.

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

K bi: Trung tm Thng tin

Email: ttth@moc.gov.vn
C quan: B Xy dng
Thi gian k: 13.01.2015 14:32:38 +07:00

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA
V H THNG IN CA NH V NH CNG CNG
National Technical Regulation on Electrical Installations
of Dwelling and Public Buildings

H NI 2014

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
MC LC
Trang
5

Quy nh chung

1.1

Phm vi iu chnh

1.2

i tng p dng

1.3

Ti liu vin dn

1.4

Gii thch t ng

1.5

Cc ch vit tt

Quy nh v k thut

2.1

H thng ng dn in v thit b in

2.2

H thng ni t v dy dn bo v

16

2.3

Cch ly, ng ct mch in v dch v an ton

18

2.4

Bo v chng in git

21

2.5

Bo v chng tc ng nhit

23

2.6

Bo v chng qu dng in

26

2.7

Bo v chng nhiu in p v nhiu in t

29

2.8

Bo v chng st

31

2.9

u ni cc ngun in ring

33

2.10

Trang b in trong cc khu vc c bit

34

Quy nh v kim tra

41

3.1

Cc yu cu chung

41

3.2

Yu cu i vi kim tra trc quan

41

3.3

Yu cu i vi kim tra bng th nghim

42

T chc thc hin

43

Ph lc A

(Quy nh) - Gii hn th tch trong tm vi

44

Ph lc B

(Quy nh) - Cp bo v ca thit b in

45

Ph lc C

(Quy nh) - Chiu sng nhn to

47

Ph lc D

(Quy nh) - Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x

56

Ph lc

(Quy nh) Cc loi s ni t

59

Ph lc E

(Quy nh) H thng ni t v dy dn bo v

62

Ph lc G

(Quy nh) - Vt liu v kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t

64

lm in cc ni t
Ph lc H

(Quy nh) - Cc gi tr ca h s k i vi dy dn

Ph lc I

(Quy nh) - Qu in p tm thi pha h p khi c ngn mch chm t

65
66

pha cao p ca my bin p

Ph lc K

(Quy nh) - Yu cu i vi qu in p tm thi

68

Ph lc L

(Quy nh) - in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b

69

Ph lc M

(Quy nh) - Vt liu v kch thc cc phn t ca LPS bn ngoi

70

Ph lc N

(Quy nh) Phn loi cc vng theo mc nguy him v in

72

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Li ni u

QCVN 12:2014/BXD do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin

son vi s h tr ca cc chuyn gia thuc Hip hi ng Quc
t khu vc ng Nam (International Copper Association
Southeast Asia), V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng trnh
duyt, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh thm nh, B Xy dng ban
hnh km theo Thng t s 20/2014/TT-BXD ca B trng B
Xy dng ngy 29 thng 12 nm 2014.

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V H THNG IN

CA NH V NH CNG CNG
National Technical Regulation on Electrical Installations of Dwelling and Public Buildings
1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v k thut bt buc phi tun th khi thit k, xy dng
mi hoc ci to v sa cha h thng in ca nh v nh cng cng.
CH THCH: Cp in p cao nht c cp n trong Quy chun ny khng vt qu 1 000 V, tn s 50 Hz.

1.2 i tng p dng

Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan n hot ng thit k, xy
dng h thng in ca nh v nh cng cng.
1.3 Ti liu vin dn
Cc tiu chun vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng Quy chun ny. Trng hp cc ti
liu vin dn c sa i, b sung th p dng phin bn mi nht.
TCVN 9888-1:2013 (IEC 62305-1:2010) Bo v chng st. Phn 1: Nguyn tc chung;
TCVN 9888-3:2013 (IEC 62305-3:2010) Bo v chng st. Phn 3: Thit hi vt cht n kt cu
v nguy him tnh mng;
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006 (IEC 60364-7-710:2002) H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh. Phn 7710: Yu cu i vi h thng lp t c bit hoc khu vc c bit - Khu vc y t.
1.4 Gii thch t ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc t, cm t di y c hiu nh sau:
1.4.1
H thng in ca nh v nh cng cng (sau y gi tt l h thng in nh)
T hp cc ng dn in, thit b in, h thng ni t v dy dn bo v t im cp in
ca ta nh n cc im tiu th.
1.4.2
ng dn in
T hp gm dy dn, thanh dn, cp v cc ph kin bt, gi, u ni, v bo v v bao che
(ng, hp).
1.4.3
H thng ng dn in
T hp cc ng dn in.
1.4.4
Mch in
T hp cc dy dn v thit b in do mt u ngun cp in v c bo v bi cng mt
hoc mt nhm thit b bo v qu dng in.
1.4.5
5

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Dy dn in c v cch in (sau y gi tt l dy dn)
Rut kim loi dn in nm trong v cch in.
1.4.6
Dy dn ti in
Dy dn ti in nng, gm cc dy pha v dy trung tnh. Trong Quy chun ny rut kim loi
ca cc dy dn ti in phi lm bng ng.
1.4.7
Dy dn bo v (sau y gi tt l dy PE)
Dy dn in ni cc v kim loi ca cc thit b s dng in v ph kin vi cc ni t ti ni
lp t thit b s dng in hoc vi im trung tnh ni t ca ngun cp in.
1.4.8
Cp in (sau y gi tt l cp)
T hp gm:
a)

Mt hoc nhiu dy dn;

b)

V bo v ring cho tng dy dn (c th c hoc khng);

c)

V bo v chung (c th c hoc khng);

d)

o gip bo v chung cho c si cp (c th c hoc khng);

) V bo v ngoi.
1.4.9
Thanh dn
Thanh kim loi dng dn in.
1.4.10
ng lun dy
ng bng vt liu c bn c ph hp, c s dng lun dy dn, cp.
1.4.11
Hp lun dy
Ph kin c chc nng nh ng lun dy, nhng tit din hnh ch nht, c np.
1.4.12
T phn phi in chnh
T t cc thit b phn phi in b tr u ng dy cp in vo nh.
1.4.13
T phn phi in ph
T t cc thit b phn phi in b tr sau t phn phi in chnh cp in cho mt phn
nh.
1.4.14

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Thit b iu khin
Thit b dng thc hin cc tc ng ln cc thit b in nhm t nhng mc ch nht nh.
1.4.15
My ct in (sau y gi tt l my ct)
Thit b kt ni c th ng, ct, chu c dng in ph ti khi lm vic bnh thng v dng
in ngn mch.
1.4.16
in cc ni t
B phn dn in c t trc tip trong t hoc trong mi trng dn in c tip xc vi
t.
1.4.17
Thit b ng ct
Thit b dng ng hoc ct mch in.
1.4.18
Bo v chng in git
Cc bin php bo m an ton cho ngi ty theo cng dng in v thi gian dng in
i qua c th ngi. Bo v chng in git bao gm cc loi sau y:
a)

Bo v chnh: Bo v chng in git khi thit b khng c h hng cch in;

b)

Bo v khi c h hng cch in: Bo v chng in git khi thit b c h hng cch in;

c)

Bo v b sung: B sung cho bo v chnh v bo v khi c h hng cch in.

1.4.19
Dch v an ton
Cng tc cp in duy tr s hot ng ca mt s thit b ch yu nhm bo v con ngi
khi c nguy him.
1.4.20
Dao cch ly
Thit b kt ni, khi v tr ct n to mt khong cch ly an ton. Dao cch ly khng ng hoc
ct dng in ph ti nhng chu c dng in ph ti trong thi gian di v chu c dng
in ngn mch trong mt thi gian ngn theo quy nh.
1.4.21
Dao ph ti
Thit b kt ni, c th ng, ct, chu c dng in ph ti. Dao ph ti c th ng vo ngn
mch v chu dng in ngn mch trong mt thi gian ngn theo qui nh, nhng khng ct
c dng in ngn mch.
1.4.22
Dng in d

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Tng i s ca cc tr s tc thi ca cc dng in i trong tt c cc dy dn ti in ti mt
im nht nh ca mch in. Khi thit b lm vic bnh thng, dng in d bng tng cc
dng in r. Khi c s c cch in, dng in d bng dng in s c cng vi cc dng
in r.
1.4.23
Dng in r
Dng in i xung t hoc qua cc phn t c tnh dn in bn ngoi xung t trong khi
thit b in lm vic bnh thng.
1.4.24
Thit b bo v theo dng in d (sau y gi tt l RCD)
Thit b bo v ct mch in khi dng in d tng n mt gi tr nht nh.
1.4.25
Tip xc trc tip
Tip xc ca con ngi vi mt b phn c in th trong khi b phn ny lm vic bnh thng.
1.4.26
Th tch trong tm vi
Th tch khng gian bn trn, xung quanh v bn di mt b mt m ngi ang ng hoc i
li trn c th vi ti c bng tay, khng cm dng c g. Gii hn th tch trong tm vi
c th hin ti Ph lc A.
1.4.27
Tip xc gin tip
Tip xc ca con ngi vi v kim loi ca thit b, khi cch in gia phn c in th v v
kim loi b h hng.
1.4.28
V kim loi ca thit b
B phn kim loi bao bc bn ngoi thit b, c tnh dn in, c kh nng tip xc vo. Bnh
thng v ny khng c in th, nhng khi cch in b h hng v ny tr nn c in th.
1.4.29
Thanh ci
Thanh dn c tit din ln.
1.4.30
Thanh gp
Thanh ci nhiu mch in ring r c th u ni vo,
1.4.31
in p siu thp (sau y gi tt l ELV)
in p xoay chiu khng ln hn 50 V.
1.4.32
8

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
in p siu thp tch bit (sau y gi tt l SELV)
ELV c ngun, dy dn v thit b s dng in khng ni vi cc mch in khc v khng ni
vi t.
1.4.33
in p siu thp c bo v (sau y gi tt l PELV)
ELV c ni t bo v.
1.5 Cc ch vit tt
1.5.1 ELV (Extra-Low Voltage) - in p siu thp.
1.5.2 IP (Index Protection) - ch s bo v.
1.5.3 IT - mt loi s ni t (xem Ph lc ).
1.5.4 LPS (Lightning Protection System) - h thng chng st.
1.5.5 N (Neutral) - dy trung tnh.
1.5.6 PE (Protective Earthing) - dy dn bo v.
1.5.7 PELV (Protective Extra-Low Voltage) - in p siu thp c bo v.
1.5.8 RCD (Residual Current Device) - thit b bo v dng in d.
1.5.9 SELV (Separated Extra-Low Voltage) - in p siu thp tch bit.
1.5.10 SPD (Surge Protection Device) - thit b bo v chng qu in p t bin.
1.5.11 TN-S - mt loi s ni t (xem Ph lc ).
1.5.12 TT mt loi s ni t (xem Ph lc ).
2. QUY NH V K THUT
2.1 H thng ng dn in v thit b in
2.1.1 Yu cu chung
Phng php lp t, cc iu kin lin quan n h thng ng dn in, thit b in phi
p ng yu cu m bo an ton cho h thng in v cho ngi s dng, tip cn d dng
kim tra, sa cha, thay th.
2.1.2 Yu cu v phng php lp t h thng ng dn in
2.1.2.1 Phi p dng phng php lp t h thng ng dn in ph hp p ng yu
cu v kh nng ti dng in ca cc dy dn.
2.1.2.2 Khng c s dng cp mt rut c o gip bo v bng si thp hoc bng thp cho
mch in xoay chiu ba pha. Tt c cc dy dn ti in v dy PE ca cng mt mch in ba
pha xoay chiu t trong ng, hp bng vt liu st t phi c a vo cng mt ng, hp.
2.1.2.3 Trng hp nhiu mch in i trong mt ng ng hoc hp, tt c cc dy dn phi
c cch in tng ng vi in p danh nh cao nht.
2.1.2.4 Trng hp nhiu mch in i trong mt si cp, tt c cc dy dn ca si cp phi
c cch in tng ng vi in p danh nh cao nht.
2.1.2.5 Cc dy dn ca mt mch in khng c phn b trn nhiu si cp c nhiu rut
khc nhau v trong ng, hp, mng, thang cp khc nhau; tr trng hp cp nhiu rut to
9

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
thnh mt mch v c lp t song song c cha mt dy dn ca mi pha v dy trung tnh
(nu c).
2.1.2.6 Khng cho php dng mt dy trung tnh chung cho nhiu mch in chnh, tr khi dy
pha v dy trung tnh nhn bit c v c thit b cch ly tt c cc dy dn ti in.
2.1.2.7 Khi nhiu mch in cng u vo mt hp u dy th cc u dy ca mi mch phi
c vch ngn cch in.
2.1.2.8 Phi dng dy mm u in cho thit b c kh nng phi dch chuyn tm thi.
Phi dng ng mm bo v dy mm.
2.1.2.9 Cc dy dn khng c v bo v phi lun trong ng, hp.
2.1.3 Yu cu i vi h thng ng dn in theo cc iu kin bn ngoi
2.1.3.1 Phi thc hin cc bin php cn thit bo v mi b phn ca ng dn in chng
cc nh hng t bn ngoi.
2.1.3.2 Phi bo m cho ng dn in lm vic trong phm vi di nhit gia nhit cao
nht v thp nht ti ni lp t v khng b vt qu nhit gii hn khi lm vic bnh thng
v nhit gii hn khi c s c. Cc b phn ca h thng ng dn in ch c lp t v
thao tc ti nhit nm trong gii hn do nh sn xut quy nh.
2.1.3.3 ng dn in phi c chn bng tm cch nhit hoc t cch xa ngun nhit
hoc s dng cc b phn chu c s tng thm nhit c th xy ra hoc tng cng ti
ch bng vt liu chu nhit.
2.1.3.4 Phi m bo cho h thng ng dn in c cp bo v (quy nh ti Ph lc B) thch
hp vi ni lp t; khng b h hng do nc ngng t hoc nc xm nhp; v bo v v v
cch in ca cp lp t c nh cn nguyn vn v phi c bin php c bit i vi cp t
di nc hoc b ht nc thng xuyn.
2.1.3.5 Phi gim thiu mi nguy him do c vt rn t bn ngoi xm nhp; phi c bin php
ngn cn bi hoc cc cht khc tch t vi s lng ln lm gim kh nng tn nhit ca
ng dn in.
2.1.3.6 Phi bo v chng n mn hoc s dng vt liu chu c cc cht n mn, nhim
cho cc b phn ca ng dn in. Khng c cc kim loi khc nhau c th gy ra
phn ng in phn tip xc vi nhau, tr khi c bin php c bit trnh cc hu qu ca
s tip xc .
2.1.3.7 Phi bo v chng cc h hi do tc ng c cho ng dn in c nh. Khi u cp
v dy dn vo thit b in khng c lm suy gim cp bo v ca thit b in.
2.1.3.8 Phi m bo cho h thng ng dn in c hoc bt c nh vo cc kt cu
ca thit b c rung, c bit l thit b rung. Cc thit b s dng in kiu treo (nh qut
trn, chm n) phi c u ni bng dy dn mm.
2.1.3.9 Phi c bin php khng lm h hng cp, dy dn, cc u cp; trnh tc ng c
cho dy dn, mi ni trong qu trnh lp t, s dng hoc bo dng v chng h hng ng
dn in chn ngm di sn nh; chng h hi v c khi cp, thanh dn v dy dn i qua
im co gin, xuyn qua tng ngn.
2.1.3.10 Khng c dng cc cht bi trn c cha silicon lun dy, ko dy trn mng
hoc thang. ng lun dy dn t ngm trong kt cu xy dng phi lp t hon chnh gia
cc im tip cn c trc khi a dy dn hoc cp vo, tr trng hp cm ng i dy sn

10

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
c ch to ring cho mc ch ny. Bn knh cong ko dy dn v cp khng c lm hi
n dy dn v cp.
2.1.3.11 Phi thc hin dy dn v cp khong cch thch hp dy dn v cp khng b
h hng do trng lng bn thn hoc do lc ng in ca dng in ngn mch (ch xt lc
ny i vi cp mt rut, tit din ln hn 50 mm2). Phi s dng dy dn hoc cp chu c
lc cng thng xuyn do trng lng bn thn khi i theo chiu thng ng.
2.1.3.12 ng dn in chn c nh trong tng phi i theo phng nm ngang, thng
ng hoc song song vi cnh tng. Cp, ng ng lun dy dn chn ngm di t phi
c bo v chng h hng v c hoc phi chn su v phi nh du.
2.1.3.13 Phi c bin php phng chng ph hp vi nhng ni ng dn in c nguy c b
h hi do thc vt, ng vt.
2.1.3.14 Phi c bin php bo v ng dn in chng tc ng ca bc x mt tri v bc
x cc tm.
2.1.3.15 ng dn in phi c thit k v lp t ph hp vi yu cu chng ng t ca
nh.
2.1.3.16 Phi s dng gi cp v h thng bo v c kh nng cho php dch chuyn tng
i dy dn v cp khng phi chu tc ng c khi kt cu nh c nguy c dch chuyn. Phi
dng ng dn in mm cho cc kt cu mm hoc cc kt cu d kin c dch chuyn.
2.1.4 Yu cu v kh nng ti dng in
2.1.4.1 Dng in ln nht i trong dy dn ca ng dn in ch lm vic bnh thng
trong thi gian di phi ph hp vi quy nh ca nh ch to dy dn.
2.1.4.2 Phi cn c vo gii hn nhit lm vic cho php thp nht ca si trong nhm dy
dn (hoc cp) c gii hn nhit lm vic cho php khc nhau, cng vi h s suy gim theo
nhm thch hp xc nh kh nng ti dng in ca cc dy dn (hoc cp) trong nhm.
2.1.4.3 Phi tnh ton h s suy gim ca cc dy dn trong mch in theo s lng dy dn
ti in. Trng hp mch in ba pha ti dng in cn bng (khi sng hi bc 3 hoc bi s l
ca 3 c mo hi tng khng ln hn 15 % bin ca dng in tn s c bn) th khng
cn phi tnh n dy trung tnh ca mch .
2.1.4.4 Phi c bin php phn b dng in ti gia cc dy dn ph hp vi kh nng ti
ca dy dn khi hai hoc nhiu dy dn ti in c mc song song, tr trng hp cc dy
dn lm t cng mt loi vt liu, c cng tit din v c di xp x nhau v khng c mch
r.
2.1.4.5 Trng hp khng th phn b dng in hoc phi mc song song t 4 dy dn tr ln
th phi xem xt n phng n dng thanh dn.
2.1.4.6 Phi xc nh kh nng ti dng in theo phn ca tuyn dy c iu kin bt li nht
v tn nhit, tr phn dy dn xuyn qua tng mt on nh hn 0,35 m.
2.1.4.7 Phi ni c hai u cc v kim loi v/hoc o gip bo v khng t tnh ca cc si cp
mt rut trong cng mt mch in ca tuyn dy. Trng hp cp c tit din rut ln hn 50
mm2 v v bc ngoi cng khng dn in th v kim loi v/hoc o gip bo v khng t tnh
c th ni vi nhau ti mt im trn ng i, nhng chiu di ca si cp t im ni phi
c gii hn theo iu kin an ton in p gia v hoc o gip bo v n t, cc u
khng ni vi nhau phi cch in.

11

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.1.5 Yu cu v tit din ca cc dy dn
2.1.5.1 Tit din ca dy pha trong cc mch xoay chiu khng c nh hn cc gi tr sau:
-

Cho mch chiu sng: 1,5 mm2;

Cho mch ng lc v chiu sng v mch dnh ring cho ng lc: 2,5 mm2;

Cho mch tn hiu v iu khin: 0,5 mm2;

Cho ng dn in t t in tng n t in ca cc cn h hoc phng: 4 mm2;

Cho ng dn in trc ng cp in cho mt hoc mt s tng: 6 mm2;

2.1.5.2 Tit din ca dy trung tnh

a) Dy trung tnh phi c tit din t nht bng tit din ca dy pha trong cc trng hp sau
y:
-

Trong mch in mt pha 2 dy;

Trong mch in ba pha, tit din ca dy pha nh hn hoc bng 16 mm2;

Trong mch in 3 pha c sng hi bc 3 v bi s l ca 3 v mo do cc sng hi ny

t 15 % n 33 % bin ca dng in tn s c bn;

b) Trng hp sng hi bc 3 v bi s l ca 3 gy ra mo ln hn 33 %, th phi chn tit

din ca dy trung tnh ln hn tit din ca dy pha;
c) i vi cc mch in ba pha m tit din ca dy pha ln hn 16 mm2, tit din ca dy
trung tnh c th nh hn tit din dy pha nu p ng ng thi cc iu kin sau:
-

Ph ti ca mch in l cn bng gia cc pha v sng hi bc 3 v bi s l ca 3 khng

vt qu 15 % bin ca dng in tn s c bn. Trong iu kin ny, tit din ca dy
trung tnh cng khng c nh hn 50 % tit din ca dy pha;

Dy trung tnh c bo v chng qu dng in;

Tit din ca dy trung tnh khng nh hn 16 mm2.

2.1.6 Yu cu i vi s ni t
H thng in nh khng c p dng cc s ni t ngoi cc cc s quy nh ti Ph
lc .
2.1.7 Yu cu v st in p ti ni tiu th
st in p gia im u cp in so vi mi thit b in trong h thng in nh khng
c ln hn 5% in p danh nh ca h thng in nh.
2.1.8 Yu cu v u ni in
Cc mi ni gia cc rut dn vi nhau v im u gia rut dn vi thit b phi m bo
thng in lin tc, lu di, bn c, c bo v thch hp, v phi tip cn c kim
tra, th nghim, bo tr, tr cc mi ni c thit k chn ngm di t, y hp cht
v mi ni gia dy lnh vi phn t gia nhit, mi ni bng cch hn hoc p, mi ni l mt
phn ca thit b in, p ng tiu chun ca thit b .
2.1.9 Yu cu v gim thiu chy lan i vi ng dn in
2.1.9.1 Trng hp c yu cu gim thiu chy lan th ng dn in phi s dng vt liu
gim thiu nguy c chy lan; khng c lm gim tnh nng ca kt cu cng trnh v an ton

12

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
chy. Cc loi cp khng c tnh nng chng chy lan ch c s dng ni t ng dn
in c nh ti thit b s dng in v khng c i t khoang cch ly ny sang khoang cch
ly khc. Cc b phn ca ng dn in khng thuc loi chng chy lan khi s dng phi c
v bc chng chy.
2.1.9.2 Phi lp kn khe h c bn trong v bn ngoi ng, hp lun dy, ni ng dn in
xuyn qua, bng vt liu c gii hn chu la ca b phn xy dng b xuyn qua , tr cc
ng, hp lun dy thuc loi khng chy, c tit din bn trong khng ln hn 710 mm2, p
ng ng yu cu th nghim i vi IP33 v cc u ng, hp i vo mt trong cc khoang b
xuyn qua c ngn cch bng kt cu xy dng. Vt liu lp kn phi chu c nh hng
t bn ngoi nh ng dn in v chu c tc ng ca nc, tc ng ca cc sn phm
do chy nh b phn xy dng.
2.1.10 Yu cu i vi ng dn in i lin k vi cc dch v khc
2.1.10.1 Khng c b tr cc mch in c in p thp v ELV trn cng mt ng dn,
tr khi:
a)

Mi si cp hoc dy dn trn ng dn in c cch in ng vi in p cao nht;

b)

Mi rut dn trong mt si cp nhiu rut c cch in ng vi in p cao nht c trong

si cp;

c)

Si cp c cch in ng vi in p ca n v c t trong mt ngn ring trong ng,

hp lun dy;

d)

Cc si cp t trn mng c vch ngn ring;

Dng ng, hp lun dy ring.

2.1.10.2 Khi ng dn in chn ngm giao cho hoc i gn ng dn truyn thng phi
m bo khong cch gia cc loi ng dn ny t nht l 100 mm hoc phi p ng mt
trong cc yu cu sau:
a)

Phn cch gia cc ng dn bng gch, b tng chu la hoc dng ng chu la;

b)

C bin php bo v v c gia cc ng dn khi giao cho.

2.1.10.3 ng dn in khng c t gn cc ng dn k thut phc v mc ch khc

c th gy hi cho ng dn in, tr khi c bo v thch hp.
2.1.10.4 Khng c t ng dn in trong khoang thang my, tr khi n l mt b phn
ca thang my.
2.1.11 Yu cu v lp t ng dn in lin quan n bo tr v lm sch
2.1.11.1 Vic lp t ng dn in phi ph hp vi yu cu bo tr, lm sch trong sut
vng i ca n.
2.1.11.2 Khi cn tho d mt bin php bo v no bo tr, lm sch th phi lp t tr
li m bo khng lm gim cp bo v ban u.
2.1.11.3 Phi m bo tip cn an ton n cc b phn cn bo tr, lm sch ca ng dn
in.
2.1.12 Yu cu v lp t t in, thit b bo v

13

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.1.12.1 Ti u vo nh phi lp t t phn phi in chnh, tr trng hp nhnh r t
ng dy trn khng vo nh lp t thit b bo v vi dng in tc ng khng ln hn
25 A.
2.1.12.2 Sau t phn phi in chnh phi lp t cc t phn phi in ph cp in cho cc
phn ca nh.
2.1.12.3 Phi lp t cc thit b iu khin, bo v ti cc t phn phi in tr trng hp ti
im bt u r nhnh c bo v v khi t phn phi in c cp in bng ng dy
ring.
2.1.12.4 Phi lp t thit b iu khin t phn phi in chnh ca ng dy cp in cho
cc nh hoc cc b phn ca nh cng cng.
2.1.12.5 Phi lp t cc t phn phi in phng dnh ring cho t in hoc trong cc hc
tng c kha. nhng v tr d b ngp nc, phi lp t t phn phi in cao hn mc
nc ngp cao nht c kh nng xy ra.
2.1.12.6 Trng hp khng c phng dnh ring th phi lp t t phn phi in trong cc
phng khc, cc tng hm kh ro, hoc trong tng k thut, nu cc v tr ny ngi qun l
tip cn c d dng, hoc trong cc phng ring ca nh c tng khng chy vi thi gian
chu la khng nh hn 45 min.
2.1.12.7 Khi lp t t phn phi in ngoi phng dnh ring lp t t in, phi p ng
cc yu cu sau:
a)

Lp t ch kh ro, thun tin v d ti thao tc, sa cha;

b)

Lp t trong hp, t hoc trong hc tng c ca bo v.

2.1.12.8 Khng c lp t t in di hoc trong phng v sinh, phng tm, ch ra,

phng git, phng c ha cht.
2.1.12.9 Khng c b tr cc np y, van, mt bch, ca thm d, vi ca ng ng dn
nc, ng thng gi, ng hi nng v cc loi hp k thut khc ni t t in. Khng c
t cc ng ng kh t v ng ng dn cht d chy i qua phng t t in.
2.1.12.10 Phng dnh ring lp t t phn phi in phi c thng gi v chiu sng
bng in; phi c cnh ca m ra pha ngoi v c kha.
2.1.13 Yu cu i vi vic lp t thit b in trong nh
2.1.13.1 Cc thit b in lp t trong nh phi ph hp vi in p ca mng cp in, iu
kin mi trng v yu cu s dng.
2.1.13.2 Phi s dng loi cm in c cc ni t an ton.
2.1.13.3 nhng ni dnh cho tr em, cm in v cng tc n phi t cao cch sn hon
thin 1,5 m, tr trng hp c cc bin php bo v an ton.
2.1.13.4 Trong cc ca hng, nh hng v nh cng cng khc, cc cng tc n chiu sng
bnh thng, chiu sng s c v thot him phi lp t cc ni ch c ngi qun l tip cn
c thao tc.
2.1.13.5 Phi s dng ng c in kiu kn.
2.1.13.6 Trng hp s dng ng c in kiu h phi lp t gian ring, c tng, trn v
sn nh bng vt liu khng chy v phi cch cc b phn chy c ca nh t nht l 0,5 m.

14

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.1.13.7 Phi lp t ng c in dng chung v cc thit b bo v, iu khin ca chng
ni ch c ngi qun l tip cn c.
2.1.13.8 Phi b tr cc nt bm iu khin thit b in dng chung ti ch vn hnh thun tin
v c nhn ghi phn bit.
2.1.13.9 Trng hp phi lp t ng c in tng p mi th khng c lp t trc tip
trn cc phng , phng lm vic v phi m bo mc n cho php theo cc quy nh hin
hnh.
2.1.14 Yu cu i vi ng dn in v thit b in cho chiu sng nhn to v cc
mc ch s dng khc
2.1.14.1 Tit din ca rut dy dn v cp khng c nh hn tr s quy nh ti mc 2.1.5
2.1.14.2 ng dn in phc v chiu sng bin qung co gn vi nh phi c thit b bo v
ct c ngun cp in khi xy ra s c h hng cch in, ngn mch hoc phi t kn
bn trong kt cu xy dng, hoc cp phi c v bc cch in t tiu chun v phi lun trong
ng nha chu lc v chu nhit, hoc phi c bin php bo v khc.
2.1.14.3 Phi cp in bng cc ng dn in ring t t phn phi in chnh cho h thng
chiu sng cu thang, li i chung, hnh lang v nhng phng khc ngoi phm vi cn h ca
nh .
2.1.14.4 Phi bo v ng dn in nhm chiu sng trong nh bng cu chy hoc my ct
vi dng in danh nh khng ln hn 25 A. i vi ng dn in cp in cho nhm cc
thit b chiu sng cc nh cng cng c cng sut ln cho php bo v bng cu chy hoc
my ct vi dng in danh nh n 63 A.
2.1.14.5 Trng hp cp in bng mt ng dn in nhm chung cho cc ng c in th
s lng ng c khng c qu bn, ng thi cng sut mi ng c khng c qu 3 kW.
2.1.14.6 Thit b chiu sng ca nh phi:
a) C ri ph hp loi cng vic, nhm phng v cng trnh theo quy nh ti Ph lc C;
b) p dng cc bin php hn ch chi la phn x theo quy nh ti Ph lc D.
2.1.14.7 Phi b tr ng dn in ring bit cho thang my v thang cun t t phn phi
in chnh hoc t t in dnh ring cho thang my v thang cun.
2.1.14.8 Phi gn thit b t ng khng ch mc nc vo mch iu khin ng c in ca
my bm nc vo b, thng cha.
2.1.14.9 Cc h thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh, un nc nng bng in tr phi c
cp in trc tip bng cc ng dn in ring t t phn phi in v phi c thit b bo v
ct in t ng.
2.2 H thng ni t v dy dn bo v
2.2.1 Cc yu cu chung
2.2.1.1 H thng ni t gm cc phn t chnh l in cc ni t, thanh ni t chnh (l u
ni hoc thanh gp ni cc thit b in vo h thng ni t) v dy dn ni t (l vt dn
ni thanh ni t chnh vi in cc ni t) c lin kt vi nhau v th hin ti Ph lc E.
2.2.1.2 H thng ni t phi:
a) Tin cy v ph hp vi cc yu cu bo v v vn hnh lu di ca thit b in;
15

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
b) C kh nng chu c dng in s c m khng gy nguy him cho ngi hoc h hng
thit b;
c) Khng b h hng cc b phn kim loi khc nhau do tc ng in phn;
2.2.2 Yu cu i vi in cc ni t
2.2.2.1 in tr ni t ca in cc trong h thng ni t iu kin bt li nht phi p
ng iu kin chng in git quy nh ti mc 2.4.2.3.
2.2.2.2 Khng c s dng ng ng dn cc cht c kh nng gy chy, n lm mt phn
ca in cc ni t.
2.2.2.3 Vt liu lm in cc ni t phi chng c n mn do in phn.
2.2.2.4 Vt liu v kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t lm in cc ni t phi p
ng quy nh ti Ph lc G.
2.2.3 Yu cu i vi thanh ni t chnh
2.2.3.1 Trong h thng ni t s dng lin kt bo v th cc dy dn sau y phi ni vi
thanh ni t chnh:
a) Dy dn ni t;
b) Dy PE;
c) Dy dn lin kt ng th bo v (sau y gi l dy dn lin kt bo v);
d) Dy dn ni t chc nng, nu c.
2.2.3.2 Thanh ni t chnh phi b tr ni d tip cn.
2.2.3.3 Thanh ni t chnh phi c kh nng tch tng dy dn ring r khi mi ni. Mi ni
phi chc chn v ch tch c bng dng c chuyn dng.
2.2.4 Yu cu i vi dy dn ni t
Tit din nh nht cho php ca dy dn ni t khng chn trong t phi ph hp vi tit din
ca dy PE c xc nh ti mc 2.2.5.1e. Trng hp chn trong t th phi tun theo cc tr
s quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Tit din nh nht cho php ca dy dn ni t chn trong t
Dy dn ni t

C bo v v c

C bo v chng n 2,5 mm2 i vi dy ng

mn
10 mm2 i vi dy thp
Khng c bo
chng n mn

Khng c bo v v c
16 mm2 i vi c dy ng v
dy thp

25 mm2 i vi dy ng

50 mm2 i vi dy thp

2.2.5 Yu cu i vi dy PE
2.2.5.1 Dy PE phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) Dy PE phi c bo v chng cc h hng v c, ho v in ho, chu c cc lc
ng in v tc ng nhit trong mi iu kin lm vic;

16

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
b) Trn dy PE khng c t thit b ng ct, v khng c b tr cc mi ni, tr cc mi
ni c th tch bng dng c chuyn dng;
c) Khng c dng v kim loi ca thit b lm mt phn ca dy PE cho cc thit b khc;
d) Cc mi ni ca dy PE phi c tip cn d dng kim tra v th nghim, tr cc mi
ni c bc kn hoc lp y bng cht n;
) Khi kim tra thng mch ca h thng ni t khng c mc ni tip cc thit b chuyn
dng (nh b tc ng cm bin, cun dy) vo dy PE;
e) Tit din ca dy PE khng nh hn cc tr s quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Tit din nh nht cho php ca dy PE
Tit din ca
dy dn pha, S
mm2

Tit din nh nht cho php ca dy PE tng ng

mm2
Dy PE bng ng

Dy PE bng thp

S 16

3S

16 < S 35

16

316

S > 35

S
2

S
2

2.2.5.2 Cc vt dn dng lm dy PE gm:

a) Dy dn trong cp nhiu rut;
b) Dy dn bc cch in hoc trn, nm trong cng mt v bo v vi dy dn ti in;
c) Dy dn trn lp c nh hoc dy dn c v cch in;
d) V cp hoc khung t in bng kim loi, li bc cp, v thp ca cp, dy thp bn, dy
dn ng trc, ng kim loi p ng ng thi cc yu cu sau:
-

Tnh lin tc v in c m bo bng cc kt cu hoc u ni thch hp, chng c

h hng v c cng nh n mn in ho;

u ni c vi cc dy PE khc im ni dy c xc nh trc;

Tit din khng nh hn gi tr quy nh ti Bng 2.

2.2.5.3 Dy PE khng phi l mt b phn ca cp hoc khng nm trong v bo v chung vi

dy pha th tit din khng c nh hn:
a) 2,5 mm2 cho dy dn c bo v c;
b) 4 mm2 cho dy dn khng c bo v c.
2.2.5.4 Dy PE dng chung cho nhiu mch in th tit din nh nht cho php phi xc nh
theo Bng 3 vi dng in s c v thi gian tn ti ng vi xung lng nhit (I2x t) ln nht.
2.2.5.5 Khng c dng cc b phn kim loi di y lm dy PE:
a) ng nc;
b) ng cha kh hoc cht lng d chy;
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QCVN 12:2014/BXD
c) Cc b phn, kt cu chu ng sut c khi lm vic bnh thng;
d) ng, b phn c th un, xon c (tr khi c thit k cho cc mc ch );
) Gi dy, dy treo dy dn.
2.2.5.6 Khi dy dn ni t bo v kt hp lm dy ni t chc nng th phi p ng ng
thi cc yu cu i vi dy PE v cc yu cu v ni t chc nng.
2.2.5.7 Nu dng thit b bo v qu dng bo v chng in git th dy PE phi nm trong
cng ng dn vi dy ti in.
2.2.6 Yu cu i vi dy dn lin kt bo v
2.2.6.1 Dy dn lin kt bo v ni vi thanh ni t chnh phi c tit din khng nh hn:
a) 6 mm2 i vi dy ng;
b) 50 mm2 i vi dy thp.
2.2.6.2 Dy dn lin kt bo v ni gia hai v kim loi ca thit b phi c kh nng dn in
bng hoc ln hn kh nng dn in ca dy PE c kh nng dn in nh nht ni vi cc v
thit b .
2.2.6.3 Dy dn lin kt bo v ni gia v kim loi ca thit b vi cc vt dn bn ngoi phi
c kh nng dn in khng nh hn 1/2 kh nng dn in ca dy PE tng ng.
2.3 Cch ly, ng ct mch in v dch v an ton
2.3.1 Thit b cch ly v ng ct
2.3.1.1 Phi s dng cc loi thit b sau cch ly v ng ct mch in:
a) Dao cch ly, cu dao ph ti, my ct;
b) Phch cm v cm;
c) Cu chy;
d) Cc u ni chuyn dng (khng cn tho dy dn ra).
2.3.1.2 Cc tip im ng ca mi thit b cch ly v ng ct nhiu cc cn phi khp ni c
kh m bo ng m ng thi, tr nhng tip im dng cho dy trung tnh c th ng trc
v m sau cc tip im khc.
2.3.1.3 Khng c lp t thit b cch ly v ng ct mt cc vo dy trung tnh bt k l
mch mt pha hay ba pha.
2.3.2 Dy PE ca mch in
2.3.2.1 Khng c lp t dy PE ca mch in xuyn qua mch t ca RCD.
2.3.2.2 Cc yu cu khc c lin quan n dy PE thc hin theo quy nh ti mc 2.2.5.
2.3.3 Yu cu v s dng cc loi RCD
2.3.3.1 RCD phi c kh nng cch ly c tt c cc dy dn ang c in ca mch m n
bo v.
2.3.3.2 Phi s dng RCD loi tc ng bng dng in, khng c s dng RCD loi tc
ng bng in p.

18

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.3.3.3 Khi lp t RCD cho mch ba pha khng c ph ti ba pha, phi s dng RCD cho tng
pha gim phm vi mt in khi ch c s c cc pha ring bit.
2.3.3.4 Phi s dng RCD c dng lm vic khng qu 30 mA lm bo v b sung cho thit b
in nhng mch in c s dng dng c cm tay.
2.3.4 Thit b bo v theo dng ngn mch
2.3.4.1 Dng in nh mc ca thit b bo v khng c nh hn dng in lm vic lu di
ln nht ca mch in.
2.3.4.2 Thit b bo v phi c kh nng ct c dng ngn mch ln nht.
2.3.5 Ct in khn cp
2.3.5.1 Trng hp cn ct ngun cp in ngn nga nguy him pht sinh ngoi d kin
phi lp t thit b ct khn cp cho b phn c lin quan ca h thng in.
2.3.5.2 Phi trang b cc phng tin ngng khn cp khi cc chuyn ng bng in lm tng
nguy him.
2.3.5.3 Cc thit b ct in khn cp phi ct c dng in ca cc phn thit b c lin
quan, c tnh n dng in ca ng c b hm.
2.3.5.4 Thit b ct in khn cp phi ct in c cho tt c cc dy dn c in.
2.3.5.5 Phi sn mu cc thit b dng ct in khn cp v b tr d dng nhn bit,
d dng tip cn v thao tc ct trc tip bng tay cc mch cp in khi iu kin cho php.
2.3.5.6 Khi thit b ct ra th phi c kha hoc cht li v tr ct v bo m khng c
kh nng t ng in tr li.
2.3.6 H thng in dng cho dch v an ton
2.3.6.1 Phi c h thng in ring duy tr hot ng cc b phn thit yu cho dch v an
ton lm vic mi thi im, mi iu kin.
2.3.6.2 Cc dch v an ton bao gm, nhng khng gii hn bi cc hng mc sau:
a) Chiu sng khn cp, thot him;
b) Bm cha chy;
c) Thang my cu h khi xy ra chy;
d) H thng bo ng (c chy, khi, kh CO, t nhp);
) H thng s tn;
e) H thng ht khi;
g) H thng qut tng p cu thang thot him;
h) Thit b y t thit yu.
2.3.6.3 Trong mch IT phi c thit b kim sot cch in lin tc pht tn hiu bng m
thanh v nh sng khi xut hin s c chm t u tin.
2.3.7 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton
2.3.7.1 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton (cqui, pin, t my pht in c lp, l ring c
lp vi l cp in bnh thng) phi c cng sut, tin cy, thi gian hot ng p ng
cn thit, thng s c trng v thi gian chuyn i thch hp theo quy nh.
19

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.3.7.2 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton phi c lp c nh v tr thch hp, c bin
php thng gi v thot kh thi ra ngoi mt cch an ton. S c ngun cp in bnh thng
khng c gy nh hng bt li cho ngun in ny.
2.3.7.3 Ngun in dng cho dch v an ton dng kt hp cho cc mc ch khc th khng
c gy nh hng n nhim v chnh. Phi c bin php khi c s c mch cung cp
in cho mc ch khc khng lm mt in ca dch v an ton.
2.3.7.4 Nu mt ngun dng cho dch v an ton cp in ng thi cho dch v an ton ca
nhiu to nh th s c trong cc dch v an ton ca mt ta nh khng c lm nh hng
n hot ng bnh thng ca ngun .
2.3.8 Yu cu i vi mch in dng cho dch v an ton
2.3.8.1 Mch in ca dch v an ton phi c lp vi cc mch khc.
2.3.8.2 Khi thit b c cp in t hai ngun khc nhau th s c xut hin trong mch ca
ngun ny khng c gy nh hng xu n bo v chng in git hoc hot ng ng
ca ngun kia. Thit b c dy PE th dy PE ny phi c ni vi dy PE ca c hai mch.
2.3.8.3 Trng hp ct qu ti lm mt ngun cp in c th gy ra mi nguy him ln hn th
thit b bo v chng qu ti khng c t ng ct ngun in m phi c bin php theo di
s xut hin ca qu ti khc phc.
2.3.8.4 Bo v chng ngn mch v chng in git trong iu kin bnh thng v trong
trng hp s c phi c m bo phng n u ni bt k vi ngun cp in bnh
thng v ngun dng cho dch v an ton.
2.3.8.5 Thit b bo v chng qu dng phi c chn v lp t sao cho khng qu dng
trong mt mch lm nh hng n hot ng ng ca mch dng cho dch v an ton.
2.3.8.6 T in ca dch v an ton phi c cch ly khi cc thnh phn ca h thng in
bnh thng v phi m bo kh nng chu chy trong thi gian quy nh.
2.3.8.7 Mch in ca dch v an ton khng c i qua cc v tr c ri ro chy, tr khi n
c lm t vt liu khng chy hoc c bo v thch hp. Trong mi trng hp, mch in
khng c i qua khu vc c ri ro n.
2.3.8.8 Phng tin ng ct v iu khin phi c lp thnh nhm, d dng nhn bit c,
t ti khu vc m ch nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c php tip cn.
2.3.8.9 Cp ca mch in dng cho dch v an ton khng phi loi chng chy hoc chng
nhiu phi c cch ly vi cc cp ca mch khc, k c cp ca mch an ton khc bng
khong cch hoc vt chn. Phi s dng cp chu chy ph hp vi quy nh ti mc 2.1.9
lp t sao cho m bo bn nhit v c cn thit.
2.3.8.10 Khng c lp t cc mch in dng cho dch v an ton trong khoang thang my
hoc cc loi ng thng hi, thng khi, tr cc cp dng cho thang my cu h khi xy ra chy
hoc thang my c yu cu c bit.
2.3.8.11 n chiu sng khn cp m bnh thng khng hot ng phi t ng hot ng khi
c s c mch cp in bnh thng trong khu vc t n. Vic chuyn i t ch bnh
thng sang ch khn cp phi c thc hin t ng khi in p ngun bnh thng thp
hn 60% in p danh nh trong thi gian vt qu 0,5 s v t ng tr v ch bnh thng
khi in p ca ngun bnh thng ln hn 85% in p danh nh.

20

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.3.8.12 Ngun in s dng cho chiu sng khn cp phi c kim sot ti t phn phi.
Quy nh ny khng p dng cho pin, cqui t np.
2.3.8.13 Trong h thng chiu sng khn cp, cc loi n phi tng thch vi thi gian
chuyn i duy tr mc chiu sng quy nh.
2.3.8.14 Ti v tr ng ct trung tm phi lp t thit b gim st v iu khin ngun cp in.
2.3.8.15 Gi tr ri nh nht chiu sng khn cp trn b mt li i v cu thang phi t 0,5
lx, cc gian phng, cc khu vc m phi t 0,2 lx.
2.4 Bo v chng in git
2.4.1 Yu cu v bo v chng in git do tip xc trc tip
Phi s dng mt trong cc bin php sau y:
2.4.1.1 Bao bc hon ton cc b phn mang in bng vt liu cch in t tiu chun sao
cho ch tho g ra c bng cch ph hy.
2.4.1.2 Dng ro chn hoc v bc lp c nh chc chn, m bo bn c, c cch ly vi
cc phn c in ph hp vi iu kin lm vic bnh thng, c xt n cc nh hng t bn
ngoi v phi s dng n dng c hoc cha kha mi c th tho ra c v c cp bo v
thp nht l IPXXB hoc IP2X ngn nga mi tip xc ca con ngi, vt nui vi phn c
in. Trng hp c nhng l m thay th mt phn thit b th phi c cc bin php ngn
nga tip xc v vi phn c in, ng thi phi c cnh bo trnh chm phi phn c
in;
Dng tm chn hoc v bc c cp bo v thp nht l IPXXD hoc IP4X b mt nm ngang
trn cng d tip cn;
Cc b phn c th tip cn ng thi m c cc in th khc nhau th khng t trong phm vi
gii hn th tch trong tm vi.
2.4.1.3 S dng vt cn c th tho ra c, nhng khng th b di chuyn ngu nhin bo
v nhng ni c ngi qua li hoc lm vic c th v tip xc vi vt mang in.
2.4.2 Yu cu v bo v chng in git do tip xc gin tip
2.4.2.1 Phi lp t thit b bo v qu dng in t ng ct mch in khi c s c.
2.4.2.2 i vi s TT v TN-S phi lp t RCD bo v chng s c chm v.
2.4.2.3 Phi c bin php m bo an ton trnh b tai nn in git i vi ngi theo iu
kin
RA x Ia 50

(1)

trong :
-

RA

l in tr ni t, tnh bng m ();

Ia l dng in tc ng ca thit b bo v, tnh bng ampe (A): i vi RCD, l dng in

d tc ng danh nh In; i vi bo v qu dng, l gi tr dng in tc ng ca bo v
ti 5 s;

50 l gi tr in p an ton, tnh bng vn (V) c chp nhn trong iu kin bnh thng.

2.4.2.4 Phi ni v kim loi ca thit b vi dy PE theo cc iu kin quy nh cho tng loi s
ni t ti Ph lc .
21

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.4.2.5 Phi ni lin kt ng th bo v ca nh vi dy PE, dy dn ni t hoc cc ni t,
cc phn t dn in bn ngoi. Dy dn dng lin kt ng th bo v phi ph hp vi quy
nh ti mc 2.2.6.
2.4.2.6 Bo v b sung:
a)

Phi ni lin kt ng th ph vi v kim loi ca thit b c th tip cn ng thi v b

phn c tnh dn in khng thuc h thng in nh, k c li tng cng bng kim loi
ca b tng ct thp. H thng lin kt ng th ph phi c ni vi dy PE ca tt c
thit b, k c dy PE ca cm.

in tr R, tnh bng m (), gia cc v kim loi ca thit b bt k v b phn dn in bt k

khng thuc h thng in nh ti nhng ni c th tip xc ng thi phi p ng iu kin

R
trong :

50
Ia

(2)

- Ia l dng in tc ng ca thit b bo v, tnh bng ampe (A): i vi RCD, l dng in d

tc ng danh nh In; i vi bo v qu dng, l gi tr dng in tc ng ca bo v ti 5 s;
-

50 l gi tr in p an ton (tnh bng vn) c chp nhn trong iu kin bnh thng.

b) Trng hp s dng RCD lm bo v b sung th dng in d tc ng danh nh khng

c vt qu 30 mA.
2.4.2.7 Bo v bng tch bit v in phi p ng cc iu kin sau:
a) Mi ngun cch ly vi t ch c cp cho mt thit b s dng in;
b) Mch in tch bit phi c cp t ngun in cch ly vi t v in p ca mch in
tch bit khng c vt qu 500 V;
c) Khng c ni cc b phn mang in ca mch in tch bit bt k im no vi cc
mch khc hoc vi t hoc dy PE;
d) Cp v dy mm ca mch in phi m bo kh nng kim sot c bng mt trn sut
chiu di c nguy c b h hng v c;
) Phi s dng h thng ng dn in ring cho cc mch in tch bit;
e) Trng hp s dng cc dy dn ca cng mt ng dn in cho mch in tch bit v
cc mch in khc th phi s dng cp nhiu rut khng bc bng kim loi hoc s dng
cc dy dn cch in nm trong ng, h thng ng ng hoc hp cch in p ng cc
iu kin sau:
-

Cch in cc dy dn phi p ng in p danh nh cao nht c trong si cp;

Phi t bo v qu dng cho tng mch in;

g) V kim loi ca thit b trong mch in tch bit khng c ni vi t hoc vi dy PE

cng nh vi v kim loi ca thit b trong mch khc.
h) Trng hp c nhiu hn mt thit b s dng in th ngoi cc yu cu nu cc im
t b n g, cn phi p ng cc quy nh sau:
-

Phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga bo v mch in khng b h hng cch in;

22

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
-

Cc v bng kim loi ca mch in, k c ca cm, phi c ni lin kt ng th vi

nhau bng dy dn cch in khng ni vi t, khng ni vi dy PE hoc v bng kim loi
ca mch khc;

Tt c cp mm (tr khi cp in cho thit b c cch in kp hoc cch in tng cng)

phi gm c dy PE s dng lm dy lin kt ng th nh nu ti gch u dng th
hai ca im ny;

Phi c bo v t ng ct mch in khi c s c hai im trn hai dy ni vi cc cc

u dy khc nhau ca ngun vi thi gian ct ln nht quy nh ti Bng 3.
Bng 3 - Thi gian ct ln nht p dng cho cc mch cui
c dng in danh nh khng qu 32 A
Thi gian tnh bng giy (s)
in p danh
nh, U
S ni t
V

50< U 120

120< U 230

230< U 400

U >400

TT

0,3

0,2

0,07

0,04

TN-S

0,8

0,4

0,2

0,1

2.4.2.8 in tr ni t phi m bo thit b bo v qu dng in v RCD lm vic c hiu

qu.
2.5 Bo v chng tc ng nhit
2.5.1 Yu cu chung
Phi thc hin cc bin php bo v con ngi, vt nui, cc thit b c nh, cc dng c v vt
liu t cnh cc thit b in, dy dn in chng cc hu qu c hi do nhit t thit b in,
dy dn in gy ra hoc do bc x nhit lm bc chy, h hng, c nguy c gy bng hoc
lm nh hng n vn hnh an ton.
2.5.2 Yu cu i vi bo v chng chy do thit b in v dy dn in gy ra
2.5.2.1 Thit b in c kh nng to ra nhit b mt gy nguy him chy cho cc vt liu, vt
dng lin k khi thit k, lp t c nh phi tun th mt trong cc yu cu sau y:
a) t trn b hoc trong v lm bng vt liu chu c nhit m thit b in to ra,
khng chy, c dn nhit thp v bn c;
b) c cch ly khi cc vt liu, vt dng lin k hoc cc phn t khc bng vt liu chu
c nhit m thit b in to ra, khng chy, c dn nhit thp v c chiu dy
bn c;
c) m bo khong cch ln n cc vt lin k hoc cc phn t khc cho php ta nhit
an ton. Mi phng tin thit b in c kh nng to nhit b mt u phi c
dn nhit thp.
2.5.2.2 Khi thit k, lp t h thng in nh phi:
a) S dng loi dy dn c tit din ph hp vi quy nh ti mc 2.1.5 v mc ti dng in
ph hp vi quy nh ti mc 2.1.4.2;
b) S dng RCD c dng tc ng ti a l 0,5 A;

23

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
c) m bo tng thch vi cc iu kin mi trng, tnh cht s dng, c im kin trc ca
nh v cc yu cu v k thut an ton, phng chng chy. nhng ni c nguy c chy
cao ng dn in v phng php lp t phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh ti cc
mc 2.1.2; 2.1.3.2 v 2.1.4.2.
2.5.2.3 Thit b in, dy dn in c kh nng to h quang hoc tia la in trong vn hnh
bnh thng, khi ni c nh phi p ng mt trong cc yu cu sau:
a) Bc kn ton b trong vt liu chu c h quang, tia la in, khng chy, c dn nhit
thp v c bn c;
b) Cch ly khi vt dng hoc cc phn t ca nh bng vt liu chu c h quang, tia la
in, khng chy, c dn nhit thp v c bn c;
c) Lp t vi mt khong cch m bo dp c h quang, tia la in.
2.5.2.4 Thit b in c kh nng gy ra tnh trng tp trung nhit hoc tch t nhit phi c
khong cch ln n cc vt lin k hoc cc phn t ca nh trong iu kin vn hnh
bnh thng khng to ra nhit nguy him cho cc vt v phn t ca nh.
2.5.2.5 i vi cc thit b in c cha t 25 l cht lng d chy tr ln t cng mt ni
phi thc hin cc bin php ngn chn chy cht lng v khng cho ngn la, khi, kh
c do chy lan ta sang cc b phn khc ca nh; ct c in nhanh nht khi xy ra chy.
2.5.2.6 Cc vt liu c lp t che chn xung quanh thit b in phi l cc vt liu c
dn nhit thp, kh chy, chu c nhit cao nht m thit b in c th to ra.
2.5.3 Cc bin php bo v chng chy t bn ngoi
2.5.3.1 Cc v tr ca h thng in nh b nh hng cc iu kin chy t bn ngoi phi tun
th cc yu cu c lin quan quy nh ti cc mc 2.5.1 v 2.5.2.
2.5.3.2 Vic thit k, lp t h thng in nh phi p dng cc bin php bo v ph hp vi
cc iu kin thot him an ton ca tng khu vc (khu vc c mt ngi thp, iu kin
thot kh k hiu l KV1; khu vc c mt ngi cao, iu kin thot d k hiu l KV2; khu
vc c mt ngi cao, iu kin thot kh k hiu l KV3) trong cc trng hp khn cp.
ng dn in khng c lp t trn cc li thot him. Trng hp bt buc phi lp t
th ng dn in phi:
a) C v bc hoc v che chn bo m trong hai gi khng b chy v gy chy;
b) Khng c nm trong phm vi gii hn th tch trong tm vi, tr khi c bo v chng
cc h hng c c th xy ra khi thot him;
c) C chiu di nh nht.
2.5.3.3 Trong cc khu vc KV2 v KV3, cc thit b ng ct, iu khin v bo v (tr cc thit
b in phc v cho vic s tn, thot him) phi b tr sao cho ch nhng ngi c trch nhim
mi tip cn c. Trng hp cc thit b ny lp t trong phm vi li i li, th chng phi
c t trong t hoc hp kn bng cc vt liu khng chy hoc kh chy.
2.5.3.4 Trong cc khu vc KV2, KV3 v trong cc li thot him, khng c s dng cc thit
b in c cha cc cht lng d chy, tr trng hp cc b phn ny c bc kn trong v
hoc hp chng chy. Cc t in ph tr ring l lp t trong thit b khng thuc i tng
iu chnh ca quy nh ny.
2.5.3.5 i vi khu vc c ri ro cao v chy:

24

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Phi hn ch s dng thit b in khu vc ny. Trng hp dy dn bt buc phi i qua
th phi c bc bng vt liu chng chy hoc c bin php phng nga khng gy ra
chy hoc lm lan truyn ngn la. Cc mi ni dy dn nu bt buc phi c th phi t
trong hp chng chy;
b) Phi c bin php ngn nga tch t bi trn v ca dy dn v thit b in;
c) Phi s dng thit b in c kt cu hoc iu kin lp t sao cho mc sinh nhit lc vn
hnh bnh thng hoc khi b s c khng th gy chy;
d) Khng c lp t thit b ng ct, bo v, iu khin v cch ly, tr khi c t trong v
bc c cp bo v t nht l IP4X;
) Cc ng c c iu khin t ng hoc iu khin t xa hoc khng c s gim st vn
hnh lin tc phi c bo v chng tng nhit qu mc bng cc thit b cm bin
nhit ;
e) n in phi c v bc vi cp bo v t nht l IP4X. Bng n v cc phn t ca thit b
chiu sng phi c bo v nhng ch d hng v c. Cc thit b bo v khng c
c nh trn ui n, tr khi ui n c thit k cho mc ch ny;
g) Mch in phi c gim st lin tc bng thit b theo di cch in v c cnh bo khi c
s c cch in;
h) Phi m bo cho cc b phn mang in ca mch in c ELV nm trong v bc c cp
bo v l IP2X hoc IPXXB v chu c in p th nghim c gi tr hiu dng 500 V trong
1 min;
i)

Phi thc hin cc bin php bo m cho thit b in khng th gy chy cho tng, sn
v trn ca nh;

k) Phi thc hin cc bin php ngn nga h thng in nh khng th gy chy lan i
vi cc kt cu c hnh dng, kch thc d lan truyn ngn la.
2.5.4 Yu cu v bo v chng bng do in
2.5.4.1 Nhit ca cc b phn chm ti c ca thit b in nm trong tm vi ca ngi
khng c t ti nhit c th gy bng cho ngi v c quy nh nh sau:
a) i vi phng tin cm tay thao tc th nhit b mt chm ti c khng c qu
55 0C nu lm t kim loi, v khng c qu 65 0C nu lm t vt liu phi kim loi;
b) i vi cc b phn ca thit b khng cm tay v c thit k chm vo th nhit b
mt chm ti c khng c qu 70 0C nu lm t kim loi, v khng c qu 80 0C
nu lm t vt liu phi kim loi;
c) i vi cc b phn ca thit b khng cn thit phi chm vo trong lc vn hnh bnh
thng th nhit b mt chm ti c khng c qu 80 0C nu lm t kim loi v
khng c qu 90 0C nu lm t vt liu phi kim loi.
2.5.4.2 Tt c cc b phn ca h thng in nh c kh nng t ti nhit vt qu cc gii
hn nu ti mc 2.5.4.1 u phi c bo v trnh tip xc ngu nhin gy bng cho ngi.
2.5.5 Yu cu v bo v chng qu nhit nhng ni to nhit
2.5.5.1 Cc h thng sy nng khng kh cng bc phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:

25

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Cc phn t gia nhit khng thuc b tch nhit trung tm khng c php hot ng nu
cha c lung khng kh quy nh i qua v phi ct ra khi lung khng kh khng theo
quy nh;
b) C hai thit b khng ch nhit hot ng c lp nhau ngn nga nhit vt qu
gii hn cho php trong cc ng ng dn khng kh nng.
2.5.5.2 Khung, v ca cc phn t gia nhit phi lm bng vt liu khng chy.
2.5.5.3 Cc thit b to nc nng hoc hi nng u phi c thit b, phng tin bo v chng
qu nhit trong mi iu kin lm vic. Trng hp khng p ng yu cu ny th phi thc
hin bo v chng qu nhit bng mt c cu khng t tr v, hot ng c lp vi b iu
chnh nhit .
2.5.5.4 Thit b to nc nng hoc hi nng c hn ch u ra phi c thm c cu khng ch
p sut nc bn trong.
2.6 Bo v chng qu dng in
2.6.1 Cc yu cu chung
2.6.1.1 H thng in nh phi c thit b bo v ct c mi trng thi qu dng in chy
trong cc dy dn trc khi gy ra nguy him do cc hiu ng nhit v c.
2.6.1.2 Dy dn ti in phi c bo v bng thit b c kh nng t ng ct ngun cp khi
dy ny b qu ti v ngn mch, tr trng hp qu dng in c hn ch bng cc c tnh
ca ngun cp.
2.6.2 Yu cu v bo v chng qu dng in
2.6.2.1 Phi cn c vo loi s ni t c p dng xem xt, xc nh bin php bo v
chng qu dng in.
2.6.2.2 Bo v dy pha
Thit b bo v chng qu dng in phi ct c dng in trong cc dy b qu dng in v
phi c lp t trn tt c cc dy pha.
2.6.2.3 Bo v dy trung tnh
a) i vi s TT v TN-S:
Trong trng hp tit din ca dy trung tnh nh hn tit din ca dy pha th phi lp t
thit b bo v chng qu dng tng ng vi tit din ca dy trung tnh. Thit b bo v
ny bt buc phi ct in cc dy pha, nhng khng nht thit phi ct in dy trung tnh.
Trong trng hp dng in trong dy trung tnh vt qu kh nng mang ti ca dy th
phi lp t thit b bo v qu dng in.
Trong mi trng hp, dy trung tnh phi c bo v chng dng in ngn mch.
b) i vi s IT:
Khi phi ko dy trung tnh i theo dy pha th phi lp t bo v qu dng in cho dy ti
in (bao gm c dy trung tnh) ca mi mch in, tr trng hp:
+

Dy trung tnh c bit c bo v hiu qu bi thit b bo v qu dng lp t pha

ngun cp in hoc

26

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
+

Mch in c bit c bo v bi RCD, m dng in d nh mc khng vt qu

0,2 ln kh nng ti dng in ca dy trung tnh v RCD ct c ton b cc cc dy
ti in, bao gm c dy trung tnh ca mch in tng ng.

2.6.3 Yu cu v bo v chng qu ti
2.6.3.1 Trong h thng in nh phi s dng thit b bo v chng qu ti p ng ng thi
hai iu kin sau y:

IB In Iz

(3)

I2 1,45 x Iz

(4)

trong :
IB

l dng in tnh ton thit k mch in, tnh bng ampe (A);

In l dng in danh nh ca thit b bo v, tnh bng ampe (A). i vi thit b bo v c th

chnh c th dng in danh nh In l dng in chnh nh;
IZ

l dng in ti lin tc lu di cho php ca dy dn, tnh bng ampe (A);

I2
l dng in tc ng c hiu qu trong thi gian quy c ca thit b bo v, tnh bng
ampe (A). Dng I2 c quy nh ti tiu chun sn phm hoc do nh ch to cung cp.
2.6.3.2 V tr lp t thit b bo v chng qu ti:
a) Thit b bo v chng qu ti phi c lp t ch c s thay i (tit din dy dn,
phng php lp t, kt cu) lm cho kh nng ti dng in cho php ca dy dn b gim
i, tr cc trng hp quy nh ti im b ca mc 2.6.3.2 v ti mc 2.6.4.
b) Thit b bo v chng qu ti c th c lp t trn phn dy dn gia im c s thay
i vi v tr lp t thit b bo v, nu trong phn dy dn ny khng c mch r, khng b
tr cm v p ng mt trong hai iu kin sau y:
-

Phn dy dn ny c bo v chng ngn mch ph hp vi quy nh ti mc 2.6.5;

Phn dy dn ny c chiu di khng qu 3 m, c ri ro ngn mch t nht, gim ri ro chy

v nguy him cho ngi mc thp nht.

2.6.4 Yu cu v bo v chng qu ti i vi cc dy dn song song

2.6.4.1 Nu ch c mt thit b bo v cho nhiu dy dn song song th khng c c cc
mch r, thit b cch ly hoc ng ct trn cc dy dn song song .
2.6.4.2 Trng hp ch c mt thit b bo v nhiu dy dn song song c dng in trong cc
dy dn c coi l phn b u (nu chnh lch gia cc dng in trong cc dy dn bt k
vi dng in thit k cho mi dy dn khng ln hn 10 %), th gi tr Iz nu ti mc 2.6.3.1 l
tng kh nng ti dng in ca cc dy dn.
2.6.4.3 Trng hp phi s dng nhiu dy dn trong mt pha v dng in trong cc dy dn
khng u nhau th dng in thit k v yu cu bo v qu ti cho mi dy phi c tnh
ton c th v xem xt ring.
2.6.5 Yu cu v bo v chng ngn mch
2.6.5.1 Dng in ngn mch d kin tng im lin quan ca h thng in nh phi xc
nh qua tnh ton hoc qua o lng.
2.6.5.2 V tr lp t thit b bo v chng ngn mch

27

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Thit b bo v chng ngn mch phi lp t ti v tr m tit din dy dn gim hoc c
thay i no khc lm thay i dng in cho php trong dy dn, tr cc trng hp quy
nh ti cc im b, c ca mc ny v ti mc 2.6.5.3.
b) Trng hp thit b bo v chng ngn mch lp t v tr khc vi v tr quy nh ti im
a ca mc ny th trong phn dy dn (t v tr lp t thit b bo v n v tr c tit din
gim hoc c s thay i khc) phi khng c mch r nhnh v cm, khng di hn 3 m,
lp t theo cch gim thiu nguy c b ngn mch v khng gn vt d chy;
c) Trng hp lp t thit b bo v chng ngn mch pha trc v tr dy dn c thay i
(tit din hoc thay i khc) th thit b phi c cc c tnh tc ng p ng yu cu
bo v chng ngn mch ng dn in pha ti, ging nh trng hp c lp t
pha sau.
2.6.5.3 Bo v chng ngn mch cc dy dn song song
a) Trng hp s dng mt thit b bo v chng ngn mch cho nhiu dy dn u song
song, th c tnh tc ng ca thit b bo v phi:
-

m bo tc ng hiu qu khi c s c xy ra im nguy him nht ca mt trong cc

dy dn song song;

Tnh n s phn b dng in ngn mch gia cc dy dn u song song v dng in c

th i t c hai u ca dy dn song song n im s c.

b) Nu tc ng ca mt thit b bo v duy nht khng hiu qu, th phi s dng mt hay

nhiu bin php sau y:
-

ng dn in phi lp t gim n mc thp nht ri ro ngn mch bt k dy dn

no v nguy c chy;

i vi mch c hai dy dn u song song th phi s dng thit b bo v chng ngn

mch u pha ngun cp in ca tng dy dn;

i vi mch in c s dy dn u song song nhiu hn 2 dy, cc thit b bo v chng

ngn mch phi lp t c hai u pha ngun cp v pha ph ti ca tng dy dn.

2.6.5.4 Thit b bo v chng ngn mch phi p ng cc c tnh sau:

a) Dng ct ca mi thit b bo v chng ngn mch khng c nh hn dng ngn mch
d kin ch t thit b bo v chng ngn mch, tr cc trng hp sau y:
-

pha ngun cp in c mt thit b bo v khc c kh nng ct cn thit; nng

lng cho qua bi hai thit b ny khng c vt qu nng lng m thit b pha ph
ti v dy dn c bo v c th chu ng c;

i vi thit b pha ph ti, ngoi nng lng cho qua, phi tnh n chi tit cc c tnh
khc theo quy nh ca nh ch to;

b) i vi cp v dy dn c cch in th tt c dng in do ngn mch gy ra mt im

bt k ca mch in phi c ct trc khi cch in ca dy dn nng ti gii hn nhit
cho php;
c) Khi thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v nh hn 0,1 s, mc khng i xng ca dng in
cao v c thit b hn ch dng in th gi tr (kxS)2 phi ln hn nng lng cho qua (I2xt).
Gi tr (kxS)2 do nh ch to quy nh.

28

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
i vi thi gian ngn mch ko di n 5 s, thi gian t nhit ca cc dy dn tng t
nhit cho php cao nht trong ch bnh thng n nhit gii hn c th c xc
nh gn ng theo cng thc
2
kxS
t
(5)

I
trong :
t

l thi gian ngn mch, tnh bng giy (s);

k l h s tnh n in tr sut, h s nhit , nhit dung ca vt liu dy dn, nhit

ban u v cui cng tng ng. i vi cch in thng dng ca dy dn, gi tr ca h
s k quy nh ti Ph lc H;
S l tit din ca dy dn, tnh bng milimt vung (mm2);
I

l dng in ngn mch hiu dng, tnh bng ampe (A).

d) i vi h thng thanh ci dng in chu ngn mch danh nh khng c nh hn dng

in ngn mch tnh ton.
2.6.6 Yu cu v phi hp bo v chng qu ti v chng ngn mch
2.6.6.1 Bo v bng cng mt thit b (chng qu ti ng thi chng ngn mch) phi p ng
ng thi cc quy nh nu ti cc mc 2.6.3 v 2.6.5.
2.6.6.2 Bo v bng cc thit b ring bit
a) Thit b bo v chng qu ti phi p ng cc quy nh nu ti mc 2.6.3. Thit b bo v
chng ngn mch phi p ng cc quy nh nu ti mc 2.6.5.
b) Phi phi hp cc c tnh ca thit b sao cho nng lng m thit b bo v chng ngn
mch cho qua khng vt qu nng lng m thit b chng qu ti chu c.
2.6.7 Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ca ngun cp in
Cc dy dn c coi l c bo v chng qu ti v chng ngn mch khi chng c
cp in t ngun in khng c kh nng to ra mt dng in vt qu kh nng ti ca dy
dn nh my bin p cch ly, my bin p ca chung in, my bin p hn, mt s loi my
pht in (chy xng, du diesel).
2.7 Bo v chng nhiu in p v nhiu in t
2.7.1 Yu cu v bo v chng qu in p tm thi do chm t
2.7.1.1 Phi thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nh hng n h thng in nh ca in
p s c tn s cng nghip (l in p gia cc v kim loi ca thit b v t, k hiu l Uf) v
cc in p chu ng (cn gi l in p ng sut stress voltage) tn s cng nghip (l in
p gia dy dn pha vi v kim loi ca thit b ti trm bin p, k hiu l U1 v gia dy dn
pha vi v kim loi ca thit b trong h thng in nh, k hiu l U2) khi c s c ngn mch
pha cao p (th hin ti Ph lc I) .
2.7.1.2 Tr s v thi gian tn ti ca Uf khng c ln hn tr s in p c xc nh bi
ng cong Uf(t) ti Ph lc K .
2.7.1.3 Tr s v thi gian tn ti ca U1 v U2 khng c ln hn tr s cho trong Bng K.1
ca Ph lc K.
2.7.1.4 Trng hp U1 v U2 ln hn cc tr s nu trong Bng K.1 ca Ph lc K th phi thc
hin cc bin php sau:
29

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Tch bit ni t gia cao p v h p ti trm bin p phn phi;
b) Thay i s ni t trong h thng in h p;
c) Gim in tr ni t trm bin p.
2.7.2 Yu cu i vi bo v chng qu in p xung
2.7.2.1 in p chu xung danh nh ca thit b in khng c nh hn mc in p chu
xung yu cu quy nh ti Ph lc L.
2.7.2.2 Cc thit b in im u ca h thng in nh (t t phn phi in chnh) phi c
kh nng chu in p xung cp IV (qu in p cp IV) vi bin ln.
2.7.2.3 Cc thit b ng ct, dy dn, thanh gp, hp ni ca h thng in nh lp t c nh
t t phn phi in chnh n cc thit b v pha ti phi c kh nng chu in p xung cp III
(qu in p cp III).
2.7.2.4 Thit b s dng in lp t c nh khng c yu cu c bit v sn sng phi c
kh nng chu in p xung cp II (qu in p cp II).
2.7.2.5 Cc thit b c cha mch in t, trong cc bin php bo v phi c thc hin
ngoi thit b v khng c u ni c nh vo li in cng cng phi c kh nng chu in
p xung cp I (qu in p cp I).
2.7.2.6 Phi lp t thit b bo v chng qu in p ngn chn cc hu qu lin quan n
sinh mng con ngi, dch v cng cng, cc hot ng thng mi.
2.7.2.7 Trng hp h thng in nh c cp in t mt h thng c ng dy trn khng
(tr cc cp c v bc v c lp bo v kim loi ni t) v s ngy ging st ln hn 25
ngy/nm th phi lp t thit b chng qu in p kh quyn vi mc bo v khng c cao
hn mc qu in p cp II.
2.7.3 Yu cu v bo v chng st in p
2.7.3.1 Phi c bin php phng nga thch hp trong trng hp st hoc mt in p v sau
phc hi tr li, c th gy ra nguy him cho ngi v thit b.
2.7.3.2 Khi ng in tr li m gy nguy him th khng c ng t ng.
2.7.4 Cc bin php chng nh hng in t
2.7.4.1 Cc bin php gim nh hng in t gm:
a) V bc kim loi ca dy cp phi c ni lin kt vi lin kt ng th chung;
b) Trnh kh nng h cm gia cc mch in, mch tn hiu v mch d liu;
c) Cp in v cp tn hiu phi c t tch bit vi nhau v mt in t v nu thc t cho
php th t vung gc vi nhau;
d) S dng cp nhiu rut i xng ni in gia b bin tn vi ng c c iu chnh
tc ;
) Cp in v cp tn hiu phi c t cch bit vi dy dn xung t ca LPS (l dy dn
to ra mch c in tr thp ni b phn thu st vi mng ni t sao cho dng in st
c dn xung t mt cch an ton) hoc ngn cch bng mn chn t (magnetic shield);
e) Khi chuyn i ngun cp ca h thng TN-S phi dng thit b ng ct ng thi ba dy
pha v dy trung tnh;

30

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
g) Khi chuyn i ngun mt pha, phi dng thit b ng ct ng thi dy pha v dy trung
tnh.
2.7.4.2 Phi s dng ni t v lin kt ng th chng nhiu in t cho mch in c s
lng ln thit b thng tin, ng dng quan trng.
2.8 Bo v chng st
2.8.1 Cc yu cu chung
2.8.1.1 LPS (gm LPS bn trong v LPS bn ngoi) phi p ng yu cu bo v chng st
nh trc tip vo nh.
2.8.1.2 Phi cn c vo v tr c kh nng b st nh v mc thit hi do st nh quyt
nh s cn thit chng st cho nh.
2.8.1.3 Phi tn dng cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh cho LPS gim chi ph, nhng khng
c lm nh hng n cht lng v m quan ca cng trnh.
2.8.1.4 Ton b to nh phi c bo v bng mt LPS kt ni hon chnh vi nhau, khng c
b phn no ca cng trnh c tch ra bo v ring.
2.8.2 LPS bn ngoi
2.8.2.1 Vng bo v c xc nh theo phng php qu cu ln. Trng hp chiu cao nh
thp hn 20m, th xc nh theo phng php gc bo v.
2.8.2.2 LPS bn ngoi gm cc b phn: thu st, dy dn xung t v mng ni t chng st
(gm cc in cc ngang hoc ng c lin kt vi nhau).
2.8.2.3 Phi s dng LPS cch ly v nhit vi nh khi c kh nng xy ra pht nhit v chy n
ti ni thu v dn st.
2.8.2.4 Phi b tr b phn thu st (l cc kim thu st hoc li thu st hoc kt hp c hai) p
ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) t ti cc v tr trn cng trnh khng nm trong vng bo v c xc nh theo cc
phng php quy nh ti mc 2.8.2.1;
b) Trng hp mi nh lm bng vt liu d chy th phi t cch mi t nht l 0,1 m, i vi
mi r l 0,15 m.
2.8.2.5 Dy dn xung t phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) S dy dn xung t khng t hn 02 dy v b tr cch u nhau theo chu vi (ph hp vi
hnh dng kin trc) ca nh;
b) Khong cch ln nht gia cc dy dn xung t thc hin theo quy nh ti Bng 4;
Bng 4 - Khong cch ln nht gia cc dy dn xung t theo cp ca LPS

(a)

Cp ca LPS(a)

II

III

IV

Khong cch ln nht gia

cc dy dn xung t
m

10

10

15

20

Cp ca LPS c xc nh theo mc bo v quy nh ti mc 8.2 ca TCVN 9888-1:2013

31

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
c) Dy dn xung t phi i theo ng ngn nht xung t;
d) Dy dn xung t phi t cch cc b mt d chy ca cng trnh t nht l 0,1 m.
2.8.2.6 Mng ni t chng st phi p ng cc yu cu sau y:
a) in tr ni t khng ln hn 10 ;
b) Trng hp mng ni t c s dng chung cho LPS v cc thit b khc, in tr ni t
phi ph hp vi cc thit b lin quan;
c) Phi c kh nng cch ly c vi cc dy dn xung t v phi b tr mt in cc ni t
tham chiu o v kim tra. im kt ni vi mng ni t phi c kh nng tip cn c
t trn mt t thun tin cho vic kim tra v bo dng LPS.
2.8.2.7 Vt liu v kch thc cc phn t ca LPS bn ngoi phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy
nh ti Ph lc M.
2.8.3 LPS bn trong
2.8.3.1 LPS bn trong gm cc phn t ca mng lin kt ng th, SPD, cc mn chn t.
2.8.3.2 LPS bn trong phi c thc hin bng mt trong cc gii php sau:
a) Cch ly v in gia LPS bn ngoi vi cc phn t c kh nng dn in khng thuc h
thng in nh theo quy nh ti mc 6.3 ca TCVN 9888-3:2013;
b) Lin kt ng th chng st bng cch ni lin thng LPS vi:
-

Cc kt cu kim loi;

Cc h thng bn trong nh;

Cc dy dn v b phn dn bn ngoi ni vo nh.

2.8.3.3 Cc gii php chng st khc

a) S dng mn chn t lm suy gim in t trng ca xung st;
b) S dng SPD hoc khe phng in hn ch qu in p qu v qu dng t bin.
2.8.4 To nh cao trn 60 m
2.8.4.1 Phi lp t b phn thu st bo v phn chiu cao pha trn 60 m ca to nh v
thit b lp t trn (c bit phn 20 % trn cng chiu cao to nh khi phn ny nm
cao cch mt t qu 60 m).
2.8.4.2 V tr lp t b phn thu st phn cao trn 60 m ca to nh phi p ng mc bo
v chng st t nht l cp IV.
2.8.4.3 Trng hp tn dng cc kt cu kim loi c sn bn ngoi nh lm b phn thu st
th kch thc ca chng phi p ng cc yu cu quy nh ti Ph lc M.
2.8.5 Nh c cha cc vt liu d chy n hoc c cc khu vc nguy him (hazardous
areas)
Bo v chng st ca nh c cha cc vt liu d chy n v nh c cc khu vc nguy him
phi p ng cc yu cu nu ti cc Ph lc D.4 v D.5 ca TCVN 9888-3:2013.
2.8.6 Nh c ng-ten
ng-ten t trn mi nh phi nm trong vng bo v ca LPS v phi c lin kt vi LPS.
2.8.7 Lp dng kt cu
32

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Trong qu trnh lp dng kt cu, tt c cc mng thp ln v nh ln phi c ni t mt
cch c hiu qu. T khi bt u tin hnh lp t LPS phi duy tr vic ni t lin tc.
2.9 u ni cc ngun in ring
2.9.1 Cc yu cu chung
2.9.1.1 Khi u ni ngun in ring (ngoi li in cng cng) vo h thng in nh phi
p ng cc yu cu v an ton.
2.9.1.2 Vic u ni ngun in ring c quy nh cho cc trng hp sau y:
a) H thng in nh khng ni vi li in cng cng;
b) Ngun in ring lm ngun in d phng cho ngun cp in bnh thng;
c) Ngun in ring lm vic song song vi nhau hoc vi li in cng cng;
d) Kt hp cc trng hp trn.
2.9.2 Yu cu an ton khi cp in t cc ngun in ring
2.9.2.1 Tn s, in p, th t pha ca ngun in ring u ni vo h thng in nh phi
ph hp vi tn s, in p v th t pha (i vi ngun in ba pha) ca h thng in nh.
Khi a cc ngun in vo lm vic song song th phi p ng thm iu kin v gc lch pha
gia in p ca cc ngun.
2.9.2.2 Dng ngn mch, dng chm t d kin v thit b bo v chng ngn mch trong h
thng in nh phi ph hp vi tng trng hp nu ti mc 2.9.1.2.
2.9.2.3 Phi c bin php ct gim mt phn ph ti ca h thng in nh khi ngun in
ring b qu ti.
2.9.3 Bin php an ton khi chuyn sang ngun in d phng
2.9.3.1 Ngun in d phng l ngun in duy tr cp in cho ton b hoc mt phn ca
h thng in nh khi ngun cp in bnh thng b gin on.
2.9.3.2 Phi c bin php phng chng thao tc nhm khi chuyn i ngun in.
2.9.4 Yu cu v tch dy trung tnh
Dy trung tnh ca ngun in d phng phi c lp t tch bit vi dy trung tnh ca
ngun in bnh thng.
2.9.5 Bo v qu ti i vi my pht in d phng cho bm cha chy
Thit b bo v qu ti ca my pht in d phng cho bm cha chy ch c a tn hiu
cnh bo bng chung hoc ci, khng c t ng ct in ca my pht in ny.
2.10 Trang b in trong cc khu vc c bit
2.10.1 Yu cu chung
H thng in nh trong nhng khu vc c bit (l khu vc c hot ng c bit hoc c iu
kin c bit) phi p ng tt c cc yu cu ca Quy chun ny vi cc b sung hoc thay i
quy nh ti cc mc t 2.10.2 n 2.10.6.
2.10.2 Yu cu i vi khu vc c bn tm hoc vi hoa sen
2.10.2.1 H thng in nh ti ni t bn tm, vi hoa sen v khng gian ln cn phi c
thit k, lp t ph hp vi yu cu v m bo an ton in.
33

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.10.2.2 Vic phn loi thnh ba vng 0, 1 v 2 theo mc nguy him v in quy nh ti cc
Hnh N.1 v N.2 ca Ph lc N.
2.10.2.3 Khi s dng ELV c cp t ngun SELV hoc PELV, phi bo v chng tip xc
trc tip vi tt c cc thit b in bng tm chn hay v ngoi c cp bo v thp nht l
IPXXB hoc IP2X; bc cch in chu c in p th nghim c gi tr hiu dng 500 V xoay
chiu trong 1 min. Khng cho php bo v chng tip xc trc tip bng chng ngi vt hoc
t ngoi gii hn th tch trong tm vi.
2.10.2.4 Phi thc hin cc bin php bo v b sung bng lin kt ng th ph, s dng RCD
vi dng tc ng danh nh khng ln hn 30 mA cho tt c cc mch in, tr trng hp
mch in c cch ly v in ch cp in cho mt thit b duy nht v s dng ngun SELV
hoc PELV.
2.10.2.5 Cp bo v ca thit b in (theo Ph lc B) lp t trong vng 0 phi l IPX7; trong
cc vng 1 v 2 l IPX4. Trng hp trong cc vng 1 v 2 m tia nc c th phun vo th phi
l IPX5.
2.10.2.6 ng dn in cp cho cc thit b t trong cc vng 0, 1, 2 phi thc hin nh sau:
a) Chn ngm trong tng su t nht l 5 cm;
b) i ngang hoc thng ng ngoi tng, sau xuyn qua tng pha sau thit b.
2.10.2.7 Thit b ng ct v iu khin khng c t trong vng 0.
2.10.2.8 Trong vng 1 ph kin, k c cm ca mch in c cp t ngun SELV hoc
ngun PELV phi c in p danh nh khng ln hn 25 V. Ngun cp phi t ngoi cc vng
0 v 1.
2.10.2.9 Trong vng 2 ph kin, k c cm ca mch in phi c cp t ngun SELV hoc
ngun PELV. Ngun cp phi t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1.
2.10.2.10 Thit b s dng in trong vng 0 phi p ng ng thi cc iu kin sau:
a) Theo hng dn ca nh ch to;
b) u ni c nh v lu di;
c) S dng ELV t ngun SELV.
2.10.2.11 Thit b s dng in trong vng 1 phi p ng ng thi cc iu kin sau:
a) Theo hng dn ca nh ch to;
b) u ni c nh v lu di.
2.10.3 Yu cu i vi b bi v i phun nc
2.10.3.1 H thng in nh ti ni c b bi, i phun nc v cc khu vc ln cn phi c
thit k, lp t ph hp vi cc yu cu v an ton in.
2.10.3.2 Vic phn loi thnh ba vng 0, 1 v 2 theo mc nguy him v in quy nh ti cc
Hnh N.3, N.4 v N.5 ca Ph lc N. Phng t thit b ca b bi c coi l ngoi vng 1 v 2.
2.10.3.3 Khng c p dng bin php s dng vt cn, t ngoi gii hn th tch trong tm
vi bo v chng in git do tip xc trc tip. Khng c dng bin php bo v bng
sn, tng khng dn in, mch vng ng th khng ni t, mch in tch bit cp in
cho nhiu thit b s dng in.

34

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.10.3.4 Phi ni tt c cc phn t dn in bn ngoi vo dy PE ca cc v kim loi ca thit
b in t trong cc vng 0, 1, 2 (vng ng th b sung ti ch). Trong cc vng 0 v 1 ca cc
b bi phi s dng ELV khng ln hn 12 V t ngun SELV t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1. Cc
trng hp khc phi s dng in p siu thp, ngun t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1 v ch cp
cho mt thit b duy nht, hoc t ng ct in bng RCD dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30
mA, hoc bng mch in tch bit trong cc vng 0 v 1 ca cc i phun nc v vng 2 ca
cc b bi.
2.10.3.5 Khng c dng ngun PELV cho bo v bng ELV. Khi s dng ngun SELV, phi
bo v chng tip xc trc tip vi tt c cc thit b in bng tm chn hay v ngoi c cp
bo v thp nht l IP2X hoc IPXXB; bc cch in chu c in p th nghim c gi tr
hiu dng l 500 V xoay chiu trong 1 min.
2.10.3.6 Phi ni dy bo v mch vng ng th ca tt c cc phn t dn in bn ngoi h
thng in nh c kh nng a in th t ngoi vo cc vng 0, 1, 2 vi dy PE ca v kim
loi ca thit b t trong cc vng .
2.10.3.7 Phi s dng thit b in c cp bo v tng ng vi m IP (IP code) nh quy nh
ti Bng 5.
Bng 5 M IP thp nht cho php ca thit b in
Vng

Ngoi tri c phun

nc khi lm v sinh

Ngoi tri khng

phun nc

Trong nh, c
phun nc khi
lm v sinh

Trong nh,
khng phun
nc

IPX5 v IPX8

IPX8

IPX5 v IPX8

IPX8

IPX5

IPX4

IPX5

IPX4

IPX5

IPX4

IPX5

IPX2

2.10.3.8 ng dn in
a) Trong cc vng 0, 1 v 2, cc ng dn in khng c c v bc bng kim loi c kh
nng tip xc vo; cc v bc bng kim loi khng c kh nng tip xc vo phi ni vi
vng ng th ph.
b) Trong cc vng 0 v 1 khng c t cc ng dn in cp in cho cc thit b bn
ngoi cc vng .
c) Phi chn ngm su t nht l 5 cm, hoc bo v bng mt RCD, dng in tc ng
khng ln hn 30 mA, hoc dng ngun SELV, hoc dng mch in tch bit i vi cc
mch in t trong vng 2 hoc trn tng, trn, sn gii hn cc vng cp in cho cc
thit b t ngoi cc vng .
d) Phi dng cc loi cp c nh ch to xc nhn c th thng xuyn tip xc vi nc
lp t cho cc i phun nc.
) Trong cc i phun nc khng c d kin cho ngi i vo, cc cp hoc dy dn trong
cc ng phi kim loi cp in cho cc thit b t vng 0 phi t trn b b nc, cch
b nc khong xa nht c th v i n thit b bng con ng ngn nht; cp v dy dn
lun trong ng phi kim loi t trong cc vng 0 v 1 phi c bo v c thch hp.

35

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
e) Khng c b tr cc hp ni trong vng 0. Trong vng 1 ch c dng hp ni cho mch
in t ngun SELV.
2.10.3.9 Thit b ng ct, iu khin
a) Khng c lp t thit b ng ct, iu khin trong vng 0;
b) Trng hp t thit b ng ct, iu khin, cm trong vng 1 th phi dng mch in t
ngun SELV v phi t ngun cp in ngoi cc vng 0 v 1; nu t ngun cp in
trong vng 2, mch cp in cho ngun cp in ny phi c bo v bng RCD, dng
in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA;
c) Trng hp t thit b ng ct, iu khin, cm trong vng 2 th phi bo v bng mt
trong cc bin php sau:
-

S dng ngun SELV v phi t ngun cp in ngoi cc vng 0 v 1; Nu t ngun cp

in vng 2, mch cp in cho ngun ny phi c bo v bng RCD, dng in tc
ng khng ln hn 30 mA;

T ng ct ngun cp in cng vi bo v b sung s dng RCD, dng in tc ng

khng ln hn 30 mA;

S dng mch in tch bit, c cp in ring r bi mt ngun tch bit, t ngoi cc

vng 0 v 1 v nu ngun cp cho mch tch bit t trong vng 2, mch cp in cho
ngun ny phi c bo v bng RCD, dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA.

2.10.3.10 Cc thit b khc ca b bi

a) Cc thit b s dng in trong cc vng 0 v 1 phi l thit b chuyn dng cho b bi v
c lp t c nh.
b) Cc thit b lm v sinh b bi u ni c nh, s dng trong cc vng 0 v 1 phi c cp
in t ngun SELV in p khng ln hn 12 V, vi ngun cp in t ngoi cc vng 0
v 1; Nu ngun cp in t trong vng 2, phi thc hin theo quy nh ti im c ca
2.10.3.9.
c) Bm cp nc hoc thit b in chuyn dng cho b bi t trong phng bm st cnh
b bi v c th tip cn qua mt cnh ca phi c bo v bng mt trong cc cch sau
y:
-

S dng ngun SELV, in p khng ln hn 12 V, ngun t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1, v nu

ngun t vng 2, phi thc hin theo quy nh ti mc 2.10.3.9.

Dng mch in tch bit, vi cc iu kin sau:

My bm hoc cc thit b khc ni vi b bi dng ng nc khng dn in;

Phng bm ch c th m ca c bng cha kha hoc dng c;

Tt c mi thit b in t trong phng bm c cp bo v thp nht l IPX5 hay c v bo

v cng cp ny;

T ng ct ngun cp in v ng thi thc hin cc iu kin sau:

ng ni t my bm (hay thit b khc) vo b bi phi s dng loi lm bng vt liu khng

dn in, trng hp ng ni bng kim loi th phi c ni vi vng ng th ca b bi;

Ca ca phng bm ch c th m c bng cha kha hoc bng dng c;

36

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
+

Cc thit b in t trong phng bm phi c cp bo v thp nht l IPX5 hay c v bo v

cp ny;

Phi b tr vng ng th b sung;

Thit b in phi c bo v bng RCD, dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA;

d) B n tip xc vi nc, chiu sng di nc ca b bi phi ph hp vi tiu chun t

di nc. B n t trong hc kn nc thnh b c cp in v thao tc t pha
sau, phi lp t sao cho khng to mch dn in d v tnh hay hu gia v ca n vi
cc b phn dn in ca hc t n.
2.10.3.11 Cc thit b in cc vng 0 v 1 ca i phun nc phi c thit k v lp t
khng th chm vo c.
2.10.3.12 Yu cu c bit i vi vic lp t thit b in h p trong vng 1 ca b bi
a) Cc thit b c nh chuyn dng cho b bi, c cp in bng in h p phi p ng
ng thi cc iu kin sau:
-

C v bc tng ng vi mt cch in b sung v c bo v chng va p;

Quy nh ti mc 2.10.3.11;

Khi m ca ni t thit b phi t ng ct mch ca mi dy dn cp in cho cc thit b

t bn trong; cp v cc phng tin ct mch in phi c cch in cp 2 hoc tng
ng.

b) Cc n chiu sng c cp in t ngun khc vi SELV 12 V lp t trn tng hoc

trn trong vng 1 ca cc b bi khng c vng 2 phi c mch in c bo v bng cch
t ng ct ngun in v c bo v b sung bng RCD, dng in tc ng khng ln hn
30 mA v cao ca b phn thp nht ca n phi cch gii hn di ca vng 1 t nht l
2 m.
2.10.3.13 Si sn v trn:
Cc phn t si in chn ngm di sn phi c bo v bng mt trong hai bin php sau
y:
a) SELV c ngun cp in t ngoi cc vng 0 v 1. Nu t trong vng 2 th phi thc hin
theo quy nh ti mc 2.10.3.10;
b) T ng ct ngun cp in. Phn t si phi c ph bi mt li hoc tm kim loi
chn ngm v ni vi vng ng th ph; mch cp in phi c bo v b sung bng RCD,
dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA.
2.10.4 Yu cu i vi phng hoc cabin c cha phn t gia nhit sinh hi
2.10.4.1 Phi c bin php bo m an ton i vi h thng in nh cp in cho cc cabin
sinh hi lp t ti ch v cc phng c t phn t gia nhit sinh hi hoc cc my un nng
sinh hi (sau y gi chung l phng sinh hi).
2.10.4.2 Khng p dng cc yu cu ca mc 2.10.4 cho cc cabin sinh hi ch to sn. Khu
vc c lp t bn tm hoc vi hoa sen nc lnh th thc hin theo quy nh ti mc 2.10.2.
2.10.4.3 Vic phn loi thnh ba vng 1, 2 v 3 theo mc nguy him v in quy nh ti
Hnh N.6 ca Ph lc N.
2.10.4.4 Bin php m bo an ton

37

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Khi s dng ngun SELV v ngun PELV bo v th vic bo v chng tip xc trc tip
cho mi thit b in phi thc hin bng mt trong hai bin php sau y:
-

S dng ro chn hoc v bc c cp bo v thp nht l IPXXB hoc IP2X;

S dng loi c cch in chu c in p th nghim hiu dng 500 V xoay chiu trong
1 min;

b) Khng c p dng bin php bo v chng tip xc trc tip bng vt cn, bng cch t
ngoi phm vi gii hn th tch trong tm vi;
c) Phi c bo v b sung cho tt c cc mch in ca phng sinh hi, tr phn t gia nhit
sinh hi hoc my un nng sinh hi, bng cch s dng mt hoc nhiu RCD, dng in
tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA;
d) Khng c s dng cc bin php bo v chng tip xc gin tip bng sn, tng khng
dn in v bng vng ng th khng ni t.
2.10.4.5 Cc thit b in phi c cp bo v thp nht l IP24. Nu d kin vic lm v sinh
bng tia nc phun th cc thit b in phi c cp bo v thp nht l IPX5.
2.10.4.6 Trong vng 1 khng c t cc thit b in, tr phn t gia nhit sinh hi hoc my
un nng sinh hi. Trong vng 3 thit b lp t phi chu c nhit t nht l 125 0C v lp
cch in ca dy dn phi chu c nhit t nht l 170 0C.
2.10.4.7 Trng hp bt buc phi t trong cc vng 1 v 3 th ng dn in phi chu
c nhit quy nh ti mc 2.10.4.6; cc ng kim loi v v kim loi ca cp phi c thit
k v lp t khng th chm vo khi lm vic bnh thng.
2.10.4.8 Cc thit b ng ct v iu khin phi lp t ngoi phng sinh hi hoc cabin sinh
hi, tr trng hp cc thit b ng ct v iu khin ny l mt b phn ca phn t gia nhit
sinh hi hoc my un nng sinh hi hoc ca cc thit b khc lp c nh trong vng 2 theo
hng dn ca nh ch to.
2.10.4.9 Khng c b tr cm in bn trong phng sinh hi.
2.10.5 Yu cu i vi khu vc y t
2.10.5.1 H thng in nh ti cc khu vc y t (l ni tip nhn, thm khm, cha tr, x l
thm m, theo di v chm sc bnh nhn) v cc bnh vin th y phi p ng cc yu cu v
an ton in. Quy nh ny khng p dng cho cc thit b in y t.
2.10.5.2 Phi thc hin cc bin php bo m an ton in cho ba nhm ca khu vc y t
gm:
a) Nhm 0 l khu vc y t khng s dng b phn p st (l b phn ca thit b in y t khi
lm vic bnh thng nht thit phi tip xc vt l vi bnh nhn, hoc c th a vo tip
xc vi bnh nhn, hoc bnh nhn cn chm vo).
b) Nhm 1 l khu vc y t c s dng cc b phn p st bn ngoi c th bnh nhn hoc
a su vo bt k b phn no ca c th bnh nhn;
c) Nhm 2 l khu vc y t c s dng b phn p st cho nhng cng vic m nu mt in s
gy ra nguy him n tnh mng ca bnh nhn.
2.10.5.3 H thng in nh ti khu vc y t phi p ng yu cu chuyn i cc ph ti u tin
t ngun in bnh thng sang ngun in d phng.

38

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
2.10.5.4 Bin php m bo an ton
a) Bin php bo v bng bc cch in hoc ro chn l bin php ch yu.
b) Trng hp s dng SELV v PELV trong cc khu vc cc nhm 1 v 2 th in p danh
nh ca cc thit b in khng c vt qu 25 V. Trong cc khu vc nhm 2, cc v kim
loi ca thit b phi ni vo vng ng th.
c) Bin php bo v bng vt cn v bng cch t ngoi gii hn th tch trong tm vi khng
c p dng.
d) Gii hn in p an ton c chp nhn khng ln hn 25 V.
) Mch in cui cng ca s TN-S trong khu vc thuc nhm 1 vi dng in n 32 A
phi c RCD vi dng in tc ng khng ln hn 30 mA. Trong cc khu vc thuc nhm
2, khng c dng RCD vi dng in tc ng khng qu 30 mA tr cc mch in cp
cho bn m; cc thit b X quang di ng c a vo khu vc thuc nhm 2; cc thit b
c cng sut danh nh ln hn 5 kVA; cc thit b khng quan trng (khng lin quan n
duy tr s sng ca con ngi).
Trong cc khu vc thuc cc nhm 1 v 2 khng c dng cc RCD ngoi loi A v B;
e) i vi s TT: Trong cc khu vc thuc cc nhm 1 v 2 phi thc hin mi quy nh nu
ti im v trong tt c cc trng hp u phi dng RCD;
g) i vi s IT: Phi dng s IT cho cc mch cp in cho cc thit b in y t c tnh
cht quyt nh n sinh mng ca bnh nhn, cc thit b phu thut v thit b trong khng
gian xung quanh bnh nhn (l khng gian m bnh nhn c th chm trc tip hoc qua
ngi khc chm vo cc b phn ca thit b in y t) trong cc khu vc thuc nhm 2
(ngoi nhng thit b thuc nhm 2 nu ti im ).
Mi nhm phng c cng mt chc nng phi dng mt s IT ring bit. Trong s IT
phi c thit b gim st cch in p ng cc yu cu sau:
-

Tng tr xoay chiu ca thit b gim st khng c nh hn 100 k;

in p o ca thit b gim st khng c ln hn 25 V mt chiu;

Dng in o, ngay c khi c s c cng khng c ln hn 1 mA;

Khi in tr cch in ca mch in c gim st gim xung cn 50 k th thit b gim

st phi cnh bo; phi c thit b xc nh v tr h hng cch in.
Mi s IT dng trong khu vc y t phi c tn hiu cnh bo bng m thanh v nh sng
t ti ch nhn vin ca n v y t c th gim st c; phi c b phn kim sot qu ti
v nhit my bin p chuyn dng cho y t trong s IT;

h) Trong mi khu vc y t thuc cc nhm 1 v 2 phi c vng ng th ph trong khng gian

xung quanh bnh nhn.
2.10.5.5 Cc yu cu i vi thit b in trong cc khu vc y t thc hin theo mc 710.5 ca
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006.
2.10.5.6 Vic kim tra khi a vo s dng v kim tra nh k thc hin theo mc 710.6 ca
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006.
2.10.6 Yu cu i vi trang b in cho chiu sng bng ELV
2.10.6.1 Bo v chng in git v bo v chng qu dng:

39

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) H thng chiu sng bng ELV phi s dng t ngun SELV;
b) Ngun cp cho ngun SELV phi lp t c nh. Cc my bin p trong mch th cp lm
vic song song phi c mc song song trong mch s cp v c c tnh v in ging
ht nhau. Khi cc my bin p vn hnh song song th mch s cp phi c ni c nh
vi thit b cch ly chung cch ly v ng ct;
c) Mch SELV phi c bo v chng qu dng bng thit b bo v chung hoc thit b bo
v dng cho tng mch SELV.
2.10.6.2 Bo v chng chy:
a) n v cc ph kin ca n phi c thit k, lp t sao cho trnh nguy him v nhit
cho cc vt liu v mi trng xung quanh;
b) Cc thit b, dy dn ca h thng chiu sng bng ELV phi p ng cc yu cu v chng
chy.
c) Phi tun th cc hng dn ca nh ch to, k c hng dn v lp t trn cc b mt
d chy hoc khng chy;
d) My bin p phi chu c ngn mch v c bo v pha s cp ph hp vi cc yu
cu sau:
-

Gim st lin tc dng in ca cc n;

T ng ct mch cp in trong vng 0,3 s nu cng sut ca mch vt qu 60 W;

Khi c h hng vn m bo an ton.

2.10.6.3 H thng ng dn in cho chiu sng bng ELV phi:

a) t dy dn trong ng, hp;
b) Ph hp vi yu cu ca h thng chiu sng bng n si nung;
c) Ph hp vi yu cu ca h thng ray tip xc dng cho chiu sng;
d) Khng s dng phn kt cu ca nh lm vt dn in.
2.10.6.4 Tit din dy dn phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
a) Dy dn ni vi u ra ca ngun cp in (my bin p hoc b chuyn i) ph hp vi
dng in ti;
b) Trng hp treo n chiu sng trn dy dn ni vi u ra ca ngun cp in th tit din
theo bn c khng nh hn 4 mm2.
2.10.6.5 Thit b cch ly, ng ct, bo v v cc thit b khc s dng trong h thng chiu
sng bng ELV phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
a) B tr v tr d tip cn;
b) C bin bo v ni lp t thit b bo v;
c) C nhn mc hoc bin nhn dng mch in v mc ch bo v;
d) Lp t c nh v tr trn gi hoc tng t;
) S dng n in tit kim nng lng, p ng yu cu v ri, an ton;
e) Thit b bo v lp c nh trong mch in;

40

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
g) Ngun SELV v thit b bo v ca n phi c lp t m bo:
-

Trnh tc ng c trong u ni in;

c chng hoc an ton;

Khng b qu nhit do cch nhit.

3. QUY NH V KIM TRA

3.1 Cc yu cu chung
3.1.1 H thng in nh phi c kim tra trc khi nghim thu a vo s dng v kim tra
theo yu cu bo tr.
3.1.2 Trong qu trnh kim tra phi c bin php bo m an ton cho ngi v thit b.
3.1.3 Vic kim tra gm c hai bc nh sau:
a) Kim tra trc quan;
b) Kim tra bng th nghim.
3.1.4 Sau khi kt thc cng vic, ngi kim tra phi k vn bn xc nhn kt qu kim tra.
3.2 Yu cu i vi kim tra trc quan
3.2.1 Kim tra trc quan phi thc hin trong tnh trng h thng in nh khng c in v
trc khi kim tra bng th nghim.
3.2.2 Kim tra trc quan phi bao gm t nht l cc ni dung sau y:
a) Cc bin php bo m an ton chng in git;
b) Cc bin php bo m an ton chng chy lan;
c) Vic la chn v lp t cc thit b bo v, gim st;
d) Vic la chn v lp t dy dn;
) Vic la chn v lp t thit b ng ct v cch ly;
e) Vic la chn, lp t thit b v bin php bo v thch hp vi cc nh hng t bn
ngoi;
g) Nhn dng ng dy trung tnh (dy N) v dy PE;
h) C cc s cng vi cc thng tin cn thit trn t in;
i)

Nhn bit cc mch in;

k) Tnh trng ca cc mi u, ni;

l)

S c mt y v ph hp ca cc dy PE, bao gm c cc vng ng th chnh v ph;

m) Kh nng tip cn thao tc v bo tr;

n) Thit b ng ct mt cc khng lp t trn dy N;
o) Vic la chn, lp t LPS.
3.3 Yu cu i vi kim tra bng th nghim
3.3.1 Phi tin hnh th nghim (nu c cc phn t cn kim tra) theo cc ni dung ch yu
sau:

41

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
a) Tnh lin tc ca dy PE, ca mch ng th chnh v ph;
b) in tr cch in ca h thng in nh;
c) Bin php bo v bng mch in tch bit; ngun SELV hoc ngun PELV;
d) in tr cch in ca sn v tng cch in;
) Bin php bo v b sung bng RCD nhy cao;
e) T ng ct ngun cp in;
g) Th t pha;
h) Th nghim chc nng;
i)

in tr ni t ca LPS.

3.3.2 Trng hp c kt qu th nghim khng t yu cu th phi tm v sa cha sai st,

sau phi th nghim li, k c nhng th nghim trc m kt qu c th b nh hng.
3.3.3 Phi th nghim tnh lin tc ca dy PE, bao gm c mch vng ng th chnh v ph
bng ngun in mt chiu hoc xoay chiu.
3.3.4 o in tr cch in gia cc dy ti in tng i mt v gia tng dy ti in vi t
ca h thng in nh; Kt qu o khng c thp hn tr s quy nh ti Bng 6.
Bng 6 - in tr cch in thp nht cho php
in p danh nh ca
mch in

in p th nghim
V

in tr cch in thp nht

cho php
M

50

250

0,5

T trn 50 n di 500

500

1,0

3.3.5 Phi tin hnh th nghim bin php bo v bng ELV v mch in tch bit bng cch
o in tr cch in gia mch in c ELV hoc mch in tch bit c u cc thit b
dng in vi cc mch in khc v vi t; Kt qu o khng c thp hn tr s quy nh ti
Bng 6.
3.3.6 Phi s dng thit b ph hp o in tr cch in ca sn v tng cch in; Kt
qu o phi ln hn 50 k.
3.3.7 Phi tin hnh th tc ng ca RCD nhy cao dng lm phng tin trong bin php
bo v b sung.
3.3.8 Phi thc hin kim tra cc iu kin ca bin php bo v bng cch t ng ct ngun
cp in chng tip xc trc tip nh sau:
a) i vi s TN-S: Phi o tng tr ca mch s c Zs; Kt qu o phi p ng iu kin
Zs x Ia Uo

(6)

trong :
Zs l tng tr ca mch s c, bao gm ngun cp in, dy ti in, dy PE t ngun cp
in n im s c, tnh bng m ();

42

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ia
l dng in thit b bo v tc ng ct in trong phm vi thi gian quy nh, tnh
bng ampe (A);
Uo l in p gia dy pha vi t, tnh bng vn (V).
b) i vi s TT: Phi o in tr ni t ca h thng in nh; Kt qu o phi p ng
iu kin quy nh ti mc 2.4.2.3.
c) i vi s IT:
-

Phi tnh hoc o dng in khi c s c th nht;

Phi o dng in s c nu khng tnh c dng in ny do khng bit ht cc thng s

ca mch in;

Phi kim tra iu kin ca s c v th nghim ging nh i vi s ni t TN-S (ngn

mch hai pha) khi c s c im th hai.

3.3.9 Phi tin hnh th nghim th t pha cho h thng in nh.

3.3.10 Phi kim tra s hot ng ng vi chc nng ca cc t hp thit b.
4. T CHC THC HIN
4.1

B Xy dng chu trch nhim ph bin, hng dn p dng Quy chun ny.

4.2 Cc c quan qun l nh nc v xy dng chu trch nhim t chc kim tra, thanh tra
vic thc hin Quy chun ny trong hot ng thit k, thm tra thit k, xy dng, nghim thu
a cng trnh vo s dng v bo tr theo quy nh ca php lut hin hnh.
4.3 Trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin Quy chun ny, nu c vng mc, mi kin c
gi v B Xy dng c hng dn v x l.

43

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc A
(Quy nh)
Gii hn th tch trong tm vi

Gii hn
th tch
trong
tm vi

CH THCH: S l b mt c ngi hot ng.

Hnh H.1 - Xc nh gii hn th tch trong tm vi

44

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc B
(Quy nh)
Cp bo v ca thit b in
M IP (ting Anh l IP Code) ca thit b in th hin cp (mc ) bo v ca thit b
in t trong v, hp hoc li bo v. C th nh sau:
-

Ch s th nht (t s 0 n 6) sau ch IP cho bit mc bo v chng cc vt rn:

0- khng c bo v;
1- c bo v chng cc vt rn kch thc trn 50 mm (v d nh tip xc v tnh bng tay);
2- c bo v chng cc vt rn kch thc trn 12,5 mm (v d nh ngn tay);
3- c bo v chng cc vt rn kch thc trn 2,5 mm (v d nh dng c, inh vt );
4- c bo v chng cc vt rn kch thc trn 1 mm (v d nh dng c nh, dy nh);
5- c bo v chng bi (khng ph bi);
6- c bo v hon ton chng bi.
-

Ch s th 2 (t 0 n 8) sau ch IP cho bit mc bo v chng nc xm nhp:

0- khng c bo v;
1- c bo v chng git nc ri thng ng;
2- c bo v chng dng nc ri nghing 150 so vi ng thng ng;
3- c bo v chng dng nc ma ri nghing 600 so vi ng thng ng;
4- c bo v chng dng nc ri theo mi hng;
5- c bo v chng dng nc phun theo mi hng;
6- c bo v hon ton chng tia nc bn theo mi hng;
7- c bo v chng hu qu ngp trong nc;
8- c bo v chng hu qu dm trong nc ko di.
Khi ch s th nht (hoc s th hai) c thay bng ch X th c ngha l khng cp
n mc bo v chng vt rn (hoc chng dng nc).
Tip sau cc ch s, c th c cc ch sau vi ngha chng s xm nhp v tnh ca:
A bn tay;
B ngn tay;
C dng c;
D si dy.
Sau ch th nht , c th c ch th hai vi ngha sau:
H thit b in cao p;
M chuyn ng khi th nghim di nc;
S ng yn khi th nghim di nc;
- iu kin thi tit.
-

V d:

V bc c k hiu IP34 c ngha l:

45

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
3 bo v chng s xm nhp cc vt rn t bn ngoi c ng knh t 2,5 mm tr ln, bo
v ngi cm dng c c ng knh t 2,5 mm tr ln khng v tnh xm nhp vo trong;
4 bo v thit b bn trong chng tc ng c hi ca dng nc ri theo mi hng.
V bc c k hiu IP23CS c ngha l:
2 bo v chng s xm nhp ca cc vt rn c ng knh t 12,5 mm tr ln; Bo v chng
ngi v tnh xm nhp bng ngn tay;
3 - bo v thit b bn trong chng tc dng c hi ca dng nc ma ri nghing 600 ;
C bo v ngi cm dng c c ng knh 2,5 mm, di 100 mm chng v tnh tip xc vi
cc phn nguy him bn trong;
S khi th nghim v nc th thit b in bn trong l tnh trng ng yn (v d nh rto ca
1 my in quay).

46

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc C
(Quy nh)
Chiu sng nhn to
Bng C.1 - ri nh nht cho php theo c im cng vic
Kch thc vt
cn phn bit
mm

Cp
cng
vic

Phn
cp

Tnh cht thi gian ca

cng vic

ri nh nht cho php khi

chiu sng bng n hunh
quang, n compc
lx

T 0,15 n 0,30

a
b
c

Thng xuyn
Chu k tng t
Khng lu

400
300
150

T 0,30 n 0,50

II

a
b
c

Thng xuyn
Chu k tng t
Khng lu

300
200
100

Trn 0,5

III

a
b
c

Thng xuyn
Chu k tng t
Khng lu

150
100
75

CH THCH:
Khi c yu cu v v sinh hoc chuyn ngnh (nh phng n, bp, gian bn hng ca ca hng, phng m, gian
khn gi, phng my, v.v...), c php tng tr s ri ln mt bc theo thang ri sau:
Bc thang

II

III

IV

VI

VII

VIII

IX

XI

XII

XIII

XIV

ri
lx
Bc thang

0,2

0,3

0,5

10

20

30

50

75

100

XV

XVI

XVII

XVIII

XIX

XX

XXI

XXII

XXIII

XXIV

XXV

XXVI

XXVII

ri
lx

150

200

300

400

500

600

750

1000

1250

1500

2000

2500

3000

Bng C.2 - ri nh nht cho php trn b mt lm vic khi s dng h thng
chiu sng nhn to chung trong nh v nh cng cng

Nhm
phng

Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

1.1 Phng lm vic, vn

phng, phng thit k,
phng th nghim

II

Ngang - 0,8

150 - KL*
300- TCK*
400-TX*

1.2 Phng v k thut

Ia

Ngang - 0,8

750

1.3 Phng my tnh

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

500

1.4 Phng nghip v ca

ngn hng, bu in

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

500

1.5 Kho lu tr h s

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

Ghi ch

1. C quan hnh chnh s

nghip, vin thit k, vin
nghin cu

47

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Bng C.2 (tip theo)

Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

a) Bn lm vic

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

200

b) Gi h s

Ngang - 0,8
(trn gi)

75

Dng n loi chngchy

a) B phn trnh by

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

200

Dng n loi chngchy

b) B phn chun b v ch
to khun in

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

150

c) B phn in

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

1.6 Phng in p xt

Nhm
phng

Ghi ch

1.7 Phng in zalt (in

bng nh sng)

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

1.8 Phng nh

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

1.9 Xng mc, m hnh,

sa cha

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

150

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

1.10. Phng hp, hi ngh,

hi trng

Ngang - 0,8

500

1.11 Phng gii lao (hnh

lang ngoi phng hp, hi
ngh, hi trng)

IIIc

Sn

100

1.12 Phng th nghim

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

400

IIb

a) Bng

ng-trnbng 500

b) Bn hc

Ngang - 0,8

200

Ngang - 0,8

400-TX
300-TCK
150-KL

2 Trng hc ph thng,
i hc, cao ng, trung
hc CN, dy ngh
2.1 Phng hc, ging ng
lp hc:

2.2 Phng th nghim, xt

nghim

II

2.3 Phng ho, v k thut,

thit k n mn hc, 1
n tt nghip:

a) Bng

ng-trnbng 750

b) Bn lm vic

Ngang 0,8

48

300

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.2 (tip theo)

Nhm
phng

Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

2.4 Xng dy ngh

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

500

2.5 Xng mc

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

400

a) Hc thu may

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

400

b) Hc nu n

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

200

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

Ghi ch

2.6 Phng n cng

2.7 Gian th dc th thao

Sn ng - 2,0

300

Bo m ri c hai
bn b mt ng qua
trc dc ca phng

2.8 Vn phng, phng lm

vic ca gio vin, hiu
trng

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

300

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

2.9 Phng chi, gii lao

IIIc

Sn

300

2.10 Hi trng, phng

khnh tit, ging ng c
chiu phim

Sn

200

2.11 Sn khu ca hi
trng

ng - 1,5

150

IIIc

Sn

100

2.12 Kho dng c, c,

trang thit b

3 Th vin
3.1 Phng c

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

500

3.2 Phng danh mc sch;

gi sch

Ic

ng-trn mt
danh mc

200

3.3 Phng cp th c gi;

quy thu ngn, nhn sch

Ic

Ngang - 0,8

500

3.4 Phng trng by, gii

thiu sch mi xut bn

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

200

3.5 Kho sch

IIIc

ng-1,0 trn
gi

100

S dng n chng chy

3.6 Phng ng ba, ng

sch

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

150

4 Hi trng, nh ht, rp
chiu bng, cu lc b,
nh trin lm
4.1 Hi trng

49

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.2 (tip theo)
ri
nh nht
cho php
lx
500

Nhm
phng

Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

a) Hi trng trung tm ca
c nc c chc nng t
chc cc hot ng chnh
tr, vn ha

Ngang - 0,8

b) Hi trng trung tm
tnh, thnh ph

Ngang - 0,8

400

4.2 Gian khn gi ca nh

ht, cung vn ho, phng
ho nhc, rp xic

Ngang - 0,8

150-TX
100-TCK
75-KL

4.3 Gian khn gi cu

lc b, nh vn ho, phng
gii lao ca nh ht

Sn

150-TX
100-TCK
75-KL

4.4 Gian trin lm, trng

by

II

4.5 Gian khn gi ca rp

chiu bng c:

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

Ngang - 0,8

300-TX
200-TCK
100-KL

- trn 800 ch ngi

Ngang - 0,8

100

- di 800 ch ngi

Ngang - 0,8

75

4.6 Phng gii lao ca

rp chiu bng, nh vn
ho, cu lc b

IIIc

Sn

150

4.7 Phng sinh hot chuyn

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

200

4.8 Phng t my chiu

phim, thit b iu khin
m thanh, nh sng

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

4.9 Phng ca din vin,

phng ha trang

IIc

Trn mt din
vin gn
gng

150

5.1 Phng nhn tr

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

5.2 Phng nhm tr, phng

chi, th cng, hc ht,
ma, tp th dc

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

300

5.3 Phng ng

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

5 Nh tr,trng mu gio

50

Ghi ch

ri tng mt cp khi
cng trnh c ngha
chnh tr quan trng

ri tng mt cp khi
cng trnh c ngha
chnh tr quan trng

ri tng mt cp do
yu cu thch nghi ca
mt
Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.2 (tip theo)

Nhm
phng

Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

150

Cn t cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

7.1 Phng m

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

1000

Trn bn m phi c
thm n m m bo
ri 3000 lx

7.2 Phng: gy m, , hu
phu, phng bng b

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

500

7.3 Phng bc s, phng

khm bnh chung, vn
phng

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

500

7.4 Phng liu php vt l

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

7.5 Phng (khoa) X quang

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

7.6 Phng bnh nhn

Ibc

Ngang - 0,8

100

7.7 Phng hi chn, ging

ng

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

400

7.8 Phng: y t, h l, trc

ca y t, h l

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

300

7.9 Phng bc s trng

khoa

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

200

7.10 Phng xt nghim

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

350

a) Gian bn hng

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

300

b) Ni nhn n thuc v
thuc pha ch

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

300

Trn bn m phi c
thm n m m bo
ri 3000 lx

7.12 Kho thuc dng c y t

IIIc

ng - 1,0
(trn gi)

75

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

5.4 Phng dnh cho tr

em b m, phng cch ly

Ghi ch

6 Nh ngh
6.1 Phng ng
7 Bnh vin, nh iu
dng

Trn bn m phi c
thm n m m bo
ri 3000 lx

7.11 Phng dc

7.13 Phng ni hp dit

trng

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

7.14 Bung my phng x

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

7.15 Phng chn mn, ni

gi c ca bnh nhn

IIIc

ng 1,0(trn gi)

75

51

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.2 (tip theo)

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

Nhm
phng

Cp
cng
vic
-

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

Ngang - 0,8

500

Cn c cm b sung
chiu sng ti ch

7.16 Phng m t thi v

Nh xc

7.17 Phng ng k, phng

cp cu

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

200

8.1 Phng ch khm

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

500

8.2 Phng ng k, phng nhn

vin trc, phng ca ngi
ph trch

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

300

8.3 Phng bc s, phng

bng b

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

400

8.4 Phng liu php vt l

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

8.5 Bung ni hp ty
trng, kho thuc v bng
bng

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

II

Ngang - 0,8

Gian nh
300;
Gian rng
500

Ghi ch

8 Phng y t
Cn c cm b sung
chiu sng ti ch

9 Ca hng
9.1 Gian bn hng ca ca
hng sch, ca hng vi,
qun o, bch ha, ca hng
m ngh vng bc, lu nim,
thc phm
9.2 Gian bn hng ca ca
hng bn g,vt liu XD,
in, vn phng phm

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

300
-

9.3 Ni thu tin, phng th

qu

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

300

9.4 Kho hng ha

IIIc

Sn

75

10.1 Phng n ca ca hng

n ung

II

Ngang - 0,8

300-TX
200-TCK
100-KL

10.2 Ni giao n ung

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

10.3 Bp

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

400

10.4 Kho thc phm

IIIc

Sn

100

10.5 Nh tm cng cng

2
IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

10 Ca hng n ung,dch v

a) Phng i

52

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.2 (tip theo)
Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

b) Phng thay qun o

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

c) Phng tm hoa sen

IIIc

Sn

75

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

300

a) Ni tip khch v tr hng

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

b) Phng chp

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

75

c) Phng sa nh, sa phim

(r tt)

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

ng - 1,0
(trn gi)

75

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

a) Bung o, th

IIc

ng - 1,5

100

b) Phn xng my

Ia

Ngang - 0,8

400

c) B phn ct

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

300

d) B phn l, hp

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

150

a) M, da, vi bt

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

300

b) Giy dp, in

IIIa

Ngang - 0,8

150

c) ng h, kim hon

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

300

d) My nh, my thu thanh,

v tuyn truyn hnh, my
chiu phim

IIa

Ngang - 0,8

300

Khi s dng chiu sng

hn hp quy nh ri
tiu chun l 1000 lx

IIIb

Ngang - 0,8

100

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

10.6 Hiu ct tc, un tc

Nhm
phng

Ghi ch

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

10.7 Hiu nh
Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

10.8 Ca hng nhum, hp,

ty, git l:
a) Ni giao, nhn hng

b) Phng nhum, ty hp,

git l
10.9 Ca hng may o

10.10 Ca hng sa cha:

10.11 Ca hng bng ghi

m, a ht:
a) Phng ghi, sang
bng v nghe bng

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

53

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.2 (kt thc)

Tn cng trnh, gian,

phng

b) Kho cha bng ghi m,

a ht

Nhm
phng

Cp
cng
vic

Mt phng
quy nh
ri - cao
cch mt sn
m

ri
nh nht
cho php
lx

IIIc

ng - 1,0

75

Ic

Ngang - 0,8

300

Ghi ch

11 Khch sn
11.1 Phng dch v, ni
giao dch vi khch

11.2 Phng bn hng m

ngh, lu nim

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

11.3 Phng n

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

300

11.4 Phng chiu i, hi

ngh v nh bp

IIb

Ngang - 0,8

500

11.5 Bar, v trng

Ngang - 0,8

75

11.6 Quy bar

Ngang - 0,8

100

11.7 Phng khch

Ngang - 0,8

200

11.8 Phng ng

Ngang - 0,8

75

11.9 Phng nhn vin phc

v (bn, bung, bp, bo v,
v.v...)

IIIc

Ngang - 0,8

100

11.10 Phng, l qun o,

nh giy, nh hng

IIc

Ngang - 0,8

200

12.1 Phng khch

Ngang-0,8

200

12.2 Phng , phng ng

Ngang - 0,8

100

12.3 Bp

Ngang - 0,8

200

Ngang - 0,8

75

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

Cn c cm b
sung chiu sng ti ch

12 Nh

12.4 Hnh lang, bung tm,

bung v sinh (x), bung
lm kho

C CH THCH: * K hiu KL l vit tt ca cm t Khng lu;

* K hiu TCK l vit tt ca cm t Theo chu k;
* K hiu TX l vit tt ca cm t Thng xuyn.
1. i vi nhng phng thuc nhm 1 v nhm 2 khng nu trong Bng C.2 c php ly tr s ri
theo Bng C.1;
2. Trong cc phng tm phi m bo chiu sng ti ch to ra ri ti mt phng ng; trn chu
ra mt t nht l 75 lx khi dng n hunh quang v tng ng khi s dng loi n khc.

54

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Bng C.3 - ri nh nht cho php ti cc din tch dng chung trong nh cng cng
Tn phng

1 Snh vo v phng gi o
khoc ngoi:

Nhm
phng

Mt phng quy nh ri
v cao cch mt sn
m

ri nh nht
cho php
lx

a) Cc trng i hc, trng

ph thng, k tc x, khch sn
nh ht, cu lc b

Sn

100

b) Cc cng trnh cng cng khc

Sn

100

a) Cc cu thang chnh

Sn

150

b) Cc cu thang khc

Chiu ngh v cc bc thang

100

2 Cu thang

3 Snh i thang my

Sn

50

4 Phng thng trc

Ngang - 0,8

75

5 Hnh lang li i, cu ni:

a) Cc hnh lang v li i chnh

Sn

100

b) Cc hnh lang v li i khc

6. Tng gip mi:

Sn

100
50

a) Bung ra mt, x, bung v

sinh ph n

Sn

150

b) Bung tm hoa sen, bung gi

qun o

Sn

150

7 Phng v sinh trong cc nh

cng cng:

55

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc D
(Quy nh)
Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x
Bng D.1 - Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x t b mt lm vic c c
tnh phn x gng v phn x hn hp khi phi thc hin nhng cng vic cp I, II, III
c im
cng vic

Cng vic lm
vi nhng b
mt kim loi,
cht do c
(v d nh
phi phn bit
nhng vt
xc, vt nt
v nhng
khuyt tt
khc trn b
mt cc vt,
cc chi tit ...)
Cng vic lm
vi nhng b
mt mu ti
bng cht do,
gm v cc
vt liu khc
(nh phi pht
hin nhng
khuyt tt trn
a ht hoc
nhng sn
phm cao su
cng nghip
.v.v...)

Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x

Ngun
sng
chiu sng
b mt lm
vic

Bng n
hunh
quang

n c b
phn tn x
nh
sng

chi ca
b mt pht
sng ca n
chiu sng
ti ch
cd/m2.103

V tr t
n chiu
sng ti ch
so vi mt
lm vic v
ngi lm vic

Mc nhn
thy s
tng
quan gia
chi
ca vt vi
sn

T 2,5 n 4

B mt pht
sng ca n
phi c phn
x t mt lm
vic theo
hng nhn ca
ngi lm vic
(Hnh D.1-a)

chi
ca vt
cn phn
bit nh
hn chi
ca nn

B mt pht
sng ca n
phn x gng
t mt lm vic
khng c
trng vi hng
nhn ca ngi
lm vic (Hnh
D.1-b)

chi ca
vt cn
phn bit
ln hn
chi ca
nn.

n nh sng
trc tip
khng c b
phn tn x
nh sng

56

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
c im
cng vic

Bng D.1 (kt thc)

Nhng bin php cn thit hn ch chi la phn x
Ngun
sng
chiu sng
b mt lm
vic

chi ca
V tr t
Mc nhn
b mt pht
thy s
n chiu
sng ca n
tng
sng ti ch
chiu sng
quan gia
so vi mt
ti ch
chi ca
lm vic v
cd/m2.103
ngi lm vic vt vi sn

Cng vic i
hi phi phn
bit vt c tnh
phn x, tn x
trn nn tn x
nh sng,
di mt lp
vt liu c th
nhn qua c
(v d nh c
ch s ca cc
dng c o, lp
rp cc sn
phm trong
ci chp bng
vt liu trong
sut, lm vic
vi cc sn
phm c ph
lp vc ni hoc
sn bng,
phn bit cc
nt v trn
bn v k thut,
di lp giy
can, v.v...)

Bt k ngun
sng no

Bt k n
no

Khng quy
nh

B mt pht
sng ca n
phn x gng
t lp vt liu
c th nhn qua
c, khng
c trung vi
hng nhn
ca ngi lm
vic (Hnh D.1c)

Bt c tr s
no

Cng vic lm
vi nhng vt
cn phn bit
v mt lm
vic c c
tnh phn x
hn hp (v d
nh v, vit
bng mc can,
c vn bn
trn giy c
mt lng
bng,v.v)

Bt k ngun
sng no

Bt k n
no

Khng quy
nh

B mt pht
sng ca n
phn x gng
t mt lm vic
khng c
trng vi
hng nhn
ca ngi lm
vic (Hnh D.1c)

Bt c tr s
no

CH THCH: chiu sng ti ch cn s dng cc bng n hoc n phn x gng.

57

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
3

3
1

a B mt lm vic bng
kim loi hoc cht do mu trng

b B mt lm vic bng gm
hoc vt liu mu ti

CH DN:
1
2

1 - Mt ngi lm vic;
2 - Hng nhn ca mt;
3 - B mt pht sng ca n;
4 - B mt lm vic;
5 - B mt lm vic c c tnh tn x nh sng;
6 - Lp vt liu c th nhn qua c.

5
c B mt c kh nng tn x
nh sng di lp vt liu c th nhn
qua c hoc b mt tn x

Hnh D.1 - S b tr n, b mt lm vic v mt ngi lm vic

58

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc
(Quy nh)
Cc loi s ni t
.1 nh ngha v k hiu s ni t
.1.1 nh ngha s ni t
S ni t l s lin h vi t ca hai phn t sau y:
-

im trung tnh ca ngun cung cp in;

Cc v kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in.

.1.2 K hiu cc loi s ni t

Gm 2 hoc 3 ch ci:
-

Ch th nht: th hin s lin h vi t ca im trung tnh ca ngun cp in bng mt

trong hai ch ci sau y:
T (Terre-ting Php) - im trung tnh trc tip ni t;
I (Isol-ting Php) - im trung tnh cch ly vi t hoc ni t qua mt tr khng ln
(hng ngn m).

Ch th hai: th hin s lin h vi t ca cc v kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in

bng mt trong hai ch sau y:
T - v kim loi ni t trc tip;
N - v kim loi ni vi im trung tnh N ca ngun cp in (im ny c ni t trc
tip).

Ch th ba:
S (Spar-ting Php) dy trung tnh v dy PE tch ring nhau.

Quy chun ny quy nh ba loi s ni t sau: IT; TT; TN-S.

.2 S IT
-

im trung tnh ca ngun cp in: cch ly i vi t hoc ni t qua mt tr khng ln

(hng ngn m);

V kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in: ni t trc tip.

59

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

a - Khng c dy trung tnh

b - C dy trung tnh
Hnh .1 - S IT
GHI CH:
1) Trn Hnh .1 khng th hin tr khng (c th c) ni im trung tnh ca ngun cp in
vi t;
2) Trong s IT khng ko dy trung tnh, tr trng hp thit b s dng in dng in p
pha, lc cch in chnh ca mi pha phi chu c in p dy.
.3 S TT
-

im trung tnh ca ngun cp in: ni t trc tip;

V kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in: ni t trc tip.

60

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Hnh .2 - S TT

.4 S TN-S
-

im trung tnh ca ngun cp in: ni t trc tip;

V kim loi ca thit b ti ni s dng in: ni vi im trung tnh ca ngun bng mt dy

ring gi l dy bo v (dy PE);

Dy N v dy PE tch ring;

Dy N khng c ni t, dy PE ni t lp li cng nhiu cng tt.

Hnh .3 - S TN-S

61

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Ph lc E
(Quy nh)
H thng ni t v dy dn bo v

Hnh E.1 H thng ni t v dy dn bo v

CH THCH:
M

v kim loi ca thit b c kh nng chm vo, bnh thng khng mang in nhng
s mang in khi h hng cch in;

Cc phn t dn in khng thuc h thng in nh bao gm:

C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
B

ng dn nc bng kim loi t ngoi vo;

ng dn nc thi bng kim loi ra ngoi;
ng dn kh t bng kim loi t ngoi vo c on ng ni (mng xng) bng vt liu
cch in;
iu ho khng kh;
h thng si;
ng nc bng kim loi, v d trong phng tm;
b phn dn khng thuc h thng in nh nm trong tm vi tnh t b phn dn
in trn;
thanh ni t chnh.

62

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Cc in cc ni t bao gm:
T1
T2
1

ni t mng;
in cc ni t chng st, nu cn;
dy PE;

dy dn lin kt bo v;

3
4
5

dy dn lin kt bo v b sung;
dy dn xung t ca LPS;
dy dn ni t.

63

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc G
(Quy nh)
Vt liu v kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t lm in cc ni t
Bng G.1 - Kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t lm in cc ni t lm t vt
liu thng thng c xt n kh nng chu n mn v bn c

Vt
liu

Thp

ng

B mt

Hnh dng

Khng g (a,b)
hoc m
km nhng
nng (a)

Dt (c)

ng
knh
mm

Thp gc

Kch thc nh nht cho php

Chiu dy lp ph/lp bc
Tit
Chiu
Gi tr
Gi tr trung
din
dy
ring
bnh
2
mm
mm
m
m
90
3
63
70
90

63

70

63

70

Thanh trn
chn di t

16

Dy trn t
ni (d)

10

ng

25

Bc ng

Thanh trn
chn di t

15

2000

C lp ph
ng bng
phng
php m
in

Thanh trn
chn di t

14

90

100

trn (a)

Dt

20

40

50 ()
2

50

1,8
(tng
dy
bn)

ng

20

Ph thic

Cp

1,8
(tng
dy
bn)

Ph km

Dt (g)

(b)
(c)
(d)
()
(e)
(g)

25

Cp

CH THCH:

55

(e)

Dy trn t
ni (d)

(a)

47

25

2
25

50

Cng c th dng c cho in cc t trong b tng;

Khng c lp ph;
L thp dt dng cun hoc x rnh ln trn mp;
in cc c coi nh t trn mt t nu c lp t su khng qu 0,5 m;
Trng hp m nhng lin tc, hin ti v k thut ch t c chiu dy 50 m;
Nu nguy c n mn v hng v mt c hc thp th c th dng tit din 16 mm2;
Dt c ln trn mp.

64

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc H
(Quy nh)
Cc gi tr ca h s k i vi dy dn
Bng H.1 - Cc gi tr ca h s k i vi dy dn
c tnh/iu
kin

Tit din dy
mm2

Loi cch in ca dy dn
PVC
Nha nhit do

300

Nhit ban
u
0
C

>300

PVC
Nha nhit do
90 0C
300

70

EPR XLPE
Nha nhit
cng

Cao su 60 0C
Nha nhit
cng

90

60

>300
90

Nhit cui
cng
0
C

160

140

160

140

250

200

1. Dy ng

115

103

100

86

143

141

2. Mi hn
thic trn dy
dn bng ng

115

CH THCH: Cc gi tr ca h s k nu trn khng p dng cho:

2
- cc dy dn nh (c bit l dy c tit din nh hn 10 mm );
- cc mi hn loi khc trong dy dn;
- cc dy dn trn.

65

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc I
(Quy nh)
Qu in p tm thi pha h p khi c ngn mch chm t pha cao p ca my bin p

a - Trn s TT v TNS

b - Trn s IT
Hnh I.1 Phn tch in p s c
CH DN:

66

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
IE
RE
RB
RA
U0
Uf
U1
U2
Ih
Id
Z

dng in ngn mch chm t trong h thng in cao p chy qua h thng ni t ca
trm bin p phn phi (BAPP);
in tr h thng ni t ca trm BAPP;
in tr h thng ni t trung tnh li h p ti trm BAPP;
in tr h thng ni t bo v ca h thng in nh;
in p pha - trung tnh danh nh li h p;
in p s c tn s cng nghip xut hin gia v kim loi ca thit b v t ca h
thng in nh;
in p chu ng tn s cng nghip xut hin gia dy pha v v kim loi ca my
BAPP khi s c;
in p chu ng tn s cng nghip xut hin gia dy pha v v kim loi ca thit b
trong h thng in nh khi s c;
dng in ngn mch chy qua mng ni t bo v ca h thng in nh khi s c
ngn mch pha - t trong mng cao p v s c ngn mch pha - t ti im th nht
trong mng h p vi s ni t IT;
dng in ngn mch chy qua mng ni t bo v ca h thng in nh khi s c
trong mng h p vi s ni t IT;
tng tr gia im trung tnh h p vi mng ni t (c tr s ln) trong s ni t IT.

Khi c s c ngn mch chm v cun dy cao p ca trm BAPP, cc qu in p tm

thi xut hin trong li h p c xc nh theo Bng I.1.
Bng I.1 - Cc qu in p tm thi trong li h p
S
ni t
TT
TN-S

IT

Cc phng n
ni t

(b)

U2

Uf

U0(a)

U0 + IE.RE

0 (a)

U0 + IE.RE

U0(a)

0 (a)

U0(a)

U0(a)

IE.RE

Ni RE v RB
Tch bit RE v RB
Ni RE v RB
Tch bit RE v RB

U0 + IE.RE

Ni RE v Z
Tch bit RE v RA

U0(a)

Ni RE v Z
Ni lin kt RE v RA

U0(a)

Tch bit RE v Z
Tch bit RE v RA
(a)

U1

U0(b)
U0

(b)

U0 + IE.RE
U0 + IE.RE(b)

Khng cn xem xt.

Khi tn ti s c chm t ti thit b in.

67

U0

(a)

U0 + IE.RE
U0(b)+ IE.RE(b)
U0(a)
U0

(b)

U0(a)
U0(b)

0 (a)
0 (a)
Ih.RA(b)
IE.RE
IE.RE(b)
0 (a)
Id.RA(b)

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc K
(Quy nh)
Yu cu i vi qu in p tm thi
ln v thi gian ca in p s c tn s cng nghip Uf xut hin trong h thng
in nh gia v kim loi ca thit b v t khng c ln hn tr s Uf xc nh bi ng
cong Uf(t) trong Hnh K.1.

Hnh K.1- in p s c cho php Uf do ngn mch

trong h thng in cao p

Bng K.1 - in p chu ng tn s cng nghip cho php

Thi gian ca s c chm t
mng cao p
s

in p chu ng cho php trn thit b

ca h thng in nh
V
>5s
U0 + 250 V
5s
U0 + 1200 V
U0 - in p danh nh pha-pha vi li in khng c dy trung tnh.
Dng th nht ca Bng lin quan n h thng c thi gian ct di, v d h thng cao p trung tnh
cch t hoc ni t qua cun khng (cun dp h quang); Dng th hai ca Bng lin quan n h
thng c thi gian ct ngn, v d h thng cao p ni t trc tip hoc qua tng tr nh; C hai
dng u lin quan n tiu chun thit k cch in ca thit b h p khi c qu p tm thi.

68

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc L
(Quy nh )
in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b
Bng L.1 - in p chu xung yu cu ca thit b
in p danh nh ca h thng
in nh
V
H thng mt
H thng ba
pha c im
pha
gia

(a)

in p chu xung yu cu(a)

kV
Qu in
p cp IV

Qu in
p cp III

Qu in
p cp II

Qu in
p cp I

120-240

2,5

1,5

0,8

230/400

2,5

1,5

400/690

2,5

1000

12

in p chu xung ny c p dng gia cc dy ti in v dy PE.

69

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc M
(Quy nh)
Vt liu v kch thc nh nht cho php ca cc phn t ca LPS bn ngoi
Bng M.1 - Vt liu, cu hnh v tit din nh nht cho php ca dy thu st, dy dn
xung t ca LPS
Vt liu

ng, ng m Thic

Nhm

Hp kim nhm

Cu hnh

Tit din nh nht cho php

mm2

Bng

50

Trn c

(a)

50

Bng bn

(a)

50

Trn c

(b)

176

Bng

70

Trn c

50

Bng bn

50

Bng

50

Trn c

50

Bng bn

50

Trn c
Hp kim nhm bc ng

Thp nhng nng

50

Bng

50

Trn c

50

Bng bn

50

(b)

(c)

176
50

Bng

50

(c)

Trn c

50
(c)

50

Bng bn
Trn c

(a)

(b)

Trn c
Bng

Thp khng r

176

Trn c

Trn c
Thp bc ng

(b)

70

(b)

176
2

50 mm (ng knh 8 mm) c th gim xung 25 mm i vi cc ng dng trong bn

c khng phi l yu cu quan trng. Cn phi xem xt trng hp ny gim khong cch
gia cc kp nh v.
Dng cho kim thu st v in cc t. i vi kim thu st trong trng hp ng sut c hc
nh ti trng do gi khng quan trng, ng knh 9,5 mm, chiu di kim 1 m c th c s
dng.
Nu cc yu cu v nhit v c l quan trng th phi tng cc tr s ny ln thnh 75 mm.

70

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Bng M.2 - Vt liu, cu hnh v tit din nh nht cho php ca cc ni t ca LPS

Vt liu

ng, ng m
thic

Thp nhng
nng

Thp trn (c)

Thp bc ng
Thp khng r

Cu hnh
Bng bn
Trn c
Bng c
ng
Tm c
Tm li (a)
Trn c
ng
Bng c
Tm c
Tm li (a)
Dng mt ct
khc (b)
Bng bn
Trn c
Bng c
Trn c
Bng c
Trn c
Bng c

Kch thc nh nht cho php

ng knh
Tit din dy
Tm ni t
in cc
ni t
mm
2
mm
mm
50
15
50
50
20
500x500
600x600
14
78
25
90
500x500
600x600

14
15

(a)

70
78
75
50
90
78
100

Tm li vi tng chiu di dy dn khng qu 4,8 m.

2
Cc hnh dng mt ct khc nhau phi c tit din nh nht l 290 mm v dy nh nht l 3 mm.
(c)
Su 50 mm ngm trong b tng.
(b)

71

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

Ph lc N
(Quy nh)
Phn loi cc vng theo mc nguy him v in

a - Hnh chiu cnh, khu vc c

bn tm

b - Hnh chiu bng

c - Hnh chiu bng (c vch ngn c nh

v bn knh xc nh khong cch nh nht
quanh vch ngn)

d - Hnh chiu cnh, khu vc c vi hoa sen

Hnh N.1 - Kch thc cc vng trong khu vc c bn tm hoc vi hoa sen c chu hng

72

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

b - Hnh chiu cnh (c vch ngn c nh v bn

knh xc nh khong cch nh nht t u
pha trn ca vch ngn)

a - Hnh chiu cnh

c - Hnh chiu bng (vi v tr khc nhau ca u phun nc ra c nh)

d - Hnh chiu bng c u phun nc ra c nh (c vch ngn c nh v bn

knh xc nh khong cch nh nht quanh vch ngn)
CH DN:

- u phun nc

73

QCVN 12:2014/BXD
Hnh N.2 - Kch thc ca vng 0 v vng 1 trong khu vc c vi tm hoa sen
khng c chu hng

Hnh N.3 - Kch thc cc vng ca b bi chm (hnh chiu ng)

Hnh N.4 - Kch thc cc vng ca b bi ni (hnh chiu ng)

74

Hnh N.5 - Kch thc cc vng ca b bi (hnh chiu mt bng)

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

75

QCVN 12:2014/BXD

cm in

Tng cch nhit

Tng cch nhit

Hnh N.6 - Kch thc cc vng ca khu vc ln cn phn t gia nhit sinh hi

76