behaviour increase the strength up to 10% according to the geometry.

The practical conservative estimation of the concentration factor, see Eq. (2.1.1), can be
precised by introduction of the effective area into the calculation; into the procedure Eq.
(2.1.1) - (2.1.3). This leads however to an iterative procedure and is not recommended for
practical purposes.
The grout quality and thickness is introduced by the joint coefficient j, see SBR (1973). For
j = 2 / 3, it is expected the grout characteristic strength is not less than 0,2 times the
characteristic strength of the concrete foundation f c.g 0,2 f c and than the thickness of the
grout is not greater than 0,2 times the smaller dimension of the base plate tg 0,2 min (a ; b).
In cases of different quality or high thickness of the grout tg 0,2 min (a ; b), it is necessary
to check the grout separately. The bearing distribution under 45 can be expected in these
cases, see Figure 2.1.4., (Bijlaard, 1982).
The influence of packing under the steel plate can be neglected for the design (Wald at al,
1993). The influence of the washer under plate used for erection can be also neglected for
design in case of good grout quality fc.g 0,2 f c. In case of poor grout quality fc.g 0,2 f c it is
necessary to take into account the anchor bolts and base plate resistance in compression
separately.
washer under
base plate

tg

tg

t
tg
h

45

tg

45

packing

Figure 2.1.4 The stress distribution in the grout

2.1.3.2

Stiffness

The elastic stiffness behaviour of the T-stub components concrete in compression and plate in
bending exhibit the interaction between the concrete and the base plate as demonstrated for
the strength behaviour. The initial stiffness can be calculated from the vertical elastic
deformation of the component. The complex problem of deformation is influenced by the
flexibility of the base plate, and by the concrete block quality and size.

2.5