Standard Error

Deciles (Measures of Positions)

Introduction

The deciles are the values (nine in numbers) of the variable that
divide an ordered (sorted, arranged) data set into ten equal parts
so that each part represents 1/10 of the sample or population.
Deciles are denoted by D1 , D2 , D3 , , D10 , where First decile
(D1 ) is the value of order statistics that exceeds 1/10 of the
observations and less than the remaining 9/10 and the D9 (ninth
decile) is the value in order statistic that exceeds 9/10 of the
observations and is less than 1/10 remaining observations. Note
that the fth deciles is equal to median. The deciles determine
the values for 10%, 20%... and 90% of the data.
Calculating Deciles for ungrouped Data

To calculate deciles for the ungrouped data, rst order the all
observation according to the magnitudes of the values, then use
the following formula for mth decile.
Dm = m {

(n + 1)
}th value;
10

where m = 1, 2, , 9

Calculate 2nd and 8th deciles of following ordered

data 13, 13,13, 20, 26, 27, 31, 34, 34, 34, 35, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41,
41, 41, 45, 47, 47, 47, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 62, 67, 82.
Example:

Solution:

(n + 1)
}th value
10
30 + 1
= 6.2
= 2
10

Dm = m {

We have to locate the sixth value in the ordered array and then
have to more 0.2 of the distance between the sixth and seventh
values. i.e. the value of 2nd decile can be calculated as
6th observation + {7th observation 6th observation} 0.2

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Standard Error
as 6th observation is 27 and 7th observation is 31. The second
decile would be 27 + {31 27} 0.2 = 27.8
Similarly D8 can be calculated. D8 = 52.6.
Calculating Deciles for grouped Data

The mth decile for grouped data (in ascending order) can be
calculated from the following formula.

h  m.n
c
Dm = l +
f 10

where l

= is the lower class boundary of the class containing mth

deciles
h = is the width of the class containing mth deciles
f = is the frequency of the class containing mth deciles
n = is the total number of frequencies
c = is the cumulative frequency of the class preceding to the class
containing mth deciles

Calculate the rst and third deciles of the following

grouped data
Example:

Deciles class for D1 can be calculated from

c =
= 3rd observation. As 3rd observation lie in

Solution:

m.n
10

130
10

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Standard Error
rst class (rst group) so

h  m.n
c
f 10


5 1 30
= 85.5 +
0
6
10
= 88

Dm = l +
D1

Deciles class for D7 is 100.5105.5 as

which is in fourth class (group).

730
10

= 21th observation


h  m.n
c
f 10


5 7 30
20
= 100.5 +
6
10
= 101.333

Dm = l +
D7

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