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N /A
UM E
B I T
DEFINITION
Asphaltenes are large, high molecular
weight hydrocarbon fractions
precipitated from asphalt by a
designated paraffinic naphtha
solvent. Asphaltenes have a carbon to
hydrogen ratio of 0.8. It is insoluble in
n-heptanes/n-pentane, etc.
Asphaltenes constitute the body of
the asphalt.
Resins are hydrocarbon molecules
with a carbon to hydrogen ratio of
more than 0.6 but less than 0.8. It
provides ductility and adhesiveness
to asphalt.
Oils are hydrocarbon molecules with
a carbon to hydrogen ratio of less
than 0.6. Oils influence the viscosity
and flow of the asphalt.
Constitutes
of Bitumen :
Complex chemical mixture of molecules
that are predominantly hydrocarbons
with a small amount structurally
analogous species (sulphur, nitrogen,
oxygen atoms). Some trace quantities
of metal such as vanadium, nickel,
iron, mg, calcium.
Carbon : 82-88 %
Hydrogen : 8-11 %
Sulphur : 0-6 %
Oxygen : 0-1.5 %
Nitrogen : 0-1 %
CLASSIFICATION
Native Bitumen
Cutback Bitumen
Bitumen Emulsions
Modified Binder
ASPHALT CEMENT/NATIVE BITUMEN
:The primary asphalt product produced
CUTBACK BITUMEN/LIQUID
ASPHALT
Bitumen, the viscosity of which is
reduced with a suitable volative
diluent usually a petroleum distillate.
It is a fluid binder that can be handled
at air temperatures.
It can be mixed with aggregates in cold
condition.
Types and grades are based on the type
of solvent, which governs viscosity and
the rates of evaporation and curing.
1. RC (Rapid Curing) :
use naphtha or gasoline as a solvent.
high volatility of solvent
tack coats, surface treatments
2. MC (Medium Curing) :
use kerosene as a solvent
moderate volatility
stockpile patching mix
3. SC (Slow Curing) :
use diesel fuel as a solvent
low volatility
prime coat, dust control
BITUMEN EMULSIONS :
A liquid product in which a substantial
amount of bitumen is dispersed in a finely
divided droplets in an aqueous medium
containing an emulsifier and a stabilizer.
Emulsifier gives surface charge to
asphalt droplets suspended in water
medium
Cationic Emulsions :
asphalt particles have positive charge
adhere better with negative particles
(e.g. , silica)
acid in nature
also work better with wet aggregates
and in cold weather
Anionic Emulsions :
Medium Setting (MS or CMS) —
A medium breaking emulsion used for
plant or road mixes with fine aggregates
between 5 percent and 20 percent retained
on 2.36 mm sieve.
- Used for open graded premix work and
bituminous macadam.
Types of Modifiers :
Sulphur
Natural Rubber
Crumb Rubber from discarded tyres
Styrene-butadiene-Styrene (SBS)
Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA),
polypropylene,etc
General requirements of
modifier :
Be compatible with bitumen
Be able to resist degradation of bitumen at
mixing temperature
Be capable of being processed by
conventional mixing lying machinery
Produce coating viscosity at application
temperature
Maintain premium properties during
storage, application and in service
Be cost-effective
Polymer Modified Binder (PMB)
A straight run bitumen, the
characteristics of which have been
improved by addition of polymers,
namely, styrene-butadiene-styrene
(SBS), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) or
polyethylene (PE).
Crumb Rubber Modified Binder
(CRMB)
A straight run bitumen whose
characteristics have been modified by
addition of crumb or natural rubber.
Advantages of modified bitumen:
Lower susceptibility to daily seasonal
temperature variations
Higher resistance to deformation at
elevated pavement temperature
Better ageing resistance properties
Higher fatigue life of mixes
Better adhesion between aggregates and
binder, especially under exposure to
water
Preventing cracking and reflective cracking
Overall improved performance in extreme
climatic conditions and under heavy
traffic conditions.
Some other bitumen :