Penetration of fuel spray

Penetration of fuel spray

Fuel penetration during fuel injection limits
the size of the combustion chamber and
engine cylinder

Factors deciding fuel penetration

Fuel injection pressure

Diameter of the orifice
Length to diameter ratio of the orifice
Density of the air in the combustion chamber
Viscosity of the fuel

Two types of velocity in fuel injection

Spray tip velocity
Average individual particle velocity

Two types of penetration

Penetration of spray tip
Average penetration of individual particle

Orifice length to diameter ratio

4:1 to 6:1 ------ max penetration
1:1 to 3:1 ------minimum penetration

Dispersion of fuel spray

Increased fuel injection pressure
Reduced fuel oil viscosity
Higher air pressure in the combustion
chamber
Proper injection nozzle design
Large shape edged orifice
Reduced length to diameter ratio of orifice
Nozzle tip which gives a large cone shaped spray
or by a multihole nozzle

In airless injection system fuel

injection system is accomplished by
the following means
Nozzle tip which gives a cone shaped spray
A nozzle tip with several orifices (5 to 8)
2 or more separate nozzles, in large engines

Nozzle holes & fuel dispersion

Diameter of the nozzle hole 0.245 to 0.305
mm
Number of nozzle hole 3 to 8
Separation b/w orifice nozzle tip 0.2 mm

 Dispersion of fuel spray is indicated by spray

cone angle
spray cone angle angle b/w the tangents
drawn to the periphery, at a distance equal to
60 d
d orifice diameter