ROAD USERS

Drivers
Motorcyclists

Cyclists

Passengers

INFLUENCED BY:
a) Physical
) Perception
) Vision
b) Environment
) Weather & Lighting
) Traffic volume
) Road geometry
c) Psychological
) motive of the journey
) emotions

traffic
flow/volume
BASIC
CONCEPTS

speed

density

q = n/t
data
i.
Annual traffic
ii.
ADT & AADT
iii. Hourly traffic

Spot
speed

headway

FUNDAMENTALS
OF TRAFFIC FLOW
headway
measured in terms of
time
spacing in terms of
distance between
front bumpers

average time
headway
no. of vehicles
occupying a given
length of lane at a
particular instant
k(v/km) =
vehicle/length of road

Journey
speed

running
speed

instantaneous
speed of a
vehicle

measurements:
i.
Enoscope
ii.
Pneumatic
tubes
iii. Video
recording
iv. Radar
gun/camer
u =a
distance/total
journey time
time includes
all delays
u =distance/
(total journey
time delays)

Time
mean
speed

Arithmetic mean
of all
instantaneous
speeds

Space
mean
speed

Mean travel
speed of
vehicles
traversing a
roadway
segment of a
known distance

Space mean speed is always

less than time mean speed