Events Involving

Not & Or
Odds
Section 11.6
Pg. 593-604

Probability of an Event Not

Occurring
P(E) + P(not E) =1

Example #1: Cards

If you are dealt one card from a standard 52-card deck, find the
probability that you are NOT dealt a queen.

P(not a queen) + P(queen) =1

P(not a queen) =1-P(queen)

Queen/suit
=4
queens/deck
=
=

P(not a queen) =1P(not a queen) =

P(not

a queen) =

Example #2: Cards

If you are dealt one card from a standard 52-card deck, find the
probability that you are NOT dealt a diamond.

P(not a diamond) + P(diamond) =1

P(not a diamond) =1-P(diamond)

13

diamonds/dec
k
=
=

P(not a diamond) =1P(not a diamond) =

P(not a diamond) =

Mutually Exclusive Events

If it is impossible for events A and B to occur simultaneously,
then the events are said to be mutually exclusive

P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Example #3: Cards

If one card is randomly selected from a standard deck of 52

cards, what is the probability of selecting a king OR queen?
P (king or queen) = P(king) + P(queen)
1

king/suit
=4
kings/deck
=
=

queen/suit
=4
queens/deck
=
=

P(king or queen) =
P(king

or queen) =

Example #4: Dice

If you roll a single, six-sided die, what is the probability of rolling
a 3 OR 6?
P (3 or 6) = P(3) + P(6)
one

6/die

one

3/die

P(3 or 6) =

P(3

or 6) =

P(3

or 6) =

Or Probabilities
That are NOT Mutually Exclusive
Events that CAN occur at the same time
i.e. queen or a heart because there is a queen of hearts

P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B)- P(A

and B)

Example #6: Spinner

A spinner as 8 colored regions numbered 1-8. What is the
probability that the spinner will land on an even number or a
P(E)
number
greater than 5?
P (E or n>5) = P(E) + P(n>5)- P(E
=
and
n>5 )
P(E or n>5) =

P(n>5)

=
P(E

and
n>5)
=

P(E

or n>5) =

Example #6: Spinner

A spinner as 8 colored regions numbered 1-8. What is the
probability that the spinner will land on an odd number or a
P(O)
number
less than 5? P (O or n<5) = P(O) + P(n<5)- P(O
=
and
n<5)
P(O or n<5) =

P(n<5)

=
P(O

and
n<5)
=

P(O

or n>5) =

Example #7: Baboons

In a group of 25 baboons, 18 enjoy grooming their neighbors, 16 enjoy screeching,
while 10 enjoy screeching and grooming their neighbors. If one baboon is selected at
random, what is the probability that it enjoys grooming its neighbors OR screeching?
P(G)

=
P(S)

=
P(G

P (grooming or screeching) = P(G) + P(S)- P(G and

S)

P(G or S) =

and S)

P(G or S) =

P(grooming or screeching) =

May the Odds be Ever in Your

Favor

Probability to Odds: Odds in Favor

Odds in favor of E found by taking P(E) and dividing by P(not E):

Odds in Favor of E =

Example #8: Odds in Favor

You roll a single, six-sided die. What are the odds in favor of
rolling a two?
Odds in Favor of rolling a 2 =
P (E)=

(not E)=1-

P(not E) =
P

(not E)=

Odds in favor of rolling 2 = are 5:1

Probability to Odds: Odds Against

Odds in favor of E found by taking P(not E) and dividing by P(E):

Odds against E =

Example #8: Odds Against

You roll a single, six-sided die. What are the odds in against
rolling a two?
Odds in Favor of rolling a 2 =
P (E)=

(not E)=1-

P(not E) =
P

(not E)=

Odds against rolling 2 = are 1:5

Example #9: Odds in Favor &

Cards
You are dealt a single card from a 52-card deck. What are the odds in favor of getting a red queen?

(E)=

Odds

in Favor of a red
queen=

(not E)=1-

P(not E) =
P

(not E)=

Odds in favor of red queen= 25:1

Example #9: Odds Against &

Cards
You are dealt a single card from a 52-card deck. What are the odds against getting a red queen?

(E)=

Odds

(not E)=1-

against getting a red queen =

P(not E) =
P

(not E)=

Odds against red queen= are 25:1

Example #10: Odds Against & Raffle

Tickets
If 500 tickets are sold and you purchase ten, what are the odds against you winning?
P

(E)=

Odds

(not E)=1-

against getting a red queen =

P(not E) =
P

(not E)=

Odds against winning raffle = 49:1

Example #11: Odds Against & Raffle

Tickets
If 1,000 tickets are sold and you purchase 5, what are the odds against you winning?
P

(E)=

Odds

(not E)=1-

against getting a red queen =

P(not E) =
P

(not E)=

Odds against winning raffle = 191:1

Odds to Probability
If the odd in favor of E a to b, then the probability of E :

P(E)=

Example #12 P(odds) at Horse

Race
Odds in favor of Lightning the horse winning the Kentucky Derby
are 2:5. What is the probability that Lightning will win?

P(lightning winning)=

P(lightning winning)=

P(lightning

winning)=

Example #12 P(odds) at

Greyhound Race
Odds against Lexi the greyhound winning the race are 15:1. Find
the probability of the odds in favor of Lexi winning the race.

P(Lexi winning)=

P(Lexi winning)=

P(Lexi winning)=

Odds in favor:
1:15

Example #13 P(odds) at Super

Bowl XLIX
Odds against the Dallas Cowboys winning the Super Bowl are 7:1.
Find the probability of the odds in favor of Lexi winning the race.

P(Cowboys winning)=

P(Cowboys winning)=

P(Cowboys

winning)=

Odds in favor: 1:7