A Phreatic eruption is an explosive volcanic eruption caused when water and

heated volcanic rocks interact to produce violent expulsion of steam and

pulverized rocks; magma is not involved (Foxworthy & Hill, 1982)
MINERALOGY OF ERUPTIVE PRODUCTS
Products of the 2002 eruption consist of grey ashes and altered blocks. These
products are derived from highly altered lavas of andesitic to dacitic
compositions. Some samples show complete silicification. The mineral phases
were studied by X-Ray diffraction and SEM/EDS. They are composed of
amorphous silica, cristobalite, quartz, pyrite, marcasite, pyrophyllite (AlSi 2O5OH)
and alunite (KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6). Anhydrite or gypsum and kaolinite (Al 2Si2O5(OH)4)
are sporadic phases. Pyrite is very widespread and is well crystallized in altered
rocks.
HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM OF PAPANDAYAN VOLCANO
The November 2002 eruption produced notable changes in the chemistry of the
hot springs, especially the evolution in sulfur isotopic compositions suggests a
decrease in the magmatic contribution to the chemistry of the hydrothermal
system. Most of the observed chemical changes can be related to a modification
in the dynamic circulation of the hydrothermal fluids to the surface by the
opening of new fractures. Furthermore, no evidence of intrusion of fresh magma
in the upper part of the hydrothermal system has been found. The hydrothermal
zones are likely restrained to faults or permeability structure. The acid fluids
ascend to the surface and lead to the formation of hot springs or descend along
the structures to deep level and react with the host rock. This interpretation may
explain why closely different fluids can cause different types of advanced argilic
alterations.