QUANTITATIVE TESTS

ALBUMIN

METHOD

PRINCIPLE

REAGENTS

RESULT

ESBACHS TEST (TSUCHIYAS

MODIFICATION)

PRECIPITATION BY
CHEMICAL AGENTS OR
COAGULATION BY
HEAT

(a) ESBACHS REAGENTS

PICRIC ACID
CITRIC ACID
(b) TSUCHIYAS REAGENTS
PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID
(CRYSTALS)
95% ALCOHOL
HYDROCHLORIC ACID

SHEVKY &STAFFORDS
METHOD

PRECIPITATION

KINGSBURYS TEST (LIFE

INSURANCE METHOD

TURBIDITY

TSSUCHIYAS REAGENTS
PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID
(CRYSTALS)
95% ALCOHOL
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
3% SULFOSALICYLIC ACID

NEGATIVE: NO CLOUDINESS
TRACE: BARELY VISIBLE
CLOUDINESS
1+: DEFINITE CLOUD W/O
GRANULAR FLOCCULATION
2+: HEAVY AND GRANULAR
CLOUD W/O GRANULAR
FLOCCULATION
3+: DENSE CLOUD W/
MARKED FLOCCULATION
4+: THICK CURDY
PRECIPITATION AND
COAGULATION
APPEARANCE OF
MODERATE CLOUD

TRACE: CLOUDINESS
1+: DENSE CLOUDINESS
2+: CLOUDINESS W/
GRANULES AND DEFINITE
FLOCCULATION
3+: CLOUDINESS WITH
FLOCCULATION
4+: CLOUDINESS W/
PRECIPITATE

KINGSBURY-CLARK METHOD
(SULFOSALICYLIC ACID TEST)

PRECIPITATION BY
CHEMICAL AGENTS

3% AQUEOUS SULFOSALICYLIC ACID

KWILECKIS TEST OR
KWILECKIS MODIFICATION
OF ESBACHS

SEDIMENTATION

10% FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION

ESBACHS REAGENTS
PICRIC ACID
CITRIC ACID

PRUDYS METHOD

PRECIPITATION

50% ACETIC ACID

10%POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE

NEGATIVE 7.5 mg/100mL

TRACE UP TO 20 mg/mL
1+
- UP TO 30 mg/mL
2+
- UP TO 50 mg/mL
3+
- UP TO 75 mg/mL
NEGATIVE: NO CLOUDINESS
TRACE: BARELY VISIBLE
CLOUDINESS
1+: DEFINITE CLOUD W/O
GRANULAR FLOCCULATION
2+: HEAVY AND GRANULAR
CLOUD W/O GRANULAR
FLOCCULATION
3+: DENSE CLOUD W/
MARKED FLOCCULATION
4+: THICK CURDY
PRECIPITATION AND
COAGULATION
TRACE: CLOUDINESS
1+: DENSE CLOUDINESS
2+: CLOUDINESS W/
GRANULES AND DEFINITE
FLOCCULATION
3+: CLOUDINESS WITH
FLOCCULATION
4+: CLOUDINESS W/
PRECIPITATE

GLUCOSE

METHOD

PRINCIPLE

REAGENTS

RESULTS

BENEDICTS TEST

COLORIMETRY/TITRATION

COPPER SULFATE
SODIUM CARBONATE
POTASSIUM SULFOCYANATE
SOLUTION

GRAMS IN 24 HOURS

FEHLINGS TEST

COLORIMETRY

FEHLINGS SOLUTION

ROBERTS FERMENTATION TEST

FERMENTATION

WALNUT, CORK NICK

EINHORN FERMENTATION
SACCHAROMETER

DENSITY/COLORIMETRY

FRESH YEAST

MILLARD SMITH MICRO

MODIFICATION

PRECIPITATION

DEPENDS ON URINE VOLUME,

1 CC. URINE = 1 mg. OF GLUCOSE
100 CC OF URINE = 100 mg. OF
GLUCOSE

SMOGYI METHOD

PHOTOMETRIC METHOD

BENEDICTS VOLUMETRIC
REAGENTS
COPPER SULFATE
ANHYDROUS SODIUM
CARBONATE
POWDERED PUMICE
ANHYDROUS SODIUM
CARBONATE

REAGENTS

RESULTS

METHOD

0.1 CC. OF URINE = 0.005 gm OF

SUGAR
1 CC. OF URINE = 0.05 gm. OF
SUGAR
100 CC. OF URINE = 5 gm. OF
SUGAR
*5% OF SUGAR IN URINE
THE DIFFERENCE OF THE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY INDICATES
THE NUMBER OF GRAINS OF
SUGAR PER FLUID OUNCE

CALCULATION OF
ABSORBANCE THAT
CORRESPONDS TO 0.1 mL OF
TESTS

PENTOSE
PRINCIPLE

BIALS TEST (OCINOL)

COLORIMETRIC METHOD

BIALS REAGENT

TAUBERS TEST

COLORIMETRIC METHOD

BENZIDIN
GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

TOLLENS TEST
(PHLOROGLUCINOL REACTION)

COLORIMETRIC METHOD &

PRECIPITATION

COLE TEST

COLORIMETRIC METHOD

CONCENTRATED
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
POWDERED PHLOROGLUCINOL
1, 3, 5, TRIHYDROXY-BENZOATE
MERCK BLOOD CHARCOAL

ABSENCE OF SUGAR: NO
CHANCE IN COLOR
TRACE: PALE GREEN WITH
SLIGHT CLOUDY
1+: GREEN W/ DEFINITE
CLOUDY
2+: YELLOW TO ORANGE
PRECIPITATE W/ SUPERNATANT
FLUID PALE BLUE
3+: ORANGE TO RED
SUPERNATANT FLUID PALE
BLUE
4+: BRICK RED PRECIPITATE
SUPERNATANT DECOLORIZED
ABSENCE OF SUGAR: NO
CHANCE IN COLOR
TRACE: PALE GREEN WITH
SLIGHT CLOUDY
1+: GREEN W/ DEFINITE
CLOUDY
2+: YELLOW TO ORANGE
PRECIPITATE W/ SUPERNATANT
FLUID PALE BLUE
3+: ORANGE TO RED
SUPERNATANT FLUID PALE
BLUE
4+: BRICK RED PRECIPITATE
SUPERNATANT DECOLORIZED
ELEMENTAL SILVER
PRECIPITATING OUT OF
SOLUTION
ABSENCE OF SUGAR: NO
CHANCE IN COLOR
TRACE: PALE GREEN WITH

ANILINE TEST

FERMENTATION & FILTRATION

GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

ANILINE CHLOROFORM

SLIGHT CLOUDY
1+: GREEN W/ DEFINITE
CLOUDY
2+: YELLOW TO ORANGE
PRECIPITATE W/ SUPERNATANT
FLUID PALE BLUE
3+: ORANGE TO RED
SUPERNATANT FLUID PALE
BLUE
4+: BRICK RED PRECIPITATE
SUPERNATANT DECOLORIZED
ABSENCE OF SUGAR: NO
CHANCE IN COLOR
TRACE: PALE GREEN WITH
SLIGHT CLOUDY
1+: GREEN W/ DEFINITE
CLOUDY
2+: YELLOW TO ORANGE
PRECIPITATE W/ SUPERNATANT
FLUID PALE BLUE
3+: ORANGE TO RED
SUPERNATANT FLUID PALE
BLUE
4+: BRICK RED PRECIPITATE
SUPERNATANT DECOLORIZED