THEME: MANAGEMENT AND CONTINUITY OF LIFE

LEARNING AREA: 1. THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES

1.8 Understanding sound and hearing.

1)

Describe the properties of light, i.e. reflection and refraction.

TREE MAP

Properties of Light

Properties of Light

Reflection
Reflection
Occurs
when
light
bounces off the surface
of an object
When light hits the
surface of and opaque
object (plane mirror),
light will be reflection
Examples : vehicles with
a rear-view mirror.
Peiscope

Refraction

Refraction
The bending of a light ray
when it enters a medium
of different density
When
light
passes
through a transparent
object (glass block), light
will be (plane mirror), light
will be refraction
Examples : swimming
pool to appear shallower

When light hits the

surface
of
and
opaque object (plane
mirror), light will be
reflection

When light passes

through a transparent
object (glass block),
light will be (plane
mirror), light will be
refraction

2) State the various vision defects.

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A person with normal eyesight can see near and

distant objects clearly. But not for person who
suffers from defects of vision.
The common defect of vision are : shortsightedness, long-sightedness, astigmatism,
clolour-blindness and presbyopia.

long-sightedness
efect of

short-sightedness
efect of

Properties of Light

long-sightedness

short-sightedness
efect of

Condition :Able to
see near object
clearly
Cause : Eye lens
is too thick. Eye
ball is too short
Image formed at
infront retina
Corrected by :
Concave lens

Condition :Able to
see distinct object
clearly
Cause : Eye lens
is too thin. Eye ball
is too long
Image formed at
behind retina
Corrected by :
Convex lens

astigmatism

Irregular surface of the cornea.

Person can sees some part of an
object more clearly than other part.
Corrected by cylindrical lens

3) state and give examples of the limitations of sight,

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LIMITATIONS OF SIGHT

X
The blind spot

Y
When images fall on the blind spot, they
cannot be seen.

Optical Illusion
Sometimes the brain distorts images / brain
play trick on us and makes the image
misleading

4) connect stereoscopic and monocular visions with the survival of animals,

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TYPES OF VISION

Monocular vision

Stereoscopic vision

The way objects are viewed

Involving both eyes

Involving one eye only

Position of eyes

In front of the head

Sides of the head

Field of vision

Narrow

Wide

Estimation of distance

Accurately

Examples

Tiger, human, cat, eagles

(predators)

Can estimate distance

accurately
Bird, rabbit, rat, chicken (prey)

5) identify the appropriate device to overcome the limitations of sight.

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OPTICAL INSTRUMENT

A telescope is used to observe

very far and distant object like
the moon.

A magnifying glass is used to

observe very small objects like
small insects or small
letters/numbers

A microscope is used to observe

tiny and minute objects like
micro organisms and cells