I.

AquaticEnvironment
A.Vocabulary
1. salinityamountsofvarioussaltsdissolvedinH2O
2. planktonweaklyswimming,freefloatinggroupsoforganisms
3. zooplanktonherbivoresthatfeedonphytoplankton
B.PhotosynthesisinEuphoticZone
temperature,accesstosunlight,dissolvedoxygenandavailabilityofnutrients
determineorganismsintheselayers
nutrientsinshallowwaters
II.SaltwaterLifeZones
A.Vocabulary
estuaryriversmeettheocean
intertidalzonebetweenhighandlowtides
barrierislandslow,narrow,sandyislandsthatformoffshoreacoastline
B.CoastalZones
contains90%ofmarinespecies
coastalzonehashighNPP
estuariesmostproductiveecosystemsbecauseofhighnutrientsinput
III.FreshwaterLifeZones
A.Vocabulary
lakeslargenaturalbodiesofstandingfreshwaterformedwhenprecipitation,
runoffandgroundwaterseepagefilldepressionsintheearthssurface

 watershedlandareathatdeliversrunoff,sediment,anddissolvedsubstancesto
streams
sourcezoneheadwatersusuallyshallow,cold,clear,swiftlyflowinglack
phytoplanktonandnutrients
transitionzoneheadwaterstreamsmergetoformwider,deeperandwarmer
streamscloudy,slow,lessO2
floodplainzonestreamsjoinintowider,deeperriversacrossbroad,flatvalleys
producersmuddy
Littoralzone:toplayerofalake.nearshoreandhasshallow,sunlitwaters
limneticzoneopen,sunlitwatersurfacelayerawayfromthesorethatextendsto
depth.Mainphotosyntheticbodyoflake
profundalzonedeep,oceanwaterstoodarkforphotosynthesis
benthiczonedecomposers,detritusfeeders,andfishfromonezonetoanother
overturnswatersatlayersoflakesmix,whichequalizesthetemperaturesof
lakes
oligotrophiclakenewlyformedlakewithsmallsupplyofplantnutrientsoften
deeplowNPP
eutrophiclakehaslarge/excessivesupplyofnutrientsneededbyproducers
murkywater
culturaleutrophicationshumaninputsofnutrientsacceleratinglakes
eutrophication
causesofdepressions:glaciation,crustaldisplacement,volcanicactivity,etc.

 mesotrophiclakefallbetween22extremesofnutrientenrichment
deltas/wetlandsabsorbandslowvelocityoffloodwaters

Summary:Chapter6discussedaquaticbiodiversityinareaslikeoceansandlakes.It
discussedthedifferentlayerstolakes,whicharethe:littoralzone,limneticzone,profundal
zone,andbenthiczone.Thelittoralzoneisclosesttotheandabsorbsthemostsunlight.The
limnenticzoneisopenandhassunlitwatersandistheplacewheremostphotosynthesis
occurs.Theprofundalisdeepandtoodarkforplants,andthebenthiciswherefishgofrom
onezonetotheother.Overturnscausethelayerstomix,whichisgoodsinceitgives
nutrientstotheplants.Thischapteralsodiscusseddifferenttypesoflakes,suchasthe
eutrophic,whichhasalargesupplyofnutrients,andtheoligotrophic,whichisanewlyformed
lakewithlittlenutrients.Aquaticbiodiversityisjustasimportantaslandbiodiversityandis
verycomplex.

Themajorfiguresinthischapter:

Figure65(130)Thesearethemajorlifezonesofanocean,howeveractualdepthsmayvary.