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  • ISO 31 - 7-EnGL 1992 Quantities and Units Part 7

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    Wilbert Flores
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    Norma ISO sobre Unidades y Cantidades parte 7

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    ISO 31 -7-EnGL 1992 Quantities and Units Part 7

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    Norma ISO sobre Unidades y Cantidades parte 7

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    1K Ansichten19 Seiten

    ISO 31 - 7-EnGL 1992 Quantities and Units Part 7

    Hochgeladen von

    Wilbert Flores
    Norma ISO sobre Unidades y Cantidades parte 7

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 19
    STD.ISO 3b-7-ENGL 3992 MM 4853903 077564 140 mm INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 31-7:1992 31-8:1992 31-9:1992 31-10:1992 31-12:1992 31-13:1992 AMENOMENT 1 7008-12515, Quantities and units — Part 1: Space and time Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena Part 3: Mechanics Part 4: Heat Part 5: Electricity and magnetism Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations Part 7: Acoustics Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics Part 10: Nuclear reactions and onizing radiations Part 12: Characteristic numbers Part 18: Solid state physics AMENDMENT 1 Grandoure ot untés — Parte 1: Espace ot tmps Parte 2: Pnénoménes pérockques et connexes Pare 3: Mécanique Parte 4: Chalour Parte 5: Becticté et magnétame Pari 6: mie et ryennements ecromagndsqusconnores 7: Acoustique Prarie & Chane pique ot pysiae moti Pare 9: Physique atomique et nucéalre 'AMENDEMENT 1 ru matt round ro 190 focunae snr Yererat Oren ot ‘Stndrdaten 980) Copy Une Mant NSRCCTIOGS, Net rane bert ace 00 sme ey tn mroeeed ny frm nce ote {eum oor, asp now n epg sory ns wt pr wen evn of 1 fae pore 88,121 Gere 2. ‘Saino ax S41 227561099 cr 80 Unmrsmono Fetorence number 18031 (pans 1 to 10, 12 and 13}:1962/Amd,1:1996(E) Copy bythe Iteration! Orgrization For Standardization Freon 14 124726 2000, STD-ISO 3b-7-ENGL 3992 MB 4853903 O775b47 O87 ae 180 31 (parts 1 to 10, 12 and 13):1992/Amd.1:1998(E) Foreword 180 (the Intemational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide {ederation of national standards bodies (‘SO member bodies). The work of Breparng itematonal tna rormaly cried out rough 180 ‘echnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which ‘technical committee has been established has the right tobe represented ‘on that committee. Intemational organizations, governmental and non- Smrormerta, Sloan wi 190, ooo ihe pat nthe wrk, 190 Collaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft Intemational Standards adopted by the technical committees are Circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intemational ‘Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting vote, ‘Amendment 1 to parts 1 to 10, 12 and 13 of Intemational Standard 180 31:1982 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12, Quantiias, ‘nts, symbols, conversion factors. © 1501008 ‘tga mere ries carn apa, opr. is maton maybe rpc {tae wy or ory ay mara, eecrs ache, HED PRCOODIOD ae ‘nef, bet peaeaon wlan fom fe puta. Intemational Organization fr Standartzaton (Case pote 86+ OF 1211 Gentve 20 Swizwand titan lowtnoch| Patan Strand apy bythe inerational Orgerizaton For Stndaratin Fred 14 12:47:46 2000, e180 180 31-1:1992/Amd.1:1998(E) 180 31-2:1992/Amd.1:1996(E) 180 31-3:1962/Amd.1:1998(E) Quantities and units — Part 1: Space and time Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena Part 3: Mechanics Part 4: Heat Part 5: Electricity and magnetism Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations Part 7: Acoustics Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics: Part 10: Nuclear reactions and ionizing radiations Part 12: Characteristic numbers Part 13: Solid state physics AMENDMENT 1 Pagev Replace subclause 0.9.2 withthe following text: 03.2. Remark on units for quantities of dimension one ‘The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one is the number one, symbol 1. When the value of such a quantity | expressed, the unit symbol 1 is generally not writen out explety. EXAMPLE Ffracve index n = 1,53%1= 1,58 Proie shal not be used o form mutipes or submits of his un. ted of pate, powers of 10 may be EXAMPLE Reynolds number Re = 1,32 x 10° Considering that plane angle is generally exprassod as the ratio of two lengths and sold angle as the ratio of two areas, in 1995 the CGPM has spectied that, in the International System of Units, the radian, rad, and the steradian, sr, are "dimensionless" derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle are considered as derived quantities of dimension one. The units radian and steradian may be omitted, or they may be used in ‘expressions for derived units to facltate distinction between quantities of different nature but having the same ‘dimension. Copy by the Iteration! Orgorzaon For Stondaization Freon 14124755 2000, GE a Se Boueee oe ee INTERNATIONAL STANDARD EERE Quantities and units — Part 7: Acoustics Grandours et unités — Partie 7: Acoustique Reference number 180 31-7 198216) Coppigh by the InlerationlOrgaizatan For Standadzation Frdon 14125012 2000, Foreword SO {the Intemational Organization for Standardization) is @ worldwide federation of national standards bodies (|SO member bodies). The work (of preparing Intemational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which @ technical committoe has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intemational orgenizations, governmental ‘and non-governmental, in lisigon with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO. ‘collaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission {UEC on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards. adopted by the technical committees are Circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intemational ‘Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting ‘vote, International Standard ISO 31-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 12, Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition 1978). The major technical changes from the fist edition are the — the decision by the Intemational Committee for Weights and Measures, {Comite Intemational des Poids et Mesures, CIPM) in 1380 conceming the status of supplementary units hes been incorporated: = the special remark on logarithmic quantities and units has been elab- orated; — the annex on CGS units has been deleted. ‘The scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 12 is standardization of units ‘and symbols for quantities and units (and mathematical symbols) used ‘within the different fiekis of science and technology, giving, where Necessary, definitions of these quantities and units. Standerd conversion factors for converting between the various units also come under the ‘scope of the TC. In fulfilment of this responsiblity, ISO/TC 12 has pre- pared 1S0 31, © 's0 1982 5 area Unn erinanai po arf he uetion may bn oan ‘or tland many form o by any maar, socooe er mechanical, cus phocepy ad ‘microti, without permission Ieternaoe! Organon fr Sunduriarton (Case Peete 00 CH211 Gene 20° Swtawand Pred in Swinward Copy bythe iteration Orgrzoton Fer Stadorézain Fre dn 14 12:50:13 2000, e1so 180 31-7:1992(6) 1S 31 consists of the following parts, under the general title Quantities ‘and units. — Part 0: General principles — Part 1: Space and time — Part 2: Periodic and related phenomena — Part 3: Mechenics — Pat 4: Heat — Part 5: Electricity and magnetism — Part 6: Light and related electromagnetic radiations — Part 7: Acoustics — Part 8: Physical chemistry and molecular physics — Part 9: Atomic and nuclear physics — Part 10: Nuclear reections and ionizing radiations — Part 11: Mathematical signs and symbols for use in the physical sciences and technology — Part 12: Characteristic numbers — Part 13: Sold state physics Copygh by the Internation! Grgrzotan Far Stondriation Freon 14125016 2000, Introduction 0.1 Arrangement of the tables ‘The tables of quantities and units in ISO 31 ere arranged so that the ‘quantities are presented on the lefthend pages end the units on the cor- responding right-hand pages. ‘All nits. botwaen two full ines belong to the quantities between the cor- regponding full lines on the left-hand pages. Where the numbering of an item has been changed in the revision of 2 prt of ISO 31, the number in the preceding edition is shown in parent ‘9808 on the left-hand page under the new number for the quantity: a dash iced tolndete ut he tam asenton St open reser on. 0.2 Tables of quantities ‘The most important quantities within the field of this document are given ‘together with their symbols and, in most cases, definitions. These def ritione are given merely for identification; they are not intended to be compete ‘The vectorial character of some quentites is pointed out, expecially when this ls needed for the definitions, but no attempt is mede to be complete (F consistent. In most cases only one name and only one symbol forthe quantity are ‘given: where two or more names or two or more symbols ere glven for ‘one quantity end no special distinction is made, they ere on an equal footing. When two types of hac (sloping) letter exit (for example as with 9, 6: «, 6; a.) only one of theese is given. This does not mean that the ‘other's not equally acceptable. In general itis recommended thet such variants should not be gwen different mesnings. A symbol within par- fetheses implies thet its @ “reserve symbol", to be used when, in a particular context, the main symbol isin use with a different mesning. 03.1 General Units for the corresponding quantities are given together with the intor- ‘ational symbols and the definitions. For further information, see ISO 31-0. ‘The units are arranged in the following way: 8) The names of the SI units ar given in large print Jarger than textsize). “The SI units have been adopted by the General Conference on Weights ‘and Measures (Conference Générale des Poids et Mesures, CGPM) Capit by the International Orgarzaton Far Slndorization Fevdon 14 125017 2000, 180 31-7:19921E) ‘The Si units and their decimal muhiples and sub-multiples are rec- ‘ommended, although the decimal multiples and submuttiples are not ‘explicitly mentioned. ‘The names of non-SI units which may be used together with SI units because of their practical importance or because of their use in ‘specialized fields are given in normal print (textsize). ‘These units are separated by @ broken line from the SI units for the ‘quantities concemed. ‘The names of non-SI units which may be used temporarily together with St units. are given in small print (smaller than text size) in the “Conversion factors and remarks” column, ‘The nares of non-S! units which should not be combined with S! units ‘re given only in annexes in some parts of ISO 31. These annexes are informative and not integra pars of the stander. They ae arenged in ree groups: 1) special names of units in the CGS system; 2) names of units besed on the foot, pound and second and some ‘other related units; 3) names of other units. 03.2 Remark on units for quantities of dimension one ‘The coherent unit for any quantity of dimension one isthe number one (1). Petter the elie uch crueiy Ie eorseseed: te tl tie oenerely not ‘writtan out explcity. Prefews shall not be used to form multiples or 8ub- ‘multiples of this unit. Instead of prefixes, powers of 10 mey be used. EXAMPLES. Refractive index n= 1,83 x 1 = 1,53 Reynolds number Re = 1,32 x 10° Considering thet plane angie is generally expressed as the ratio between ‘wo lengths, and solid angle as the ratio between an area end the square ‘of 2 length, the CIPM specified in 1980 that, In the International System ‘of Units, the radian and steradian are dimensionless derived units. This implies that the quantities plane angle and solid angle ere considered as ‘dimensionless derived quantiies. The units radian and steradian may be ‘used in expressions for derived units to feciitate distinction between ‘quantities of cifferent neture but having the same dimension, 0.4 Numerical statements ‘Al numbers in the “Definition” column are exact. When numbers in the "Conversion factors end remarks” column are ‘exact, the word “exactly” is added In parentheses after the number. 0.5 Special remarks 05.1 General ‘The explanations in the “Definition” column for quantities assume that systems will normally be linear. Copyright by the Irleration!Orgastztion For Slondordzation Fridan 1125019 2000 On EEE 150 31-7:1992(E) e1s0 ‘When it is necessary to use subscripts to avoid confusion between similar symbols in ferent fee, the eubecpt “a” recommended fr use ecoustics. 05.2 Remark on logarithmic quantities and untts ‘The expression forthe time dependence of a damped harmonic oscitation ccan be warten either in real notation or as the real part of a complex no- tation F{) = Ao cos ct = Re (Aol) ‘This simple relation involving 6 end @ can be obtained only when @ (bese ‘of netural logarithms) is used as the base of the exponential function. The ‘coherent SI unit for the damping coefficient & and the angular frequency {2s second to the power minus one, 1/s. Using the special nemes neper, Np, and radian, rad, for the units of d+ and ax respectively, the units for & ‘and @ become neper per second, Npjs, and radian per second, rad/s, re- ‘spectively. Neper end radian ere special names for the “dimensionless” Unie one, 1. The neper is used as 2 unit for logarithmic quantities; the radian i used as a unit for plane angles end for the phese of circular Corresponding varision in space is tested inthe samme manner FQ) =Ae* cos fr=Re(to™), rma tif where the unit fora is neper per metre, Np, and the unit for 8 is radian per mate, radjm. {In {SO 31, the level of = field quentity is therefore defined es the natural logarithm of a ratio of two amplitudes, Ly = In(FiF), and is hence & {quantity of dimension one. The unit neper (= the number 1) is the level of efiekd quantity when Fa = 6. ‘Since power is often proportional to the square of en amplitude, » factor 4/2 ia introduced in the definition of the level of a power quantity Lp (112) InP IPs) in order to make the level of the power quantity under ‘these circumstances equal to the level ofthe field quantity. In practice the non-coherent unit degree, ..*, (1° = /180 rad) is often used for angles and the noncoherent unit bel, 8, [1 B = (1/2) In 10. Np 1,151 293 Np]_besed on common logarithms "10) for logarithmic quantities. Instead of the bel, ts submutiple the decibel, dB, is commonly used. Copp bythe Iteration Orgnizaion Fer Standart Frodon 4125022 2000, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © !SO Quantities and units — Part 7: Acoustics 1 Scope This part of ISO 31 gives names and symbols for Quantities and units of acoustics. Where appropriate, conversion factors are also given. 2. Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, ‘through reference in this text, constitute provisions Cf this part of ISO 31. At the time of publication, the ‘titions indicated were valid All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of 1SO 31 are encouraged 10 investigate the possibilty of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO Copyriah by the lntrntonalOrgantzation Far Slondrdation Fibsan 14125024 2000, iso 31-7:1992(E) ‘maintain registers of curently valid Interetionel ‘Standards, ISO 16:1978, Acoustics — Standard tuning frequency (Standard musical pitch). 180 31-2:1992, Quantities and units — Part 2: Per- ‘dic and related phenomene, 180 131:1979, Acoustics — Expression of physical ‘and subjective magnitudes of sound or noise in ar. 3 Names and symbols ‘The names and symbols for quantities end units of ‘acoustics are given on the following peges. AcousTics teen No. ma 72 For the standard tuning fre- ‘quency (standard musical pitch), S00 ISO 16. For two tones, the binary log- ‘rithm of the ratio of the higher frequency to the lower fre- ‘quency ony Distance in the direction of ‘propagation of a periodic wave between two successive points where at given time the ‘phase isthe same onwh ‘The vector quantities « ond & corresponding to repetency and ‘angular repetency are called ‘wave vector and propagation ‘vector respectively. Mass divided by volume Copy by the IntrntonlOrgaszation For Slondriation Freon 14125025 2000 ACOUSTICS (continued) [= | Deflation Presoure thet would exist in the ‘absence of sound waves Difference between the instar ‘taneous totel pressure and the static pressure Instantaneous displacement of 2 particle in a medium from ‘what would be its position in the eboence of sound waves. 7a (710. a a 72 rn L 7343 20 Instantaneous rate of volume flow due to a sound wave ‘When any of the quantities 7-922 to 7-13 inclusive is per- lodic, its symbol is often used ‘without modification for its root-mean-square (7.m.5,) value, 744 (713.0) ‘Mean sound energy in a given ‘volume divided by that volurne Ifthe energy density varies with time, the mean must be ‘taken over an interval during which the sound may be con- sidered statistically stationary. 718 (715.1) Power emitted, transferred or received as sound waves 747 748.0, For unidirectional sound power, ‘sound power through a surface normal tothe direction of prop- ‘agstion divided by the area of the surface opyght by the Ilerationd Orgrizaion For Slandrization Frndan 4125030 2000, 180 31-7:1992(6) ACOUSTICS (continued) ‘Conversion fctors and remark ‘er oar, 1 bar= 100 kPa (exact) Capit bythe inertial Orgarizaton Fer Slondorézatin Fitdan 14 12503 2000 ACOUSTICS (continued) Quantity Definition ‘ecoustic impedance ‘Ata surface, the complex re-_| in definitions 7-18 to 7.20.2, the presentation of sound pressure | quantities in the numerators divided by the complex repres- | and denominators are assumed entation of volume flow rete | to be sinusoidal. ‘Ata surface (orate point the |2=t qm AZ mae Mecenoets ‘where A is the aree of the sur- representation of average par- ‘face considered. the voloty at that surface (or of particle velocity at that point) inte decon of the force 7.20.1 ‘At a surface, the complex re- (217m presentation of sound pressure

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