.org/historyby-era/slavery-and-anti-slavery/resources/%E2%80%9Ci-love-you-hate-slavery
%E2%80%9D-frederick-douglass-his-f
This primary source is a letter from Frederick Douglass to his old master Hugh Auld.
Douglass was in a quest to learn more about his childhood and reached out to one of his
old masters asking for help.
Anti-Fugitive Slave Law Meeting. 1851. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History,
Syracuse, New York. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Web.
<https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collections/240b686d-6023-4c3d-b54e-725128101991>.
This primary source will be used to show what Douglass did to abolish slavery. He was
president of the Anti-Fugitive Slave meetings and they would produce resolutions to get
rid of slavery. This image is a page of resolutions that were created during the meeting.

Oration. 1852. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, Rochester, New York. The
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Web.
<https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collections/437cd066-e80b-4cba-a74e-064623516420?
back=/mweb/search%3Fneedle%3DFrederick%2520Douglass>.
This photo represents one of Frederick Douglasss most popular speeches given, his July
fourth oration. He spoke about what the fourth of July really means to the black people of
America.
Douglass, Frederick. "Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895), Atlantic Monthly. [Vol. 19, No.111
(January 1867)] | the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History." Douglass,
Frederick (1818-1895), Atlantic Monthly. [Vol. 19, No.111 (January 1867)] | the Gilder
Lehrman Institute of American History. Atlantic Monthly. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.
<https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collections/7e1ef4f5-1862-4a09-b38c-562075791091?
back=/mweb/search%3Fpage%3D2%2526needle%3DFrederick%2520Douglass>.
This primary article written by Frederick Douglass explains his thought on how to change
the government to get rid of slavery. It is his thoughts on how to reconstruct the
government.
Douglass, Frederick. Atlantic Monthly. 1867. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American
History, Boston.
This photo is picture of the Atlantic Monthly magazine that Frederick Douglass used to
write articles for.
Douglass, Frederick. "Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895), to Thomas B. Pugh | the Gilder
Lehrman Institute of American History." Douglass, Frederick (1818-1895), to Thomas B.
Pugh | the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. The Gilder Lehrman Institute

of American History. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

<https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collections/7ac504b8-89bb-4f95-8ddb-238642693342?
back=/mweb/search%3Fpage%3D2%2526needle%3DFrederick%2520Douglass>.
This is a letter from Douglass that he does not want to speak at the Philadelphia Academy
of Music. He did not want to speak because they discriminated again black people.
Douglass, Frederick. Frederick Douglass. 1879. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American
History, Washington D.C.
This photo is a picture of a famous quote of Douglasss talking about how the
government does not protect the life, liberty and pursuit of happiness of the black people
in America.
"Buying Frederick Douglass's Freedom." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
Web. <https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gilderlehrman.org%2Fhistory-by-era%2Fslavery-andanti-slavery%2Fresources%2Fbuying-frederick-douglass%25E2%2580%2599s-freedom1846>.
This primary source is used to explain how Frederick Douglass got out of slavery. People
of England bought him out of slavery so he could go back to the US and not have to
worry about being captured.
Buying Frederick Douglass's Freedom. 1846. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
This photo is a primary source that shows the letter from Hugh Auld to Anna Richardson
that he is accepting the offer to buy Douglasss freedom.
Douglass, Frederick. "Disfranchisement of Black Voters." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of
American History. Web. <https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gilderlehrman.org%2Fhistory-by-era

%2Fjim-crow-and-great-migration%2Fresources%2Ffrederick-douglassdisfranchisement-black-vote>.
This primary source is how Frederick Douglass feels about blacks voting in the South.
The blacks would never feel supreme; they are humble to have any rights.
Disfranchisement of Black Voters. 1888. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, n.p.
This photo is a letter from Frederick Douglass to Robert Adams talking about how the
issue in the South with blacks voting.
Douglass, Frederick. US Grant and the Colored People. 1872. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of
American History, Washington D.C.
This photo is a primary source and it is Frederick Douglasss newspaper convincing black
people to vote for a president to get re-elected.
"U. S. Grant and the Colored People." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. The
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.
<https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collections/a7388ab9-7434-4a26-b8c6-783974923137>.
This primary source shows how Douglass uses his newspaper for politics. He is urging
black people to vote for President Grant because he is on the black peoples side.
Douglass, Frederick. Clipped Signature. 1885. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American
History.
This primary source is a photo of Frederick Douglasss signature.
Douglass, Frederick. We Are Sometimes Asked in the Name of Patriotism. 1880's. The Gilder
Lehrman Institute of American History, Arlington, VA.

This photo is a letter that Douglass wrote about how people want to forget all the bad
things and just remember the good things. Douglass doesnt see it like that though, he
wants people to remember the bad stuff and change and become good country.
Douglass, Frederick. "The Constitution and Slavery | Teaching American History." Teaching
American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2014.
<http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/the-constitution-and-slavery/>.
This primary source is a newspaper article of Frederick Douglasss feelings toward the
US Constitution. He explains how slavery will still exist and the authors of the
Constitution want slavery.
Douglass, Frederick. "Why Should a Colored Man Enlist?" Teaching American History. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/whyshould-a-colored-man-enlist/>.
This primary source is an article by Douglass himself explaining why colored men should
enlist into the army. He thinks that as a man you have to protect, fight with people you
may not like and become familiar with securing and defending your own liberty.
"Frederick Douglass National Historic Site." Frederick Douglass National Historic Site. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. <http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/douglass/index.html>.
This primary source has an overview of Douglasss life after slavery. It also has details on
Douglass and Lincolns relationship.
Douglass, Frederick. "Blessings of Liberty and Education." Teaching American History. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. <http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/blessingsof-liberty-and-education/>.

This primary source is a speech that Douglass gave for education. It contains his views on
education for black youth. He thinks that they have to learn in their head and with their
hands.
"Spartacus Educational." Spartacus Educational. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://spartacuseducational.com/USASdouglass.htm>.
The letter to Harriet Beecher Stowe will be used as a primary source to see Frederick
Douglasss views on colleges. He wants colored people to be able to learn with their
hands and their head.
"The Color Line in America." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.
Web. 19 Oct. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-9399839>.
A speech by Frederick Douglass that urges colored Americans to stand up and fight for
their independence.
Frederick Douglass Papers. 1841- 1864. Library of Congress, n.p. By Frederick Douglass.
This photo is of one of Frederick Douglasss papers he wrote. He wrote many papers to
many people explaining his feeling on certain topics.
Central Library Of Rochester And Monroe County Historic Monographs Collectio. TWO
SPEECHES BY FREDERICK DOUGLASS 1857 (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
Frederick gave two speeches about how men should value others freedom just as much as
they value their own. He wants people to fight for others freedom as well.
Two Speeches. N.d. Internet Archives, Rochester. By Frederick Douglass.
This photo is the title page of Frederick Douglasss Two Speeches booklet.
Douglass, Frederick. Memorial of Frederick Douglass. 1896. Internet Archive, Boston.
This photo is of the memorial of Frederick Douglass. It was made by the city of Boston.

Frederick Douglass Mural in Washington D.C. 1946. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
Web. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/highsm.13251/>.
This photo shows the legacy Douglass left, there is a mural in the nations capital.
Living Room of Frederick Douglass in Anacostia Neighborhood. 1946. Library of Congress,
Washington D.C.
This photo is the living room of where Douglass lived in and the house where he died.
Frederick Douglass House. 1946. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
This photo is of a house where Douglass spent most of his adult life. This is the house
that he would eventually die in.
Frederick Douglass Funeral March. 1895. Library of Congress, Illinois.
This photo is of the memorial of Douglass, it is the title page of a song written by Smithe
Clark.
Frederick Douglass with His Grandson. 1865. Library of Congress, n.p.
This photo is of Douglass and his grandson; shows his family and his descendants.
Lessons of the Hour. 1894. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
This photo was a pamphlet for Douglasss major last speech before he passed away.
Ann Murray-Douglass. N.d. Library of Congress, n.p.
This photo is of Douglasss first wife.
Helen Pitts Douglass. N.d. Library of Congress, n.p.
This photo is of Frederick Douglasss second wife.
Eulogy to Frederick Douglass. 1895. Library of Congress, n.p.
This is the eulogy that was spoken at Frederick Douglasss funeral in 1895.

Secondary Sources

"Frederick Douglass." PBS. PBS. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.

<http://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/douglass.html>.
This secondary source will be used to elaborate on Frederick Douglasss rise to becoming
a leader of the abolition party. It will also be used to describe the North Star newspaper
that he created.
"Frederick Douglass." History.com. A&E Television Networks. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/frederick-douglass>.
This secondary source will be used to describe hoe Frederick Douglass was involved in
the Civil War. He was an advisor to Abraham Lincoln and suggested to have black people
be able to get drafted into the army.
Pitre, Merline. "Frederick Douglass: The Politician vs. the Social Reformer." JSTOR. Clark
Atlanta University. Web. . http://www.jstor.org/pss/274569
This secondary source is used to show how Frederick Douglass was an amazing
politician and social reformer. It describes how he became an abolitionist and how he
treated his fellow countrymen.
"Frederick Douglass Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television. Web. 27 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-douglass-9278324/videos/frederickdouglass-meet-john-brown-2080056269>.
This secondary source video gives background and information on Frederick Douglass
as a slave and how he escaped from slavery. It explains how he felt and what he did when
he became a free man. It is used to help give more insight on Douglass growing up
through slavery.

"Notable Visitors: Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)." Mr. Lincoln's White House. Web. 28 Sept.
2014. <http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/inside.asp?ID=38&subjectID=2>.
This secondary source is used to explain how Douglass was involved with Abraham
Lincoln. Douglass was an advisor and a powerful figure in politics.
"Frederick Douglass Project: Rebecca Caesar's "Douglass' Relationship with Abraham Lincoln"
Essay." Frederick Douglass Project: Rebecca Caesar's "Douglass' Relationship with
Abraham Lincoln" Essay. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. <https://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?
PAGE=4071>.
This source is used to describe the relationship between Abraham Lincoln and Douglass.
Without them the abolition of slavery might not have happened.
"When Frederick Douglass Met Abraham Lincoln." TheGrio. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.
<http://thegrio.com/2012/02/13/black-man-in-the-white-house/>.
This secondary source explains how Lincoln and Douglass friendship first began. Their
friendship would be one to emancipate the slavery act.
"Frederick Douglass, 1818-1895." Frederick Douglass, 1818-1895. Documenting the American
South. Web. 28 Sept. 2014. <http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/douglass/bio.html>.
This secondary source gives more background on how Douglass lived as a slave. It also
gives information on how he became a social reformer.
"The Frederick Douglass Papers Edition: Douglass Biography." The Frederick Douglass Papers
Edition: Douglass Biography. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.iupui.edu/~douglass/douglass.html>.
This secondary source gives a timeline of events throughout Douglasss life. It gives me
better insight on the order everything happened in his life.

"Digital History." Digital History. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

<http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/exhibits/douglass_exhibit/douglass.html>.
This secondary source gives more background on Douglass and his social reform career.
It also provides images that will be used in the website.
"The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Frederick Douglass Speech - The Hypocrisy of
American Slavery." The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Frederick Douglass
Speech - The Hypocrisy of American Slavery. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/douglass.htm>.
This secondary source is used to show how Douglass though about slavery. Not just that
it was bad but the hypocrisy of it. Douglass uses hypocrisy to get his point across in many
situations.
Douglass, Federick. "Legacy and Significance of Frederick Douglass." Frederick Douglass
Heritage. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2014. <http://www.frederick-douglassheritage.org/legacy-significance/>.
This secondary source is a website that has information on Frederick Douglasss legacy
and his accomplishments.
"Celebrating the Life and Legacy of Frederick Douglass, Libertarian Hero." Reason.com. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. <http://reason.com/blog/2014/02/20/celebrating-the-life-andlegacy-of-frede>.
This source is a secondary source; it has information on Douglass and what Americans
can learn from him. It also tells how he had a different perspective than a lot of other
abolitionists because he had been a slave.

"DEATH AND LEGACY." AwesomeStories.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.

<https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/DEATH-AND-LEGACY-FrederickDouglass-From-Slave-to-Leader>.
This secondary source has details on Douglasss death. He passed away suddenly and it
clears up the rumors that were circulating after he passed.
Dunbar, Ulric. Death Mask of Frederick Douglass. N.d. US National Park Service, n.p.
This photograph is a mask made by Ulric Dunbar; it was made the day after Douglass
passed away.
"Family of Abolitionist Frederick Douglass Continues His Legacy." CBSNews. CBS Interactive,
n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/family-of-abolitionist-frederickdouglass-continues-his-legacy/>.
This secondary source is an article about the next generations after Douglass. His family
continues his legacy by educating the youth.
Frederick Douglass and His Descendant. N.d. N.p.
This photo is a picture of Frederick Douglass and his descendant Ken Morris.
"Frederick Douglass An American Narrative." Obituaries. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.legacy.com/news/legends-and-legacies/frederick-douglass--an-americannarrative/244/>.
This is a biography on Frederick Douglass, it gives insight on what dreams were able to
come true for him and which ones he just barely missed. He got to be present during the
Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th amendment, and just missed the womens rights
movement.

"What's So Great About Being Great? The Legacy of Frederick Douglass Lives Through Vital
Community Work." Community Works Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.communityworksinstitute.org/cwjonline/articles/aarticlestext/frederickdouglass.html>.
This secondary source is about Douglasss family; they made their own foundation to
help educate people.
"Frederick Douglass Timeline." Digital History. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/exhibits/douglass_exhibit/douglass_timeline.html>.
This timeline helps give insight on the time frame of all of his accomplishments.
Douglass had many accomplishments so the timeline helps keep track of the order of
events.
"Frederick Douglass and American History." OUPblog Black History MonthFrederick Douglass
and American History Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://blog.oup.com/2007/02/black_history_m1/>.
This secondary source is an article explaining the impact Douglass had on America.
"Abolitionist Activities." Frederick Douglass Heritage. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.frederick-douglass-heritage.org/abolitionist-activities/>.
This secondary source has information on Frederick Douglasss career. It contains a
turning point in his career that made him even more successful.
"Timeline of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Frederick Douglass Heritage. N.p., n.d. Web. 18
Oct. 2014. <http://www.frederick-douglass-heritage.org/timeline/>.
This secondary source gives more information on the timeline that the events in
Douglasss life happened.

"Bio: Frederick Douglass." Frederick Douglass Republican Turning Values Into Votes In 2012
And Beyond. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.
<http://frederickdouglassrepublican.com/did-you-know/bio-frederick-douglass/>.
This secondary source shows all of the political things the Douglass was a part of. Shows
all of the roles he was appointed to.
"Frederick Douglass: "The Lion of Anacostia"" American Civil War: Frederick Douglass (18181895). N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.historyguy.com/civilwar/douglass_frederick.html>.
This secondary source is a biography on Douglass and his impact made on American
slaves.
"Frederick Douglass." Frederick Douglass - African American Historical Figure. N.p., n.d. Web.
18 Oct. 2014. <http://www.brightmoments.com/blackhistory/nfdougla.php>.
This secondary source is an article highlighting Douglass and Garrisons relationship and
the movement they began.