[ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mechanical and microstructural characterization of Cu/CNT nanocomposite layers fabricated via friction stir processing Jalal Jofari- Mobammad Kazem Besbarai Gis- ‘Motsen Bormoue Rea 2 Aug 7614/Acaqat 25 Nsom 204 TS Sponge rag Lone 318 Abstract In this sus, tho ofc of incorortion of arbor nanotubes into pure copper was investigated through fcion sir processing (FSP) To tis end, FSP hasbeen petfomed using one and tee pases. Mencover, she changes ia peak temparnure of onsyase fcten sit processing performed by tools th siferent shoulder dra have been rsseded, It was found that for the teol wih smuler oul, the proses tapers peak has teen sgrifcamy rohced, Remarkable raluction i gin sie of Culcbonmaetube napecanpesies was ob- Served es compared withthe pure copper. Raman spe. trosmopy result proved a higher event of degrdon of carton ranoubes upon inetesing the fristion sir proves ing pases On the eter hand, mirohanness and wear resus stowed tht as the eb aanotbes ar inte {0 the pure copper, hanbess of composts processed ia fone- ad thee-ficton sir processing passes showed or hancement ofS and 103 °%,rspecivly, and the wolht esses were abo dovroaed 31 and 68 %, wipecirey vas also oberved that friction cocticnt of one-pass proceso composite i lowe than that of The pie conor due o he psec of carbon motte clases Wheres tte ction coefsem of theeqass proces! compas vas inetd regarding tothe pur eoppet. The redaction In slope of wear waht los upon incrcing the applied fowe at the Wea 6st said the higher effikney of the process composts andr harsh coins ie inert of ae, oan avers nd ite Ch Zar an Aa Scaiimbameteivicie Keywords Nenosompostsmataials Mechs properties Miostucture-Seomningeeton microscopy Friction sirproessing 1 Inroduction Pore cope with excellent slstrcal and thermal prop= erties is of great importance in diferent industies Nevertheless, die 10. poor mechanksl properties such 5 hardness and Near fesistancs,M epliation Hn ff, One ofthe siey methods to improve these properise fs to goverate © compote surface leer on assure Incorporation of ceramic reinfrxments sich a SiC inks metals fas boon previously repo by ou ero4p 1} and tested in outsending improvement in surface ropes of the compos. Hoyer, it could be ox posi tat for ebieing Bear rss, tose renfosing fzonts should be wsod tat despite improvement in ‘mechanical propertis, could cause the lowest damage 2S pomible fo the elecckal popeties of copper Within the last decade, carbon nanotubes (CNTS) dave been widely used ae reinforcing agents in compos: iss du fo their oustanding propetcs such a excelent sfetic weduhas very high thermal and slestrical con dstivigy and high aspeet mio 2-7). However, process ing of hese composts paiculicly metalCNT compos tes has been rather challenging [8] OF importa chal lenges to nose are the flowing: (I) sepreation and Aistnbution oF CATS within the meal mats, Q) stuc- ‘wr dogrodation of CNTs at elovted processing ter peratures, (3) rection between carton and the mien retail, and (2) poor wetting betwoon CNTS and met ‘CUCNTeamposes exhibit high poteml in cases suchas, ‘ermal manogemsnt applications (3), electrical sliding Dsyingeema applications [10] an inexconoetappaton [1]. ‘These cammponies have boxn fivieated thru various rtd incising rexnial bien, pressing thes, and subaxuent sintering: pay methods sever piste defor sation thos: and casing methods rion si processing (FSP) is no ofthe patie dor sion mahal, which hs ben inverted frelon ction str welding FSW) [12] should be rosa tet FSPisio sw, Inexpensive, es, and fst In adn, epetivesbear sess 6 paricuaty into case of mul pass FSP could be an semaine to saree and dstrbute CNTs within the mes mais. Moreover, siace FSP 8 consid asa sobdstte piste derma wth. one ight ar he enor hoot any actions between CNTs and the molten ml ‘Neves, depending am is parameters (raves speed, rottona pos, shoulder damier, et), FSP targets oud be Widely varios ss « fancien of he mal ming terpertre. Fed al 3] have presente the following sel othe FSW het input tena! sr whore isthe heat input per Tength nit of the weld Fs the efficiency. ci the ftom coecin, P isthe lownyant pressure of the too, w fe the oto sped ofthe Wol i the shouker radius oft to, and 8 the uaverse speed of the tool. Basod on this equtin, fono may postulate thatthe tool seldor ras i the ey puraneter in govering the eat input for PSW. Thang et al. [14] have measured the peak temperature {oy FSW of the pure copper They demonstrated thatthe ppeopiate temperature ange for a proper welding 2p- plioton by 2 tool with shoulder dimeter of 12 rh 6 within the range of 450-520 °C, ‘We have rcvionly prodeed CuSiC composes vin FSP and densa tt fnzening the FSP pases incre density ad decreased the composite pores []. Since CONTE, de to thet specs geomery, possess Hw weting properties, mulpass FS? could fad to epovement in interfacial bonding: Mishra cal [15] have demonsits the suviablity of CNTs daring FSP sing Raza spetosopy and SEM images. Ma etal [oJ have repaed CNTs sh ing witin ihe AUCNT corpses prod by fas FSP and domonsraed ta, dsp the shoreing of CNTS, yer ctr of the tubes was sive. Base on the previous reports, there no litte on proton of CuCNT com posts vin FSP. One ofthe pole calenges facing his Eomposite, as compared with AFCNT composes, isthe Nigher meting pot of copper whieh eo Had w a great deal of bet generation and potable degradation ofthe ly ‘srs of CNT Dea In this sudy, CENT composites have boon produced ting flicion sic processing wth one and ere passes. tn fords w analy the pak temperate of FSP, ev dierent tools with shouldse diameters of 12 and 16 mim wore ‘employed. Moreover, toon propeiss ofthe snp, po lass sis the fro tol, vere inventiguted Beeane sbi temperate, in which siviabiliy of CNTs cold be guest was generated in tha ese. The sure propeics Inching micrbardaos and wer vessbace were eluted sin onder to sty the miomsrctae as Wel a sun ab- ‘ty of CNTs, optical msroscony, canning eet mic0- ys and Ruan specescopy were apo, espetively. The Fiction cote values Tor the cmpouies ss lly het Iehovir ander vv leans of the wear tet ere tod sr 2 Materials and methods CCommenly availble CNT (mer Bam, 20-30 a: prt, >959%; kg, 2-10 yan aldol epper pte (zs, 70» 100 mum an hicks, 6 rw) were used in his study a th enfereing phase and bas material respectively In onder to fabricate composts by FSP, CNT powders were closed in a gov (03 i ph Sm in wih) which ‘wes comved fy @ wirecat machine pei inthe mide ‘copper pies Aer the CNT pout wete compres fit the groove, te upper srfe ofthe groove was closed ‘witha FSPAhe tol without pinto prevent eupoutng the CENT posse. The, tooo wa plans hy hep in te late for processing he compas and nirorctre reip= tent. The procesing tol wa lat Hy am angle of 2 3° Ih this work, fr investigation onthe temperate variation du ing FSP, wole with diferent stouldar clamor: (12 and Tomi) er sed Boh the tos were made of ha working steel with squire pin diameter and length ofS and 2 mim. rexgectvel. For all be samples, the uverse and ratios] {yea of he ool were Fd 9 1D nin ad 100 pm, recive. The penetration depth ito heuer itn the worgpae cureine was 02 mm {17 “The mai moti stay st erhance ihe survey of «aon nanotubes str throughout the copper mais der severe themo-mchanicalsoesss. To this end, PSP was fry applic on the pare expe using tots wih erent stouke dameer and then te mlcroutuental changes and terpertire variations were analyzed ia opel microssop, scaming elton mirosopy. and a K-ype themocouple. Figure I shows sshemtivally how the themocouple was ‘onrivd nthe copper spe. The cradnion karate ‘ofeation mite sedi this werk in he org oF 500 50°C. Thee, anon ihe employed tas tbe ol with lower procesing tamper vas usd er prdicing com poses, To sty the eet of FSP pases onto rain se