Lecture13

FlameTemperature
Content
Exercise1Flametemperaturewiththeoreticalair
Exercise2EffectofexcessaironAFT
Exercise3
Keywords:Flametemperature,Combustion,furnaces

Exercise1Flametemperaturewiththeoreticalair
Calculatetheoreticalmaximumadiabaticflametemperatureoffuelgasofcomposition96%CH4,0.8%
CO2and3.2%N2whenburntwiththeoreticalair.Assumefuelandairaremixedat25OC
Consider1moleoffuelgas
CH4+2(O2+3.76N2)=CO2+2H2O(g)+7.52N2
POC Amount(kgmole)
CO2 0.968
H2O 1.920
7.52
N2

Heatbalance:ReferenceTemperature25OCOr298k.
Sensibleheatinair&fuel+Heatofcombustion=Heatinproductsofcombustion1)
Sensibleheatofreactants=0sincetheyareSupplied25O C.
.
H C
0.968 94.05 103
1.920 57.80
103kcal.(2)

103 0.96

17.89

ThisheatofcombustionraisesthetemperatureofPOCtotheflametemperature.
TheheatcapacityofPOCi.e.Cp
Cp

nCO CP CO

nH OCP H O

nN CP N

103

184

WherenCO2,nN2andnH2OaremolesofCO2N2H2Orespectively.
C

0.968 10.55

7.25 6.66

1.02

2.16
10

10 3 T

3T

72.27

14.41

10

1.92 7.17
3T

2.56

10

.
T

.
T

(3)

By1and3
184

10

c P

(4)

By3and4
184

10

72.27

14.41

10 T

.
T

dT

SolutiongivesTf=2300K.
ConsidertheuseofexpressionCP=a+bTandrecalculatingflametemperatureCalculatingC and
makingheatbalancegives
0.0072T

72.27Tf

206157

0.

Thisisaquadraticequationwhosesolutiongives
Tf

2319K.

LetuscalculateflametemperaturebyusingaverageCPvaluesofPOC.AverageCPvaluesofPOCare
giveninlecture12.
184000

0.96

12.5 Tf

25

1.92

7.73 Tf

25

7.12

7.25 Tf

25

SolutiongivesT=2643K.
WenotethattheaccuracyofcalculationdependsonCPvalues.ForaccuratecalculationsCP
bT

c/T mustbeused.HoweverusingCP

bT,thoughsimplifiescalculationbutflame

temperatureisslightlygreater(adifferenceof20Kinthisexample).UseofaverageCPvaluesthough
simplifiestheflametemperaturecalculationbutcalculatedflametemperatureisgreaterthanearlier
ones

Exercise2.EffectofexcessaironAFT

Considerthefuelin1.Nowitisburntwitha)20%excessairandb50%excessaircalculateAFTineach
case.
Inthefollowingcalculationswewillbeusing
CP

bT

However,readersmayperformcalculationusing
CP

C/T 2

bT

Take20%excessair
AmountofPOC:CO2=0.968
H2O=1.92
O2=0.40
N2=9.056
Wecancalculate
C

87.18

16.11T kcal|kgmol

Heatofcombustion

184

103 kcal.

Heatbalance
T

184000

87.18

16.11T dT

Integrationyields
184000

87.18Tf

25979.6

8.05x10 3 T

Rearrangement.
8.05

10 3 T

87.18Tf

Tf=2034K.
Similarlyfor50%excess

POC:CO2=0.968
H2O=1.92
O2=1.0

210695

715.3

N2=11.31
Heatbalanceyields.
T

9.18x10
Tf

102.88Tf

215474

1819K

Wenotethatincreaseinexcessairdecreasesflametemperature.ThisisduetoincreaseinN2andO2in
thePOC.
SimilarcalculationscanbedonebyenrichingairwithO2.

Exercise3:
CalculateAFTwhenproducergasofcomposition22.4%CO12.6%CO2and65%N2isburnedwith
theoreticalair.Theairandproducergasenterat250C.
HintHeatbalancewouldbe
Sensibleheatinair+sensibleheatinproducergas+heatofcombustion=sensibleheatinPOC.
Steps:
1.CalculatecompositionofPOC
2.CalculatesensibleheatsinairandPOC
3.Calculateheatofcombustion
4.DoheatbalanceandfindAFT.
AnsTf

1472. 5O CwhenCp

bTisused

Assignment
1)CalculateAFTwhenproducergasofcomposition22.4%CO12.6%CO2and65%N2isburnedwith
theoreticalair.Theairandproducergasenterat250C.

2)Calculatetheadiabaticflametemperatureforcombustionofblastfurnacegasanalyzing24%CO12%
CO2,4%H2and60%N2underthefollowingconditions

Whentheoreticalairisused

Whenairis30%excessthantheoretical

When30%excessairispreheatedto227OCand327Oc

3)Calculatetheoreticalmaximumadiabaticflametemperatureoffuelgasofcomposition96%CH4,0.8
%CO2and3.2%N2whenburntwiththeoreticalair.Assumefuelandairaremixedat25OC