Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4 NOV98
Approved FEB 1993; reaffirmed NOV 1998 by American National Standards Institute
kg/m3
lb/bu* )
Grain or seed
Peanuts, unshelled:
Alfalfa
772
60
Barley
618
48
Virginia type
Beans:
lima, dry
runners, southeastern
721
56
lima, unshelled
360412
2832
southeastern
snap
southwestern
360412
2832
other, dry
772
60
Bluegrass)
180386
1430
Broomcorn seed
566644
4450
kg/m3
lb/bu* )
219
17
270
21
322
25
Spanish:
Perilla seed
322
25
476515
3740
901
70)
Popcorn:
ear, husked
Buckwheat
618
48
shelled
721
58
Canola (rapeseed))
669
52
Poppy seed
592
46
Castor beans
528
41
Redtop seed,#)
348451
2735
Clower seed
772
60
Rice, rough
579
45
Rye
721
56
ear, husked
901
Sesame
592
46
shelled
721
56
Sorgo seed
644
50
Cottonseed
412
32
Sorghum grain
721
56
Cowpeas
772
60
Soybeans
772
60
Flaxseed
721
56
515
40
Hempseed
566
44
Sudangrass seed
515
40
309
24
412
32
Corn:
70
Hickory nuts
644
50
Kapok seed
451515
3540
Lentils
772
60
Timothy seed
579
45
Millet
618644
4850
722
60
Mustard seed
747772
5860
Vetch
772
60
Oats
412
32
Walnuts, black
644
50
180
14
Wheat
772
60
*)
Except where otherwise specified, source of lb/bu mass: USDA, 1990. A standard US bushel has a volume of 1.244456 ft3 (or 2150.42 in.3). The bulk density in bins
and other enclosures will vary with moisture and method of filling.
)
Bulk density of grass seeds can increase substantially as purity increases. For both bluegrass and redtop, the major contaminant is sterile flora.
)
Sources: Jayas, et al., 1989; Stroshine, 1988[a].
)
The standard mass of 70 lb is usually recognized as being about 2 measured bushels of corn, husked, on the ear, because 70 lb would normally yield 1 bu, or 56 lb
of shelled corn.
#)
Data from a commercial seed company. Range is for 96 to 98% purity (Stroshine, 1988[b]).
508
Grain
Barley
Barley
Barley
Barley
Barley
Buckwheat
Canola)
Canola)
Corn, mixed
Corn, shelled
Corn, shelled
Flaxseed
Grain sorghum
Grain sorghum
Millet
Oats
Oats
Oats
Oats
Rice
Rice
Rye
Soybeans
Soybeans
Wheat, hard
Wheat, hard
Wheat, soft
*)
Variety
Coast (6 rows)
Hannchen
Synasota
Trebi (6 rows)
White hulless
Japanese
Tobin
Westar
Yellow and white
Yellow, dent
Yellow, dent
Blackhull kafir
Yellow milo
Siberian
Iowar
Kanota
Red Texas
Victory
Honduras
Wataribune
Common
Manchu
Wilson
Turkey, winter
Turkey, winter (yellow)
Harvest, queen
Moisture
constant
(% wet basis)
Air space or
voids* ) in
bulk, %
Kernel
specific
gravity
10.3
9.7
9.8
10.7
10.4
10.1
6.5
6.7
9.0
25.0
15.0
5.8
9.9
9.5
9.4
9.7
9.4
10.3
9.8
11.9
12.4
9.7
6.9
7.0
9.8
9.8
9.8
57.6
44.5
45.4
47.9
39.5
41.0
38.4
38.9
40.0
44.0
40.0
34.6
36.8
37.0
36.8
51.4
50.9
55.5
47.6
50.4
46.5
41.2
36.1
33.8
42.6
40.1
39.6
1.13
1.26
1.21
1.24
1.33
1.10
1.15
1.10
1.19
1.27
1.30
1.10
1.26
1.22
1.11
0.95
1.06
0.99
1.05
1.11
1.12
1.23
1.18
1.13
1.30
1.29
1.32
Figure 1 (A) Relationship between cob moisture and kernel moisture for
ear corn; (B) Mass of ear corn required to yield 1 bu (1 bu 5 56 lb) of
shelled corn containing 15.5% moisture. This is based on a dry matter mass
of 47.32 lb for grain and 9.94 lb for cobs at the cob-grain moisture shown
(source: Iowa State, 1945)
Table 3 Approximate bulk density, D , of several grains as a function of the decimal wet basis moisture content, M (M 5 % moisture wet basis/100).
Multiple sources are provided to illustrate variations caused by different growing conditions, hybrid or variety, etc.
Bulk density
kg/m3
Grain
Wet basis moisture of 15 to 40%:
Barley
Corn (shelled)
Oats
Rye
Sorghum (grain)
Soybeans
Wheat
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Source
Brusewitz,
Brusewitz,
Brusewitz,
Brusewitz,
Brusewitz,
Brusewitz,
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
Nelson, 1980
Nelson, 1980
509
Figure 2 Relation of kernel moisture content and shelling percentage to total moisture content of ear corn and to mass of ear corn
required to yield 1 bu (1 bu 5 56 lb) of shelled corn with 15.5% moisture content (source: Schmidt, 1948)
NOTE For any lot of corn the characteristic index number may be determined by measuring kernel moisture and shelling percentage. The corn
characteristic index is useful when it is desirable to get successive samples for a field as the corn matures and dries. For a given lot of corn standing
in the field the index remains approximately constant as the moisture content drops and other factors change. Once established for a field of corn,
the index permits making estimates from measurement of kernel moisture only. Corn with a characteristic index of 4 or 5 has well-filled ears. Corn
with ears only partly filled or having extensive insect damage will have a higher index number. Figure 1 applies to corn having a characteristic of
5 to 7.
Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
Hall, G. E. Test-weight changes of shelled corn during drying. Transactions of the ASAE 15(2):320323; 1972
510
Zink, F. J. Specific gravity and air space of grains and seeds. Agricultural
Engineering 16(11):439440; 1935