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Topic 4 Oscillations and Waves

4.3 Forced Oscillations and Resonance


4.3.1

State what is meant by damping.

4.3.2

Describe examples of damped oscillations.

4.3.3

When the natural frequency is close to the frequency of the outside


force, the amplitude is large.
The amount of increase in amplitude depends on the degree of
damping.

State what is meant by resonance.

4.3.6

Natural frequency is the frequency that an object will oscillate at when


no other force acts other than the restoring force.
A forced oscillation occurs when an object is made to oscillate by
another force other than the normal restoring force.

Describe graphically the variation with forced frequency of the amplitude


of vibration of an object close to its natural frequency of vibration.

4.3.5

Different degrees of damping


Critical damping occurs when an object returns to its mean position
but does not overshoot.
Importance of critical damping

State what is meant by natural frequency of vibration and forced


oscillations.

4.3.4

Damping involves a force that is always in the opposite direction to the


direction of motion of the oscillating particle and that the force is a
dissipative force.
Damping transfers energy away from the object that is oscillating.

Resonance occurs when an object capable of oscillating, has a force


applied to it with a frequency equal to its natural frequency of
oscillation.
A very large amplitude results.

Describe examples of resonance where the effect is useful and where it


should be avoided.

Resonance is useful when pushing a child on a spring and harmful if


resonance creates a large vibration in a machine.

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