irine CaCaniZe

enis arsebobis formaTa kontaqtireba

erTi enobrivi situaciis pirobebSi

interferenciis warmoSobis mTavari piroba enaTa kontaqtebia. 50-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi termini `enaTa Sereva" Seicvala `enaTa kontaqtebiT",
romelic enaTmecnierebaSi a.martinem Semoitana. es cneba 1953 wels
ganamtkica u.vainraixma monografiaSi `enaTa kontaqtebi". paralelurad
sabWoTa literaturaSi bilingvizmTan dakavSirebiT Semovida iseTi
terminebi, rogoricaa `enaTa urTierTgavlena", SemoTavazebuli l.SCerbas
mier (SCerba, 1958, gv.42), `enaTa urTierTqmedeba", SemoTavazebuli
i.deSerievis mier (1958, gv.142). vnaxoT ras gulisxmoben enaTmecnierebi
`enaTa kontaqtebSi".
u.vainraixi miuTiTebs, rom `ori an meti ena im SemTxvevaSi ganixileba
erTmaneTTan kontaqturad, Tu erTdroulad gamoiyeneba erTi da imave
pirebis mier" (vainraixi, 1953, gv.1), xolo a.diboldi aRniSnavs, rom
`lingvistebi TviTon `saswavlo situacias" ganixilaven, rogorc enobriv
kontaqts" (diboldi, 1961, gv.98).
enobrivi kontaqtis gageba, rogorc situaciisa, aris b.havranekisTanac.
mecniers termini miaCnia sakmaod mosaxerxeblad da farTo mniSvnelobis
mqoned, oRond iqve dasZens, rom `lingvistur TvalsazrisiT, enobrivi
situaciis garda arafers gamoxatavs" (havraneki, 1972, gv.94).
sociolingvistikis poziciidan swored enobrivi situaciis modelebis
Suqze ganixileba enaTa kontaqtebi.
rusi enaTmecnieri v.avrorini werda: `Tu ar gavarkvieT arsebobis ra
formebia mocemuli ama Tu im enisTvis, da ar ganvixilavT TiToeuli enis
funqcionirebas maTs urTierTqmedebaSi; Tu ar davadgenT enis gamoyenebis
sferoebsa da saSualebebs, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT im socialur
pirobebs, romlebSic funqcionirebs ena, Cven ver SevZlebT sakmaod
srulad warmovidginoT enobrivi situacia" (avrorini, 1975, gv.52).
rogorc vxedavT, sociolingvistikis TvalsazrisiT ena sazogadoebaSi
warmodgenilia Tavis arsebobis sxvadasxva formiT, da Sesabamisad, enaTa
kontaqtirebis pirobebSi ZiriTadad swored es hipostazebi urTierT-
qmedeben.
amgvari urTierTobebis peripetiebi ganxilul unda iqnes enobrivi
situaciis konkretuli modelis Suqze. sociolingvistikur literaturaSi
enobrivi situaciis modelirebis ramdenime cdaa mocemuli. Tumca Cvens
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac vixilavT q.quTaisSi mcxovrebi rusul-qarTulenovani
mcirericxovani jgufebis monacemebs, sanimuSaod aviReT e.Tumanianis modeli
(Tumaniani, 1981, gv.80). Tumaniani gvTavazobs Semdeg aRniSvnebs:
A _ avtoqTonuri anu adgilobrivi warmoSobis ena
B _ meore ena
C _ mesame ena
patara asoebiT (Sesabamisad a1, a2, a3 an b1, b2, b3 da a.S.).
aRiniSneba am enaTa arsebobis formebi
mag. a1 _ saliteraturo ena
a2 _ yoveldRiuri sasaubro ena
a3 _ teritoriuli dialeqti
a4 _ socialuri dialeqti
Svidi-rva wlis winandeli situacia quTaisSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
rusulenovani jgufebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoisaxos Semdegnairad:
A (qarTuli) B (rusuli)
v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b1
a2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b2
v-----------------------------v
v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b4
enaTa arsebobis formebis amgvar gadanawilebas xels uwyobda poli-
tikuri status-kvo. saqarTvelo sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda:
aqedan, am jgufebisaTvis b1 (rus. saliteraturo ena)-is moxmarebis
safuZvels iZleoda ganaTlebis sistema, `sakavSiro daqvemdebarebebis"
organizaciebi. b2-sa da b4-s safuZvels uqmnida adgilobriv mkvidrTa
enobrivi loialoba.
dRes sxenebuli jgufebisaTvis, romlebic kompaqturad ar cxovroben
Cvens qalaqSi, enobrivi situaciis modeli iRebs Semdeg saxes:
A B
a1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v
(a2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - b2
(a3) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v
(a4) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - v
rogorc vxedavT, situacia kardinalurad Secvlilia (komponentebis
gadanawileba aSkarad polarul xasiaTs atarebs), radganac damou-
kideblobis mopovebis Semdeg qarTul enas Seeqmna socialuri safuZveli
funqcionirebis sferoebis gasafarToeblad, xolo aramkvidri mosaxleobis
enas kanonzomierad SeunarCunda misi arsebobis yoveldRiuri-sasaubro
(обиходно-разговорный) forma; igi gadaiqca am jgufTa Sinauri urTierTobis
enad.
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos sxva regionebs, romlebSic dasaxlebulia
araqarTulenovani mosaxleoba, enobrivi situaciis msgavsi suraTis miReba
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod ganaTlebisa da saqmiswarmoebis sferoebSi
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enis uflebebis aRdgenis Semdeg.

damowmebuli literatura

1. avrorini, 1975 _ Аврорин В. А. Проблемы изучения функциональной стороны языка.

Л.
2. deSerievi, 1958 _ Дешериев Ю. Д. Развитие младописьменных языков народов СССР.
М.
3. diboldi, 1961 _ Diebold A. Incipient bilingualism. – Language, v.37, №1.
4. vainraixi, 1953 _ Weinreich U. Languages in contact. The Hague.
5. Tumaniani, 1982 _ Туманян Э. Г. Типология языковых ситуаций (комплексные модели
оппозиций форм существования языка). – Теоретические проблемы социальной лингвистики.
М.
6. SCerba, 1958 _ Щерба А. В. О понятии смешении языков. – Избр. работы по
языкознанию и фонетике, т.1, Л.

Irine Chachanidze

Contact of Existant Forms of Language in One Linguiatic Situation

Summary

From the sociolinguistic point of view language contacts have been discussed in the light of
modelling of linguistic situations.
The sociolinguistic specialist literature presents several attempts of modelling of linguistic situatuins.
Though in our case, when discussing the data of the small Russian-Georgian-speaking group living in
Kutaisi, E. Tumanian's model has been taken as a basis.
After Georgia became independent, the Georgian language was granted a social basis to broaden the
spheres of functioning, and the languages of non-native population retained their colloquial form. Such
Languages became in-group vernaculars.