Class notes Grade 5:

Civil War

Unit 6

pages 244 to 274

Lesson 1: King Cotton pg. 244-249

Vocabulary:
1. slave state pg. 246
2. free state pg. 246
3. Missouri Compromise pg. 246
4. tariff pg. 247
Cotton rules the south: pg. 244-245
A.1800s cotton became most important cash crop in south
B. Plantations enslaved African workers to work in cotton fields
C. Sold cotton to factories in Great Britain
D. Cotton fields were in TN, AL, MS
E. 1806-Congress passed law-no more enslaved workers could be brought to US
F. Enslaved population kept growing because slaves had families
Political Balance: pg. 246-247
A. 1819 Missouri asked to be admitted to Union as a slave state
B. At time, US had 11 free states and 11 slave states
C. If Missouri came in as slave state-balance was in even
D. Senator Henry Clay, KY, came up with Missouri Compromise
E. Under MS Compromise MS entered slave and ME entered as free state
F. Also slavery was not allowed in any new state north of Missouri
Economic differences:
A. Slavery not only issue in south
B. Cotton king of south so were other crops
C. North was industrial center-manufactured all types of equipment
D. 1777 VT first state to outlaw slavery
E. In north, men women, and children worked in factories to make cloth, iron tools,
rope,
F. tariffs raised the cost of foreign products
Tariffs divided states: pg. 248-249
A. Tariffs good for north, but angered people of the south
B. tariffs meant fewer British sold goods in the US
C. Fewer sales meant Great Britain had less money to buy cotton
Speaking out against Congress:
A. John C. Calhoun (SC) said Congress was trying to destroy southern economy
B. Also said Congress was trying to force south to end slavery
C. President Andrew Jackson strongly disagreed with Calhoun
D. Jackson sent US troops to SC to enforce tariffs
E. Civil wart began

Lesson 2: Heading to War pg. 250-257

Vocabulary:
1. abolitionist pg. 251
2. debate pg. 255
3. treason pg. 256
4. secede pg. 257
5. civil war pg. 257
The fight over slavery pg. 251
A. 1830 americans wanted to end slavery
Immediate Release:
A. Frederick Douglas-born into slavery-escaped to north-published antislavery
newspaper called The North Star
B. 1852-Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Toms Cabbin-about a cruel slaveholder
Underground Railroad:
A. 1830s start Underground Railroad-way for slaves to escape to the north
B. secret network of trails, river crossings, and hiding places
C. enslaved called passengers, helpers called conductors, houses called stations
D. Harriet Tubman-escaped and became famous conductor on underground railroad
Compromise leads to violence pg. 252-253
A. Congress tried to settled slavery issue with series of compromises
Compromise of 1850:
A. Victory in War with Mexico brought more land into US control
B. 1849 California joined union as a free state-upsetting the 15-15 balance
C. Compromise of 1850 allowed CA to join but enacted the Fugitive Slave Law
D. Fugitive Slave Law forced Americans to return runaway slaves to the person whom
had held them or go to jail
E. Fugitive slave law angered northerners
Kansas Nebraska Act: pg. 253
A. 1854 Congress created new territories: Kansas and Nebraska
B. Senator Stephen Douglas introduced popular sovereignty-people voted on
accepting or banning slavery
C. this overturned Missouri compromise
New Political party:
A. Passage of Kansas-Nebraska act caused northern abolitionists to form new partyRepublicans
B. lawyer form IL-Abraham Lincoln-joined the party-he believed slavery was wrong
and called for it to be abolished

Bleeding kansas:
A. With passage of Kansas-Nebraska act people began to move to Kansas
B. they went there to vote on popular sovereignty
C. Northern abolitionists responded by also moving to kansas
D. Armed settlers form both north and south came and 1856 violence broke out
E. settlers how favored slavery burned free town of Lawrence KS to ground
F. Days later, John Brown, and sons killed 5 southerners
A Nation Divided: pg. 254
A case about freedom:
A. Case of Dred Scott vs. Stanford-enslaved person owned by doctor in Missouri-moved
with doctor to Illinois-then to Wisconsin-moved back to Missouri-doctor died-Scott
argued that he was free because he had lived in free states.
Eleven years later, Supreme court said Scott was not free
B. Decision meant that enslaved workers could be brought anywhere and they are still
slaves
Lincoln Douglas debates: pg. 255
A. 1858 2 candidates from Illinois attracted national attention Lincoln and Douglas
B. held 7 debates-lasted 3 hours-drew crowds
C. Douglas disliked slavery but never said anything-Lincoln was against slavery
D. Lincoln won the election
At the edge of war: pg. 256-257
John Browns raid:
A. JOhn Brown conductor on underground railroad-from NY
B. He tried to start a revolt among enslaved people
C. planned to attack Harpers Ferry, VA and give weapons to enslaved to fight against
plantation owners
D. October 16th, Brown captured arsenal-enslaved did not join him-or revolt
E. 2 days later-Robert E Lee- recaptured the arsenal
F. Brown convicted of treason and hanged
Election of 1860
A. election 1860-Lincoln ran as republican-Douglas ran as democrat
B. Lincoln took stand against slavery
C. Southern states said they would secede if Lincoln was elected
D. November 1860-Lincoln won-December South Carolina seceded
E. By February 6 more states seceded-called them selves Confederate Sates of
America-elected Jefferson Davis as their president
Shots Fired:
A. spring 1861-Confederate troops seized US army arsenals
B. Fort Sumpter, SC, refused to surrender-commander asked fro more supplies

C.
D.

Before supplies could arrive confederates fired on the fort

April 12, 1861 the Civil War had begun

Lesson 3: Nation Divided by War pg. 258-265

Vocabulary:
1. draft pg. 259
2. Anaconda Plan pg. 262
3. total war pg. 264
The War Begins: pg 259
A. BOth the north and the south thought the war would only last 2 months
B. Civil Ware became the bloodiest war in american history
Battle of Bull Run: pg. 259
A. First major battle of Civil War-July 21, 1861-in a stream near Manassas, VA-called
Bull Run-between Washington DC (Union capitol) and Richmond, VA (Confederate
capitol)
B. sightseers set up picnics on the edge of the battle field to watch
C. Stonewall Jackson-Confederate General Thomas Jackson stood strong with his
troops-nickname stonewall
D. South won the battle
Must know:
Strengths and weaknesses of the Confederacy (page 260) & the Union (page 261)
The War continues: pg. 262-263
A. General Winfeld Scott-Union commander-came up with plan
B. Anaconda Plan- made it difficult for south to get supplies and fight
Anaconda Plan
A. Plan had 3 parts: 1. blockade southern ports-so south could not get weapons and
supplies 2. north would take control of the Mississippi river and divide the south
preventing them form using river to move supplies 3. Union troops would invade the
south squeezing the region from the east and the west.
Souths strategy:
A. Jefferson Davis-Confederate president- asked for help from France and Great
Britain because they needed cotton from the south for their factories
B. He thought British ships could break the blockade
C. Davis was wrong-Britain had a surplus of their own cotton and France did not want
to join a foreign war

Battle of Shiloh: pg 263

A. April 6, 1862-Shiloh, TN-Confederates surprised Union troops commanded
Ulysses S Grant
B. Union troops were near defeat when a second Union army arrived
C. Confederate could not hold off new troops
D. North won battle of Shiloh
E. Last time sightseers would come to a battlefield
New kind of War: pg. 264-265
A. Different kind of war-went beyond battlefields to farms, towns, and homes
B. entire population was pulled into the war
New Technology
A. railroads, telegraphs, rifles, bullets, mines, iron covered battleships, cannon balls
B. Confederate built first iron ship-USS Merrimack
C. Union built iron ship-USS Monitor
D. March 9, 1862 two shops battled-off VA coast-neither ship could sink the other
E. Victory was given to the north because they kept the blockade in place
F. Union army kept control of the Mississippi river-Anaconda plan was working

Lesson 4: Union moves toward Victory pg. 266-273

Vocabulary:
1. Emancipation Proclamation pg. 267
2. Gettysberg Address pg. 271
Battle of Antietam: pg. 267
A. Lincoln wanted to make speech needed to do it after a victory-victory came on
September 17, 1862
B. Lees confederate troops marched north into Maryland-he was headed for
Washington DC
C. Encounter Union army at Antietam Creek
D. Union won the battle
Lincolns announcement
A. Five days after battle of Antietam Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation
B. Document stated on January 1, 1863 all enslaved people in the Confederacy were
free-did not apply to slave states that stayed in the Union: DE, KY, MD, MS
C. Hoped it would give the Union army a new purpose to fight on, weaken the south,
and help end the war
Public opinion changes
A. Emancipation proclamation changed reasons for fighting the war

War rages on pg. 268

A. Emancipation Proclamation encouraged hundreds of African americans to join the
war
B. Robert Shaw was asked to organize the first African American regiment
The fighting 54th
A. February 1863-Shaw began to train the 54th Massachusetts Colored Regiment
B. all volunteer regiment included 2 of Frederick Douglas sons
C. By end of war over 200,000 african Americans had joined war
The Fall of Vicksburg: pg. 269
A. July 1863-Grant controlled the Mississippi River and Union troops took control on
Vicksburg, MS
B. for months city had been attacked by Grants troops
C. lack of food and supplies forced the people of Vicksburg to surrender on July 4,
1863
D. Victory gave Union control of Mississippi River and cut the south in half
The turning point pg. 270
A. Spring 1863, Lees troops had defeated Union in several battles
B. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson was killed at Chancellorsville
C. July 1864-Lees army under General Mead met Union in farm field near
Gettysberg, PA neither army intended to fight
D. fought for 2 days-neither side was able to win
Picketts Charge pg. 270
A. July 3, 1863-confederate ammo running low-Lee ordered General George Pickett
to charge Union lines
B. formed lines mile wide and half mile deep-12,000 men ran across open field in
cannon and rile fire form union troops
C. Lee was forced to retreat
D. lines carrying wounded soldiers back to VA was 17 miles long
E. 51,000 soldiers were killed or wounded
F. Union victories Gettysberg and Vicksburg were turning point of the war
Gettysberg Address og.271
A. November 1863- Lincoln gave address dedicating a cemetery for the dead Union
soldiers
B. Lincoln thought speech was a failure because the crowd was silent, but they were
silent out of respect for the dead
C. Copy on pg 271-one of greatest speeches in history
The war effects pg. 272
A. Everyone was effected by the war: factories made weapons, railroads transported
goods and supplies, children worked on farms, boys as young as 11 worked as
buglers and drummers.

Women and the war pg. 272

A.Women from both the north and the south supported the war
B. they worked in factories, on family farms, ran family businesses, and helped the
military
C. Cared fro wounded soldiers, made bandages, sewed uniforms, tents, and made
ammunition
D. Some were even spies-Rose Grenbow-confederate nurse and spy-Harriet
Tubman-Union conductor of underground railroad and union spy
E. Clara Barton-brought food, medicine, and supplies to battlefield-later founded the
Red Cross