Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Pronunciation
The most important part of spoken Spanish is the pronunciation of the vowels. It is this one aspect of
Spanish that separates the tourist from the native. If you pronounce the language correctly, it will
encourage you to speak it confidently.
The TION Rule
This rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters ...TION
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...CIN
The ATE Rule
This rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters ...ATE
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...AR
The IZE Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...IZE
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...IZAR
The AL Rule
This rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters ...AL
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...AL
The IC Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...IC
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...ICO
The ITY Rule
This rule applies to those words in English with more than two syllables that end with the letters ...ITY
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...IDAD
The ISM Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...ISM (or ...SYSM)
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...ISMO
The SION Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...SION
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...SIN
The OUS Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...OUS (except those preceded by
"ti")
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...OSO
The ENT Rule
This rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters ...ENT
(except "...ment")
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...ENTE
The ALLY Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...ALLY
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the last two letters of the ending with ...MENTE
The ARY / ORY Rule
This rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters ...ARY / ORY
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...ARIO / ORIO
The BLE Rule
This is a very interesting rule, you're going to love it! ...BLE
Words in English that have this ending are exactly the same in Spanish.
The IVE Rule
This rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters ...IVE
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with ...IVO
The Minor Rules (26 of them)
Now that we have covered the Major Rules and you have learned many thousands of words in Spanish,
we will celebrate the occasion by looking at the Minor Rules (and learning a few more thousand words).
Gender & Articles
In Spanish, as in most other languages, there are masculine and feminine-gendered words. This applies
only to nouns and their adjectives (modifiers). Don't panic! It isn't really that complicated.
Conjugating a verb
The verb in Spanish changes when it is conjugated. In English, the verb remains substantially the same.
Because of this, English is a relatively simple language to learn to speak, albeit in a primitive sort of way.
Ser & Estar
The verb "to be" in Spanish must have been thought up by a brilliantly tangled mind, both fool and
genius, and is one of the stumbling blocks in Spanish. It isn't much better in English, either, with "to be" ,
"am", "is" and "are" all jockeying for position!
Roundup
Of course there is a lot more to Spanish than we have covered in this website. But just think for a
moment: when you began reading this website, you probably didn't know any Spanish at all!
Matching Words
"Matching Words" should dissipate any remaining fears that you might have about learning Spanish. You
are not expected, of course, to memorize each of these translations, but the sheer number of similar
English-spanish words...
Colors, textures & shapes
We have here a few colors, shades, textures, shapes and parts of the body.
Useful Words
Here, you will find a few words such as animals, edibles, clothes, toiletries, shops, leisure time and their
Spanish translation.
Numbers
Do we really need to say it?
Useful Verbs
Pronunciation.
If you had recently arrived in an English-speaking country and were faced with having to learn to read and write the language, you
would be faced with a monumental task. Words like "knight", and "knowledge" and "pheasant" would be enough to discourage even
the most determined student. Consider yourself lucky that you have already learned the language! In English, each of the vowels and
any of the consonants have different ways of being pronounced and for just about any "rule" there are a half-a-dozen "exceptions".
So, don't despair! Spanish is a cinch to read, write and pronounce. It is pronounced exactly as it is written and conversely, it is written
just as it is pronounced. Perhaps that is why there are no torturous "spelling bees" in Spanish-speaking countries: if you can
pronounce a word, you can spell it out correctly! You see, in Spanish, every letter is pronounced which is why it is so simple to convert
vocal
Spanish
to
written
words.
The most important part of spoken Spanish is the pronunciation of the vowels. It is this one aspect of Spanish that separates the
tourist
from
the
native.
If
you
pronounce
the
language
correctly,
it
will
encourage
you
to
speak
it
confidently.
Spanish pronunciation of the vowels differs from that in English. You will need to rework your brain cells a bit in order to get it right
but the good news is that in Spanish, like in English, there are only five vowels. The even better news is that they are always
pronounced exactly the same way. Compared to English where, for example, the "a" must be pronounced differently for "apple" than
it
is
for
"acorn"
or
"awful",
you
will
find
that
in
Spanish
is
snap!.
Although the clock is ticking, let's take a moment to have a look at this most important part of Spanish pronunciation. We will still
have plenty of time left to learn the thousands upon thousands of Spanish words you were promised on the main page
The Vowels
In
Spanish,
there
a,
Learn
are
e,
these
five
sounds
five
i,
and
you
"a"
Pronounced
"aah"
"e"
Pronounced
"eh"
"i"
Pronounced
will
be
able
o,
to
pronounce
as
"ee"
any
in
as
vowels:
"far"
in
as
word
in
Spanish
or
"men"
in
"father"
or
"free"
correctly.
"Mexico"
or
"see"
"o" Pronounced "oh" as on "coke". It is very curt sound. Place your mouth as if to pronounce "OH" but don't move you jaw or lips and
force
quick,
short
grunt.
It's
like
taking
the
"w"
off
of
"mow".
"u" Pronounced "ooh" as in "moo" or "too". When preceded by a "q" (unless th "u" is followed by an "a") the "u" is silent. More on this
later
(see
quirk
#7).
Every language has its own intrinsicacies and Spanish is no exception. Apart from the pronunciation of the vowels, there are others
characteristics that make Spanish different from English. Thankfully, as you will see in the next chapters, there also many things that
make it the same. We will refer to these differences as quirks. They constitute an integral part of Spanish pronunciation and at some
point you will need to learn them. However, there is no need to memorize them right now because in later chapters we will refer back
to them whenever they appear. If you aren't in a race with the clock then, go ahead, take a look!
The "h" is silent (not pronounced) unless it is preceded by a "c", in which case it sounds like "ch" in English [i.e. chicken, Charlie].
Hercules is pronounced EHR-COO-LESS.
The "j" in Spanish is pronounced like an "h" in English [i.e. happy]. Jos (Joseph in Spanish) is pronounced HO-SEH. There is no "J"
sound in Spanish. Instead, substitute "y" for "j" - Major, in Spanish is Mayor.
There are two ways of achieving the "y" sound in Spanish and essentially it is pronounced in Spanish as you would in English (as in
Mayan). It's called "i griega" (Greek "i"). Some words achieve the "y" sound through the use of the double "L" ["LL"] which is also
considered a single letter in the Spanish alphabet (following "L") and pronounced EH-YEH. The llama, that delightful Peruvian
herbivore, is pronounced "LA-MA" by English-speaking folks but is pronounced "YAMA" in Spanish. Standing alone and pronounced
"EE", the letter "y" in Spanish means "and".
You will find it in the alphabet but there is no "w" in modern Spanish with the exception of some "foreign" words, mostly of German
extraction. Some academicians call this letter the double-V and others insist that is the double-U. In either case, if you run across it in
Spanish, pronounce it like you would in English. There is no "wh" combination in Spanish.
There is no "ph" combination in Spanish. It sounds like an "f", it is an "f" [i.e. "phobia" in Spanish is "fobia"]. The same applies to other
tricky English combinations like "kn", "pf", "pn", "gh", "wh" or "cz". Isn't that a relief?
Words that in English begin with "Sp", "Sc" or "St" in Spanish these are precede by an "E" [i.e. Special becomes Especial]. That's why
is called Espaol!
There is no "k" in Spanish except in some "foreign" words like Koala, although it is in the alphabet. When you run across it, pronounce
it like a "k" in English. The "K" sound is achieved in Spanish with the "Q" when is followed by either "ue" or "ui". In both cases, the "u"
is silent. "Que" is pronounced KEH and "Qui" is pronounced kee. When "Q" is followed by "UA" (qua), both vowels are pronounced.
resulting KOO-AH. "Torque" in Spanish is also "Torque" but is pronounced "TOR-KEH". It means the same thing, too. (Also see quirk
#8).
As in English, the "c" sounds like a "k" unless it precedes an "i" or an "e", in which case it souns llike an "s". ("Taco" is pronounced
TAH-KOE and "Gracias" is pronounced GRA-SEE-AHS which means thank you).
The "x" in Spanish is a mess. When it is between two vowels it is pronounced like an "h" in English. ("Mexico" is pronounced MEH-HEECOE). If tis followed by a consonant it is pronounced like an "x" ("texto", Spanish for "text" is pronounced TEXT-TOE). Sometimes, in
words derived from native languages such as Nhuatl or Chichimecan, it is pronounced like an "s" or even as "sh".
In Spanish, there is an "". Alphabetically, it follows the "n" but the pronunciation of this odd letter is different. In English, you would
pronounce it EN-YEH and it is equivalent to the "ny" sound, as in "Canyon". There is a capital "" and a lower case "". The Spanish
word "nio" (boy) is pronounced NEEN-YO.
You guessed it. The "d" in Spanish os pronounced like a soft "th", as in "those" (not as in "path") and a good reason for there not to be
any double-d's in Espaol.
A "g", when followed by an "e" is pronounced like an "h" in English. Otherwise, it's just a "g", as in "garden".
The "z" in Spanish is always pronounced like an "s", as in "set". (Unless you are in Madrid whre they pronounce it "th", as in lithp).
Plain and zimple. OK. get ready, get zet, go!
The Consonants
You will be delighted to learn that, except as noted in the quirks, the consonants are pronounced in Spanish just as you would in
English. That is, a B, an M or a P are still just B, M and P and this applies to all the rest of the consonants. In Spanish words every
letter is pronounced and you won't come across any strange stuff like "phlegm", "night", "chrome" or "gnat". As noted, if it sounds like
an
"f",
it
is
an
"f"
and
that
goes
for
all
those
other
strange
letter
combinations.
Also, with te exception of the double-L ("ll" - quirk #3), the double-c ("cc") and the double-r ("rr"), there are no repeated consonants
in
Spanish!
Out the window go the double F's, double G's, double M's, double N's, double P's, double S's and double T's that haunt English [i.e.
afford, aggravate, emanate, penny, apply, essay, attorney]. One "f", "g", "m", "n", "p", "s" or "t" is all that is needed.
So much for the consonants.
Stresses & Accents
Everything you ever wanted to know about accents (but were afraid to ask). You don't really need to know this yet but it will certainly
help your pronunciation! There are no intelligible rules for stressing certain syllables in English words and you pretty well need to
learn each word individually. In Spanish, however, it's either Rule 1, Rule 2 or neither of them. Look how simple it really is:
Rule 1:
A word ending in N, S or a vowel receives stress onthe next to last Syllable (except
words ending in ...ion).
Spanish
English
dentista
(stress tis)
dentist
posible
(stress si)
posible
argumento
(stress men)
argument
primitivo
(stress ti)
primitive
prudente
(stress den)
prudent
glorioso
(stress rio)
glorious
When a word does not end in N, S or a vowel, it receives stress on the last syllable:
Rule 2:
Spanish
English
postal
(stress tal)
postal
cervical
(stress cal)
cervical
tractor
(stress tor)
tractor
circular
(stress lar)
circular
capital
(stress tal)
capital
espectacular
(stress lar)
spectacular
Rule 3:
Any word that does not follow either RULE 1 or RULE 2 is an irregular word and there
for must have a written stress, that is, it must have an accent. Words ending in...in
receive an accent on the last syllable (always over the vowel).
Spanish
English
repblica
re-p-bli-ca
republic
nacin
na-cin
nation
lgico
l-gi-co
logic
fantico
fa-n-ti-co
fanatic
pasin
pa-sin
passion
curious
In
fact
you
English,
should
know:
the
Spanish
adjective
[i.e.
In
is,
in
certain
ways,
comes
mirror-image
before
of
the
noun.
"large
Spanish,
the
adjective
[i.e.
English.
house"]
comes
after
the
noun.
"casa
grande"]
If you stop to think about it, it makes a lot of sense. You do not need to wait around for all the adjectives before knowing what it is
you're
talking
about
it.
i.e.: "I couldn't hold on to the squiggly, slimey, wriggling, jumping, slippery fish!"
The Spanish Alphabet
The Alphabet in Spanish is much like the alphabet in English. It's called the "ALFABETO", and includes the three extra letters we have
reviewed (CH, LL and ) Remember that, although the "K" and the "W" form part of the Alfabeto, there are very few words in Spanish
that
include
This
these
letters
is
and
what
most
of
the
these
are
Alfabeto
"foreign"
looks
words.
like:
A B C CH D E F G H I J K L LL M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z
The Rules (How this book works)
A bit of History: English and Spanish share an enormous common ground. Both languages are derived from ancient languages,
primarily what we will call here Indo-European. English was developed from many more derivatives of Indo-European than was
Spanish, but both share a considerable influence of Latin, Hellenic, Arabic and other Mediterranean languages. The principle
departure is Germanic, which has had much influence in modern English but very little in modern Spanish. However, it will astound
you to learn just how many words in English are practically the same as their Spanish counterparts, with only a slight difference in
spelling,
and
how
many
are
exactly
the
same!
The Method: Words that are similar in two languages are technically known as cognates. These words might have slight differences in
their spelling, usually in the ending of the words, but since they have derived from the same roots, the meaning is nearly always the
same. There are thousands upon thousands of cognates in the English language and those which will occupy us here are EnglishSpanish cognates. In the pages ahead, you will find that by simply altering the ending of an English word, you will know the Spanish
equivalent
of
that
word.
In
some
cases,
even
the
ending
is
the
same!
In order to catalog these endings in an easy-to-understand fashion, we have referred to these different word-endings as RULES and
they appear roughly in the order of their accuracy. Some RULES are more accurate than others; that is, there are fewer exceptions.
Also, some RULES apply to a much larger number of English words than do others. Those that apply to the largest number of words
are listed here as MAJOR RULES and those hang fewer number of English equivalents are listed as MINOR RULES.
The first fourteen RULES apply to far more than twenty thousand English words (hence the title of this book) and are known here as
the MAJOR RULES. Thousands more word-endings are covered under the MINOR RULES. Since you already know the words, because
you
speak
English,
all
you
need
to
learn
are
the
RULES!
This book is the result of considerable research and is intended to teach you - as promised- virtually thousands of words in Spanish by
using your knowledge of English. If you are an average reader, you will "learn" hundreds of words per minute!. You will know common
words and obscure ones as well, including nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. The extent of your English vocabulary is the only
limitation to how many Spanish words you will know! It is not within the scope of this book to teach you grammatical usage beyond
recognizing words genders, conjugating verbs, using articles, and forming simple sentences in Spanish. It ls intended to teach you
enough useful words to be able to communicate in the language. When you finish this book, you should deservedly marvel at your
new-found
knowledge
You
are
and
you
should
ready
want
to
now
pursue
to
learning
learn
the
language
some
fluently.
Espaol!
"The ice borrows its substances from the river, it is indeed the actual water of the river itself - and yet it is not the river. A child,
seeing the ice, thinks that the river exists no more, that its course has been arrested. But this is only an ilusion. Under the layer of
ice, the river continues to flow down to the plain. Should the ice break, one sees the water suddenly bubble up as it goes gushing and
murmuring on its way. This is an image of the stream of language. The written tongue is the film of ice upon its waters; the stream
which still flows under the ice that imprisons it is the popular and natural language; the cold which produces the ice and would fain
restrain the flood is the stabilizing action exeed by grammarians and pedagogues; and the sunbeam which gives language its liberty
is the indomitable force of life, triumphing over rules, and breaking the fetters of tradition".
Chapter 2 - The TION Rule
This Rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters
....tion
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with
...cin
As
an
example,
the
English
word
Nation
is
the
Spanish
word
Nacin
(pronounced
Remember that we will write an accent on the last syllable of Spanish words ending with ...in.
Spanish
...tion
...cin
Administration
Administracin
Adulation
Adulacin
Application
Aplicacion
Benediction
Benediccin
Bifurcation
Bifurcacin
Classification
Clasificacin
Helpful Reminders
only 1 p
only 1 s
nah-see-on).
Conservation
Conservacin
Corruption
Corrupcin
Distribution
Distribucin
Embarcation
Embarcacin
Education
Educacin
Evacuation
Evacuacin
Frustration
Frustracin
Fabrication
Fabricacin
Gravitation
Gravitacin
Quirk #12
Gasification
Gasificacin
quirk #12
Hibernation
Hibernacin
quirk #1
Hospitalization
Hospitalizacin
quirk #1
Installation
Instalacin
only 1 L
Instruction
Instruccin
quirk #8
Justification
Justificacin
quirk #2 & #8
Lamination
Laminacin
Laceration
Laceracin
Mechanization
Mecanizacin
Manipulation
Manipulacin
Narration
Narracin
Nation
Nacin
Nutrition
Nutricin
Occupation
Ocupacin
Oscillation
Oscilacin
Palpitation
Palpitacin
Personification
Personificacin
Ratification
Ratificacin
Ramification
Ramificacin
quirk #8
Salvation
Salvacin
Sensation
Sensacin
Speculation
Especulacin
quirk #6
Station
Estacin
quirk #6
Transportation
Transportacin
Transition
Transicin
Violation
Violacin
Ventilation
Ventilacin
Well, how ABOUT it? You are reading and writing SPANISH!
With this Rule, you have just learned nearly TWO THOUSAND words in Spanish!
Notable Exceptions:
English
Spanish
Carnation
Clavel
Caution
Precaucin
Temptation
Tentacin
Translation
Traduccin
Congratulation
Felicitacin
Helpful Reminders
For those English words in this Rule that you would pluralize by adding an "s" [i.e. Installations] you simply add "es" to the Spanish
translation [i.e. lnstalaciones]
If you are surprised at how simple that was, then you are in for many more pleasant surprises in the chapters to come! This book has
been designed to initiate you quickly to a "foreign" language and to get you into conversing in Spanish confidently. Once you have
learned thousands of words in Spanish, it makes it much easier to learn the grammar! Some of the basics are covered in later
Chapters in simple, easy-to-understand terms that will give you a head-start. Be sure to practice the Spanish pronunciation of the
vowels as you read along!
C h a p t e r 3 - T h e AT E R u l e
This Rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters
....ate
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with
...ar
Keep in mind that we are looking for word endings. The English verb ATE (past-tense of EAT) does not apply, nor do other singlesyllable
words
such
as
MATE.
As an example, the English verb Create, is the Spanish verb Crear. We need verbs to create sentences, so here are some examples:
(A reminder: pronounce the Spanish vowels correctly!)
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ate
...ar
Articulate
Articular
Ambulate
Ambular
Beneficiate
Beneficiar
Biannulate
Bianular
Capitulate
Capitular
Congregate
Congregar
Conjugate
Conjugar
Contemplate
Contemplar
Corrugate
Corrugar
Defoliate
Defoliar
Delegate
Delegar
Donate
Donar
Elevate
Elevar
Emmulate
Emular
Extricate
Extricar
Fabricate
Fabricar
Fluctuate
Fluctuar
Formulate
Formular
Germinate
Germinar
Graduate
Graduar
Habituate
Habituar
quirk #1
Hallucinate
Alucinar
Illuminate
Iluminar
Imitate
Imitar
Initiate
Iniciar
C for T
Innovate
Inovar
only 1 N
only 1 N
quirk #2
only 1 M
only 1 L
Jubilate
Jubilar
quirk #2
Jugulate
Jugular
quirk #2
Lacerate
Lacerar
quirk #8
Lactate
Lactar
Manipulate
Manipular
Masticate
Masticar
Meditate
Meditar
Modulate
Modular
Navigate
Navegar
Necessitate
Necesitar
only 1 S
Obligate
Obligar
Obviate
Obviar
Participate
Participar
Precipitate
Precipitar
Quadruplicate
Cuadruplicar
quirk #8
Quintuplicate
Quintuplicar
quirk #7
Radiate
Radiar
Reciprocate
Reciprocar
Segregate
Segregar
Simulate
Simular
Situate
Situar
Terminate
Terminar
Tolerate
Tolerar
Ulcerate
Ulcerar
Ultimate
Ultimar
Validate
Validar
Variate
Variar
If you have an average command of English, you have just learned another thousand or so words in Spanish!
Congratulations!
Now the bad news:
One notable exeption to this rule is the verb Congratulate. Although Congratular is grammatically correct it is, sadly, in disuse. The
accepted, popular translation is Felicitar. Congratulation, therefore, is Felicitacin! [see ...tion Rule]. The plural, Congratulations (as
we learned in the last Chapter) is Felicitaciones!
Each time you learn a Rule, think of a few words in English with that ending and translate them into Spanish applying what you have
just learned. Say them out loud, and check your pronunciation against what you learned in Chapter One, particularly with regard to
the pronunciation of the vowels. It might be confusing, at first, to remember that the "i" is pronounced "ee", or that the "u" is
pronounced "oo". Take heart in the fact that the vowels are always pronounced the same way in Spanish! The "[Helpful Reminders]"
along the word listings mostly refer to the Quirks in Chapter One, and also remind you that, with the exception of the "ll", "rr" and
"cc", there are no double-consonants in Spanish!
Chapter 4 - The IZE Rule
This Rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end with the letters
....ize
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with
...izar
As an example, the English verb Realize, is the Spanish verb Realizar.
The
"Z"
in
Spanish
is
pronounced
like
an
"S"
(as.inSong)[SeeQuirk#13].
In
the
Spanish
translation,
the
last
syllable
(ar)
receives
stress.(See
"Accents",
Rule
Spanish
...ize
...izar
Amortize
Amortizar
Analize
Analizar
Botanize
Botanizar
Brutalize
Brutalizar
Capitalize
Capitalizar
Catalize
Catalizar
Deodorize
Deodorizar
Detonize
Detonizar
Editorialize
Editorializar
Equalize
Equalizar
Helpful Reminders
II,
Chapter
One)
Familiarize
Familiarizar
Federalize
Federalizar
Galvanize
Galvanizar
Glamorize
Glamorizar
Habitualize
Habitualizar
"H" is silent
Harmonize
Armonizar
no "H"
Individualize
Individualizar
Industrialize
Industralizar
Initialize
Inicializar
Jovialize
Jovializar
quirk #2
Legalize
Legalizar
Liberalize
Liberalizar
Materialize
Materializar
Mobilize
Mobilizar
Modernize
Modernizar
Nebulize
Nebulizar
Neutralize
Neutralizar
Patronize
Patronizar
Penalize
Penalizar
Specialize
Especializar
Tantalize
Tantalizar
Trivialize
Trivializar
Vulcanize
Vulcanizar
quirk #6
...al
(simple enough?)
English words ending in ....sial or ....tial that sound like "S" are translated to Spanish by using the ending ....cial.
In
Spanish,
As
an
The
when
example,
English
Otherwise,
the
"c"
precedes
the
word
spelling
an
"i",
English
it
is
word
Hortensial
will
pronounced
partial
is
be
is
the
the
like
an
the
"s"
Spanish
Spanish
same
(see
(observing
Quirk
word
word
8).
parcial.
Hortensial.
the
quirks).
English words ending in ...tial in which the "t" sounds like "t" (as in bestial), are spelled the same in Spanish (bestial), so here are a lot
more examples:
The AL Rule
English
Spanish
...al
...al
Abdominal
Abdominal
Aboriginal
Aboriginal
Accessorial
Accesorial
Accidental
Accidental
Actuarial
Actuarial
Administerial
Administerial
Alluvial
Aluvial
Ambisexual
Ambisexual
Angelical
Angelical
Annual
Anual
Antisocial
Antisocial
Antiviral
Antiviral
Arboreal
Arboreal
Arterial
Arterial
Asexual
Asexual
Astral
Astral
Aural
Aural
Axial
Axial
Bacterial
Bacterial
Helpful Reminders
only 1 S, quirk #8
only 1 L
only 1 N
Baronial
Baronial
Basal
Basal
Bestial
Bestial
Bilateral
Bilateral
Bifocal
Bifocal
Binocular
Binocular
Bipolar
Bipolar
Bisexual
Bisexual
Brutal
Brutal
Capital
Capital
Carnal
Carnal
Casual
Casual
Caudal
Caudal
Celestial
Celestial
Central
Central
Centrifugal
Centrifugal
Cereal
Cereal
Cerebral
Cerebral
Cervical
Cervical
Coaxial
Coaxial
Cogenial
Cogenial
Colonial
Colonial
Colossal
Colosal
only 1 S
Commercial
Comercial
only 1 M
Communal
Comunal
only 1 M
Continental
Continental
Cordial
Cordial
Corporal
Corporal
also Celeste
Corpuscular
Corpuscular
Coradial
Coradial
Corral
Corral
Cortical
Cortical
Cranial
Cranial
Credential
Credencial
Criminal
Criminal
Crystal
Cristal
Crucial
Crucial
Cultural
Cultural
Decimal
Decimal
Dental
Dental
Dextral
Dextral
Diagonal
Diagonal
Dictatorial
Dictatorial
Differential
Diferencial
Digital
Digital
Dimensional
Dimensional
Distal
Distal
Dominical
Dominical
Duodecimal
Duodecimal
Duodenal
Duodenal
Electoral
Electoral
Elemental
Elemental
Epidural
Epidural
Equatorial
Ecuatorial
Equilateral
Equilateral
Essential
Esencial
C for t
I for Y
only 1 F, C for T
C for Q
only 1 S, C for T
Eternal
Eternal
also Eterno
Evangelical
Evangelical
Extralegal
Extralegal
Extramarital
Extramarital
Extramural
Extramural
Facial
Facial
Fatal
Fatal
Federal
Federal
Festival
Festival
Filial
Filial
Final
Final
Focal
Focal
Formal
Formal
Fraternal
Fraternal
Frontal
Frontal
Fundamental
Fundamental
Funeral
Funeral
Galaxial
Galaxial
also Galctico
Genial
Genial
Genital
Genital
Gradual
Gradual
Harmonial
Harmonial
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hibernal
Hibernal
quirk #1
Homosexual
Homosexual
quirk #1
Horizontal
Horizontal
quirk #1
Hospital
Hospital
quirk #1
Ideal
Ideal
quirk #1
Illegal
Ilegal
only 1 L
Immoral
Inmoral
N for M
Imperial
Imperial
Impersonal
Impersonal
Inaugural
Inaugural
Incidental
Incidental
Individual
Individual
Infernal
Infernal
Initial
Inicial
Integral
Integral
Intellectual
Intelectual
only 1 L
International
Internacional
C for T
Jovial
Jovial
quirk #2
Judicial
Judicial
quirk #2
Labial
Labial
Lacrimal
Lagrimal
G for C
Lacteal
Lacteal
also Lctea
Lateral
Lateral
Latitudinal
Latitudinal
Legal
Legal
Liberal
Liberal
Lineal
Lineal
Literal
Literal
Litoral
Litoral
Local
Local
Longitudinal
Longitudinal
Madrigal
Madrigal
Magisterial
Magisterial
C for T
Manual
Manual
Menial
Menial
Marginal
Marginal
Marsupial
Marsupial
Marital
Marital
Martial
Marcial
C for T
Maternal
Maternal
also Materno
Medieval
Medieval
Menstrual
Menstrual
Mental
Mental
Meridional
Meridional
Mezcal
Mezcal
Metal
Metal
Mineral
Mineral
Mistral
Mistral
Mitral
Mitral
Modal
Modal
Monaural
Monaural
Montreal
Montreal
Monumental
Monumental
Moral
Moral
Mortal
Mortal
Mural
Mural
Musical
Musical
Narial
Narial
Nasal
Nasal
Natal
Natal
National
National
also Marsupio
Natural
Natural
Naval
Naval
Nepal
Nepal
Neural
Neural
Neutral
Neutral
Nominal
Nominal
Normal
Normal
Nutritial
Nutricial
C for T, quirk #8
Occidental
Occidental
quirk #8
Occipital
Occipital
quirk #8
Official
Oficial
only 1 F
Oral
Oral
Orbital
Orbital
Orchestral
Orquestral
Oriental
Oriental
Parental
Pariental
Parietal
Parietal
Palatial
Palacial
Pastoral
Pastoral
Paternal
Paternal
Pectoral
Pectoral
Pedal
Pedal
Pedestal
Pedestal
Penal
Penal
Pentagonal
Pentagonal
Perinatal
Perinatal
Personal
Personal
Plural
Plural
note "I"
C for T
also Paterno
Portal
Portal
Primordial
Primordial
Principal
Principal
Proverbial
Proverbial
Provincial
Provincial
Proximal
Proximal
Punctual
Puntual
Quintal
Quintal
Rabbinical
Rabinical
only 1 B
Racial
Racial
quirk #8
Recital
Recital
Regional
Regional
Renal
Renal
Residencial
Residencial
Residual
Residual
Rival
Rival
Rural
Rural
Sacerdotal
Sacerdotal
Sectorial
Sectorial
Semental
Semental
Semifinal
Semifinal
Semiformal
Semiformal
Sensual
Sensual
Sensational
Sensacional
Sentimental
Sentimental
Serial
Serial
Sexual
Sexual
Sisal
Sisal
no "C"
also Residuo
C for T
Skeletal
Esqueletal
quirk #6 & #7
Social
Social
Spatial
Espacial
Special
Especial
quirk #6
Spinal
Espinal
quirk #6
Sequential
Secuencial
C for Q, C for T
Structural
Estructural
quirk #6
Subliminal
Subliminal
Tangential
Tangencial
Temperamental
Temperamental
Tempestual
Tempestual
Temporal
Temporal
Terminal
Terminal
Testamental
Testamental
Tetragonal
Tetragonal
Textual
Textual
Thermal
Termal
no "H"
Timbal
Timbal
also Tmbalo
Topical
Topical
Torrential
Torrencial
Total
Total
Tribunal
Tribunal
Tropical
Tropical
Umbilical
Umbilical
Uncial
Uncial
Unilateral
Unilateral
Universal
Universal
Urticarial
Urticarial
C for T
C for T
quirk #8
Usual
Usual
Vaginal
Vaginal
Venal
Venal
Venial
Venial
Verbal
Verbal
Vertebral
Vertebral
Vertical
Vertical
Vestigial
Vestigial
Vial
Vial
Viral
Viral
Virginal
Virginal
Visual
Visual
Vocal
Vocal
G pron. like H
There are many, many more! They might look like English words, but they are also Spanish! You can double up on what you have just
learned, too:
For the plural on the Spanish words above, just add ....es!
The plural for Universal, for example, is Universales!
Proper pronunciacin of the Spanish vowels is everything!
We can forego the practice session, yes?
Who said you couldn't learn Espaol?
A few exceptions to this Rule, are:
English
Spanish
Continual
Continuo
Magical
Mgico
Petal
Ptalo
Terrestial
Terrestre
Helpful Reminders
There are possibly many more "exceptions" to the Rules than are put forth in the examples. Those that are listed are the ones which
are most common. Remember, however, that the Major Rules, on a percentage basis, have very fan exceptions and the
overwhelming odds are that you will correctly translate English words to Spanish by applying the Rules. In most cases, even the
exceptions are similar enough to be understood by a Spanish-speaking individual, so you should feel confident that, when you are
speaking the words, you are making yourself understood!
an
example,
the
reminder:
Rstico,
English
word
this
rustic
ending
then,
is
is
the
is
Spanish
word
pronounced
pronounced
rstico.
EE-KO
ROOS-TEE-KO
This Rule applies to many useful words in Academia (Chemistry, Geography, Physics, Medicine, etc.) as well as common-usage words.
These are irregular words and therefore receive written accents as shown. The stress, of course is on the syllable where the written
accent is located. The accent is always written above the vowel in that syllable (See ACCENTS in Chapter One), so here are some
examples:
The IC Rule
English
Spanish
...ic
...ico
Academic
Acadmico
Acidic
Acdico
Allergic
Alrgico
Aquatic
Acutico
Arctic
rtico [1]
Baltic
Bltico
Barometric
Baromtrico
Caloric
Calrico
Caustic
Castico
Clinic
Clnica
Critic
Crtico
Eccentric
Excntrico
Empiric
Emprico
Fanatic
Fantico
Fantastic
Fantstico
Galactic
Galctico
Gastric
Gstrico
Geographic
Geogrfico
Helpful Reminders
only 1 L
feminine gender
XC for CC
Harmonic
Armnico
no H
Hemostatic
Hemosttico
quirk #1
Intrinsic
Intrnseco
E for I
Juridic
Jurdico
Kinetic
Kintico
Linguistic
Lingstico
for U
Logic
Lgica [2]
feminine gender
Magic
Mgico
Magnetic
Magntico
Microscopic
Microscpico
Mimic
Mmico
Nordic
Nrdico
Ophthalmic
Oftlmico
Organic
Orgnico
Orthopedic
Ortopdico
Panic
Pnico
Plastic
Plstico
Problematic
Problemtico
Quadratic
Cuadrtico
C for Q
Quartic
Curtico
C for Q
Republic
Repblica [2]
Rhetoric
Retrico
Semantic
Semntico
Septic
Sptico
Simplistic
Simplstico
Symphonic
Sinfnico
Telegraphic
Telegrfico
quirk #5, no TH
no TH
no RH
Tonic
Tnico
Toxic
Txico
Umbilic
Umblico
Uric
rico
Vitalic
Vitlico
Vocalic
Voclico
Volcanic
Volcnico
Xenophobic
Xenofbico
quirk #9
Spanish
Mastic
Mastique
Helpful Reminders
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Aceric
Acrico
Acetic
Actico
Citric
Ctrico
Hydrochloric
Clorhdrico [3]
Lactic
Lctico
Sulphuric
Sulfrico
Violuric
Violrico
I for Y
quirk #5
Medical Terms:
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Arrhythmic
Arrtmico
I for Y, no TH
Hemostatic
Hemosttico
quirk #1
Hepatic
Heptico
quirk #1
Palludic
Paludic
only 1 L
Spasmodic
Espasmdico
quirk #6
Spastic
Espstico
quirk #6
Engineering Terms:
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Electronic
Electrnico
Galvanic
Galvnico
Metric
Mtrico
Mathematical Terms:
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Algebraic
Algebraico
Quadratic
Cuadrtico
Cubic
Cbico
Mathematic
Matemtico
C for Q
no TH
and hundreds more that you shouldn't have any trouble thinking of!
[1] Interesting word, Arctic; Although in English it is still correct to spell the word with two "c's" (which at one time was also the
Spanish spelling: rtico) the Spanish version has dropped one of the "c's". Strangely, though, the English spelling for "Artichoke" -that
delightful cold-climate thistle flower which we eat- is no longer spelled "Arctichoke" (although, until relatively recently, it was).
Because most people pronounce the word Arctic as "Artic", it is probably just a matter of time before the spelling is changed. Just a
bit of trivia...
[2] You may have noced that Clinic, Logic, and Republic in Spanish, are Lgica, Clnica and Repblica ! These are feminine-gender
words! We will get into that a bit later on in the book...!
[3] As we tearned in Chapter One, Spanish is a mirror image of English in that the adjective (modifier) comes after the object. In these
cases, it is the hydrogen that modifies the fluorine and chlorine, hence the "switch".
Chapter 7 - The ITY Rule
This Rule applies to those words in English with more than two syllables that end with the letters
....ity
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with
...idad
As
an
example,
the
English
word
fertility
is
the
Spanish
word
fertilidad.
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ity
...idad
Ability
Habilidad
Agility
Agilidad
Alacrity
Alacridad
Amiability
Amabilidad
Bestiality
Bestialidad
Banality
Banalidad
Calamity
Calamidad
Capacity
Capacidad
Cavity
Cavidad
Compatibility
Compatibilidad
Continuity
Continuidad
Density
Densidad
Deity
Deidad
Ductility
Ductilidad
Eccentricity
Excentricidad
Elasticity
Elasticidad
Electricity
Electricidad
Finality
Finalidad
Familiarity
Familiaridad
Frugality
Frugalidad
Generality
Generalidad
Generosity
Generosidad
Graduality
Gradualidad
Hermicity
Hermicidad
quirk #1
Horizontality
Horizontalidad
quirk #1
Humanity
Humanidad
quirk #1
different spelling
XC for CC
Identity
Identidad
Immobility
Inmovilidad
N for M, V for B
Impartiality
Imparcialidad
C for T
Inactivity
Inactividad
Instability
Instabilidad
Justifiability
Justificabilidad
quirk #2
Lethality
Letalidad
no TH
Liability
Liabilidad
Liberality
Liberalidad
Lubricity
Lubricidad
Luminosity
Luminosidad
Mediocrity
Mediocridad
Majority
Mayoridad
Malignity
Malignidad
Morbosity
Morbosidad
Natality
Natalidad
Neutrality
Neutralidad
Normality
Normalidad
Nulity
Nulidad
Obesity
Obesidad
Opacity
Opacidad
Parity
Paridad
Portability
Portabilidad
Punctuality
Puntualidad
no C
Quadruplicity
Cuadruplicidad
C for Q
Radioactivity
Radioactividad
Reflectivity
Reflectividad
Salubrity
salubridad
Y for J
Sanity
Sanidad
Senility
Senilidad
Sensuality
Sensualidad
Solemnity
Solemnidad
Tonality
Tonalidad
Tranquility
Tranquilidad
quirk #7
Ubiquity
Ubicuidad
C for Q
Unity
Unidad
Vanity
Vanidad
Veracity
Veracidad
Notable exceptions:
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Antiquity
Antigedad
pron "oo"
City
Ciudad
Gravity
Gravedad
different spelling
Rarity
Rareza
different spelling
By now you may have discovered that there are many more words "hidden" in these examples. Take one of the previous examples,
the English word "Neutrality": by removing the ending, you end up with the word "Neutral". In many cases, it works for the Spanish
translation as well: remove the ending ...idad and you have the word "Neutral", which is the proper Spanish translation! Sensuality
without the ending is Sensual; Sensualidad without the ending is Sensual. You learned in Chapter Six that English words ending in...al
are the same in Spanish!
Some words such as "Tranquility" (Tranquil) are almost the same in Spanish. "Tranquil", in Spanish, is "Tranquilo"; "Solemnity"
(Solemn) is solemnidad (Solemno)!
Chapter 8 - The ISM Rule
(Major)
This Rule applies to those words in English that end with the letters
....ity (or ysm)
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with
...ismo
As an example, the English word tourism is the Spanish word turismo.
In this example, you will have noticed the difference in Spelling.
You will recall that in Chapter One we established that Spanish is pronounced exactly as it is written!
The English word TOURISM is pronounced TOO-RISM, with the "U" being silent (that is, not participating in the pronunciation of the
word).
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ism / ysm
...ismo
Abysm
Abismo *
I for Y
Anachronism
Anacronismo
C for CH
Aneurysm
Aneurisma
femenine gender
Baptism
Bautismo
different spelling
Cauterism
Cauterismo
Cannibalism
Canibalismo
only 1 N
Colloquialism
Colaquialismo
only 1 L
Darwinism
Darwinismo
Dynamism
Dinamismo
Embolism
Embolismo
Euphonism
Eufonismo
Fanaticism
Fanaticismo
Geotropism
Geotropismo
G pron. like H
Heliotropism
Heliotropismo
quirk #1
Herbalism
Herbalismo
quirk #1
Imagism
Imaginismo
Imperialism
Imperialismo
Impressionism
Impresionismo
Individualism
Individualismo
Legalism
Legalismo
Martialism
Marcialismo
I for Y
quirk #5
only 1 S
C for T
Materialism
Materialismo
Mercantilism
Mercantilismo
Mysticism
Misticismo
Novelism
Novelismo
Occultism
Ocultismo
Organism
Organismo
Opportunism
Oportunismo
only 1 P
Prism
Prisma
feminine gender
Paternalism
Paternalismo
Phototropism
Fototropismo
quirk #5
Quietism
Quietismo
quirk #7
Rationalism
Racionalismo
C for T
Realism
Realismo
Ritualism
Ritualismo
Sadism
Sadismo
Sensualism
Sensualismo
Socialism
Socialismo
Totalitarism
Totalitarismo
Universalism
Universalismo
Utalitarism
Utalitarismo
Volcanism
Vulcanismo
I for Y
only 1 C
U for O
You may be surprised to learn that there are nearly three-hundred other ISM's in English! Many of them, however, are derived from
Greek-root words that most of us have never heard of. But look at it this way: A few moments ago, who would have ever thought that
you would know the Spanish translation for the word Transcendentalism?!
[*] The English word, Abysm, is not as commonly used (in English) as Abyss; however, in Spanish, "Abismo" is a rather conmon word.
Latin America is very mountainous and, consequently, is full of "Abismos".
There are approximately 200,000 English words catalogued in most unabridged English-language dictionaries. These do not include
many more thousands of specialized terms, slang words of common usage, professional verbage and foreign words that have been
"incorporated" into popular English. The total number of words used in the English language is phenomenal. It isn't surprising, then,
to learn that at least 75,000 words in English are rooted in commonspace with Spanish! There are words in English, particularly
technical terminology, that have no similar counterparts in Spanish. The Spanish language academies have been slow to assimilate
new words into the language, so words such as "OK", "grid", "quark", "chip", "modem", and "stunt", among many others, have no
precise Spanish translation. English, on the other hand, borrows words from other languages quite readily. Many aeronautical terms,
like "aileron" and "fuselage" were simply taken from French and incorporated, for lack of an English description. English includes
many Spanish words, such as "taco", "adios", "villa", and "corral" all of which are of common, popular usage, and are in the
dictionary. Spanish, on the other hand, popularly uses many English words, although they have not yet been assimilated by the
academicians. Words like "O.K." (sp. "oquei), T-Bone (sp. "tibn"), Motel (sp. "motel"), Sandwich (Sp. Sanwich), Football (Sp. Futbol)
and Baseball (sp. Beisbol) are commonly used throughout Latin America, but not one of them has made it into the Spanish
dictionaries! This gives much meaning to the words of J. Vendryes!
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...sion
...sin
Aspersion
Aspersin
Compassion
Compasin
only 1 S
Comprehension
Comprensin
no H
Compulsion
Compulsin
Conclusion
Conclusin
Confusion
Confusin
Decision
Decisin
Defusion
Defusin
Fission
Fisin
only 1 S
Fusion
Fusin
Illusion
Ilusin
Lesion
Lesin
Mission
Misin
Passion
Pasin
Pension
Pensin
Seclusion
Seclusin
Session
Sesin
Tension
Tensin
only 1 S
only 1 S
Well, anyway, you get the idea. We can skip the practice session.
(You already know how to write in English!)
Unfortunately, there aren't that many words in this Rule. Somewhat less than three hundred, perhaps.
But it counts; after all, it is Spanish!
an
example,
(Remember
to
the
English
word
pronounce
gaseous
all
is
the
the
Spanish
Spanish
Spanish
...ous
...oso
Albuminous
Albuminoso
Amorous
Amoroso
Asperous
Asperoso
Auspicious
Auspicioso
Billious
Bilioso
Bulbous
Bulboso
Cadaverous
Cadaveroso
Helpful Reminders
only 1 l
word
gaseoso.
vowels!)
Callous
Calloso
quirk #3
Capacious
Capacioso
Capcious
Capcioso
Curious
Curioso
Deciduous
Deciduoso
Delicious
Delicioso
Estrous
Estroso
Factuous
Factuoso
Fallacious
Falacioso
Fastidious
Fastidioso
Fastuous
Fastuoso
Fibromatous
Fibromatoso
Fibrous
Fibroso
Generous
Generoso
Glacious
Glacioso
Glamorous
Glamoroso
Glorious
Glorioso
Glutinous
Glutinoso
Gracious
Gracioso
Harmonious
Armonioso
no H
Imperious
Imperioso
Laborious
Laborioso
Leprous
Leproso
Luminous
Luminoso
Monstrous
Monstruoso
include U
Mellodious
Melodioso
only 1 L
Nitrous
Nitroso
Pompous
Pomposo
only 1 L
quirk #12
Porous
Poroso
Precious
Precioso
Pretencious
Pretencioso
Querulous
Queruloso
Religious
Religioso
Repeticious
Repeticioso
Rigorous
Riguroso
U for O
Scandalous
Escandaloso
quirk #6
Spacious
Espacioso
quirk #6
Sulphurous
Sulfuroso
quirk #5
Tendencious
Tendencioso
Tortuous
Tortuoso
Tremulous
Tremuloso
Vaporous
Vaporoso
Vicious
Vicioso
Virtuous
Virtuoso
Virulous
Viruloso
quirk #7
Some exceptions:
English
Spanish
Capricious
Caprichoso
Ferocious
Feroz
Odorous
Oloroso
Pious
Piadoso
Tenacious
Tenaz
Tremendous
Tremendo
Voracious
Voraz
Helpful Reminders
English words ending with ...tious can be translated to Spanish by substinting the ending with ...cioso. As an example, the English
word ambitious is the Spanish word ambicioso.
The English endings ...tious and ...cious both sound the same. They both have an "S" sound. English can be very complicated.
Perhaps the real complexity in learning Spanish is understanding how to uncomplicate English!
In Chapter One we learned that double consonants are not used in Spanish, with the exception of the C and the R. Also, we have seen
that Spanish does not have tricky letter combinations like KN, or PH!
Here is a reminder of what isn't allowed in Spanish.
In Spanish, we have learned, the "T" always sounds like a "T", which is true for all of the consonants. Each letter sounds like what it is!
Inasmuch as the ...tious in English sounds like an "S", the Spanish translation (...cioso) keeps it that way!
This Rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end in
....ent
(Except ...ment)
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending with
...ente
Thus,
the
English
word
accident
is
the
Spanish
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ent
...ente
Affluent
Afluente
only 1 F
Apparent
Aparente
only 1 P
Astringent
Astringente
quirk #12
Client
Cliente
Coefficient
Coeficiente
Coincident
Coincidente
Consistent
Consistente
Continent
Continente
Decent
Decente
Delincient
Delinciente
Detergent
Detergente
Different
Diferente
only 1 F
Efficient
Eficiente
only 1 F
only 1 F
word
accidente.
Eminent
Eminente
Equivalent
Equivalente
quirk #7
Excellent
Excelente
only 1 L
Existent
Existente
Fluorescent
Fluorescente
Gradient
Gradiente
Imprudent
Imprudente
Inconvenient
Inconveniente
Indifferent
Indiferente
Indolent
Indolente
Innocent
Inocente
Insurgent
Insurgente
Intelligent
Inteligente
Intermitent
Intermitente
Latent
Latente
Malevolent
Malevolente
Micronutrient
Micronutriente
Nutrient
Nutriente
Obedient
Obediente
Occident
Occidente
Omnipotent
Omnipotente
Opulent
Opulente
Orient
Oriente
Pacient
Paciente
Patent
Patente
Permanent
Permanente
President
Presidente
Propellent
Propelente
only 1 F
only 1 N
only 1 L
only 1 L
Proponent
Proponente
Prudent
Prudente
Recurrent
Recurrente
Repellent
Repelente
Rent
Renta
Resident
Resident
Resolvent
Resolvente
Resurgent
Resurgent
Revolvent
Revolvente
Salient
Saliente
Solvent
Solvente
Sufficient
Suficiente
Transparent
Transparente
Urgent
Urgente
Vice-president
Vice-presidente
feminine gender
also Sobresaliente
only 1 F
Some exceptions:
English
Spanish
Content (happy)
Contento
Content (volume)
Contenido
Event
Evento
Purulent
Purulento
Serpent
Serpiente
Succulent
Suculento
Turbulent
Turbulento
Unguent
Ungento
Violent
Violento
Helpful Reminders
only 1 C
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
English words ending with ...tious can be translated to Spanish by substinting the ending with ...cioso. As an example, the English
word ambitious is the Spanish word ambicioso.
The English endings ...tious and ...cious both sound the same. They both have an "S" sound. English can be very complicated.
Perhaps the real complexity in learning Spanish is understanding how to uncomplicate English!
In Chapter One we learned that double consonants are not used in Spanish, with the exception of the C and the R. Also, we have seen
that Spanish does not have tricky letter combinations like KN, or PH!
Here is a reminder of what isn't allowed in Spanish.
In Spanish, we have learned, the "T" always sounds like a "T", which is true for all of the consonants. Each letter sounds like what it is!
Inasmuch as the ...tious in English sounds like an "S", the Spanish translation (...cioso) keeps it that way!
To translate English words that end with
...ment
We will susbtitute the ending with
...mento
English
Spanish
...ment
...mento
Apartment
Apartamento
Argument
Argumento
Armament
Armament
Cement
Cemento
Compartment
Compartimento
Helpful Reminders
add an A
add an I
Department
Departmento
Foment
Fomento
Impediment
Impedimento
Moment
Momento
Sediment
Sedimento
Segment
Segmento
Some exceptions:
English
Spanish
Comment
Comentario
Derailment
Descarrilamiento
Establishment
Establecimiento
Judgement
Juicio
Sentiment
Sentimiento
Helpful Reminders
andd an I
C h a p t e r 1 2 - T h e A L LY R u l e
(Major)
This Rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end in
....ally
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the last two letters of the English ending with
...mente
Thus, the English word casually is the Spanish word casualmente.
However (here's the kicker), if the English word ends in ...cally (as in automatically) we keep the "c" and substitute ...ally with
"amente"
and
the
Spanish
translation
becomes
Spanish
...ally
...mente
...cally
...amente
Artificially
Artificialmente
Helpful Reminders
automaticamente.
Anatomically
Anatmicamente
Beneficially
Beneficialmente
Bilaterally
Bilateralmente
Casually
Casualmente
Categorically
Categricamente
Classically
Clasicalmente
Decimally
Decimalmente
Democratically
Democrticamente
Economically
Econmicamente
Emotionally
Emocionalmente
Especially
Especialmente
Facially
Facialmente
Fanatically
Fanticamente
Genetically
Genticamente
quirk #12
Generically
Genricamente
quirk #12
Hermetically
Hermticamente
quirk #1
Heretically
Herticamente
quirk #1
Hexagonally
Hexagonalmente
Individually
Individualmente
Initially
Inicialmente
Intrinsically
Intrnsecamente
Ironically
Irnicamente
Laterally
Lateralmente
Legitimally
Legtimamente
Logically
Lgicamente
Mechanically
Mecnicamente
Medicinally
Medicinalmente
Methodically
Metdicamente
only 1 S
C for T
C for T
quirk #8
no TH
Numerically
Numricamente
Neurologically
Neurolgicamente
Optically
pticamente
Officially
Oficialmente
Partially
Parcialmente
Peacefully
Pacficamente
Periodically
Periodicalmente
Racially
Racialmente
Radically
Radicalmente
Rationally
Racionalmente
Sensually
Sensualmente
Socially
Socialmente
Specially
Especialmente
quirk #6
Specifically
Especficamente
quirk #6
Topically
Tpicamente
Totally
Totalmente
Umbilically
Umbilicalmente
Universally
Universalmente
Vaginally
Vaginalmente
Virtually
Virtualmente
only 1 F
different spelling
C for T
You might take into account that there are many other words in English that end in ...ly. The above Rule takes into consideration only
those that end in ...ally because there are very few exceptions to this Rule.
English words ending in ...ly (other than ....ally) can be translated to Spanish simply by preceding the ...mente ending with either an
"a", or an "e", thus: ...mente or ...emente. But there are some exceptions (in other words, it doesn't always "work out").
English
Spanish
Terribly
Terriblemente
Candidly
Cndidamente
Correctly
Correctamente
Helpful Reminders
The spelling of the word in the Spanish translation will sometimes vary a bit, but it will be close enough to be understood.
Here are some examples:
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...bly
...mente
Appreciably
Apreciablemente
Calmly
Calmadamente
Elegantly
Elegantemente
Eloquently
Elocuentemente
Fabulously
Fabulosamente
Fervently
Fervorosamente
Magnificently
Magnficamente
Notably
Notablemente
Necessarilly
Necesariamente
Oppulently
Opulentemente
Patiently
Pacientemente
Perfectly
Perfectamente
Variably
Variablemente
Violently
Violentamente
only 1 P
C for Q
different spelling
only 1 S
C for T
C h a p t e r 1 3 - T h e A RY / O RY R u l e
(Major)
This Rule applies to those words in English with two or more syllables that end in
....ary
or
....ory
To translate them into Spanish, we will substitute the ending ...ary with
...ario
Thus, the English word ordinary is the Spanish word ordinario.
and we will substitute the ending ...ory with
...orio
and the English word accesory is the Spanish word accesorio.
Some further (mixed) examples:
The ARY / ORY Rule
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ary
...ario
...ory
...orio
Accusatory
Acusatorio
Adversary
Adversario
Ambulatory
Ambulatorio
also Ambulante
Anniversary
Aniversario
only 1 N
Appelatory
Apelatorio
only 1 P
Benedictory
Benedictorio
Canary
Canario
Category
Categora
Castigatory
Castigatorio
Centenary
Centenario
Compensatory
Compensatorio
Conciliatory
Conciliatorio
Confiscatory
Confiscatorio
Conservatory
Conservatorio
Contrary
Contrario
Crematory
Crematorio
Culinary
Culinario
Declamatory
Declamatorio
Defamatory
Difamatorio
Derogatory
Derogatorio
Directory
Directorio
Dormitory
Dormitorio
Elementary
Elementario
Eliminatory
Eliminatoria
Emasculatory
Emasculatorio
only 1 C
feminine gender *
I for E
also Elemental
Factory
Factora
See note **
Fulminatory
Fulminatorio
Gesticulatory
Gesticulatorio
Glory
Gloria
feminine gender *
History
Historia
feminine gender *
Illusory
Ilusorio
only 1 L
Inflammatory
Inflamatorio
only 1 M
Laboratory
Laboratorio
Mammary
Mamario
Mandatory
Mandatorio
Maxillary
Maxilario
Moratory
Moratorio ***
Obligatory
Obligatorio
Observatory
Observatorio
Octogenary
Octogenario
Olfactory
Olfactorio
Offertory
Ofertorio
Ordinary
Ordinario
Parliamentary
Parlamentario
Plagiary
Plagiario
Penitenciary
Penitenciara
Postulatory
Postulatorio
Proprietary
Propietario
Pulmonary
Pulmonario
Pulsatory
Pulsatorio
Purgatory
Purgatorio
Questionary
Cuestionario
Refectory
Refectorio
only 1 M
only 1 L
only 1 F
different spelling
feminine gender
different spelling
C for Q
Refractory
Refractario
Regulatory
Regulatorio
Respiratory
Respiratorio
Salutatory
Salutatorio
Secretary
Secretario
Sensory
Sensorio
Solitary
Solitario
Speculatory
Especulatorio
Subsidiary
Subsidiario
Summary
Sumario
Supervisory
Supervisorio
Temporary
Temporario
Terminatory
Terminatorio
different spelling
quirk #6
only 1 M
also Temporal
Although there are perhaps less than three hundred words in English with these endings, this Rule is extremely accurate. There are
very few exceptions. These are some relevant ones:
English
Spanish
Armory
Armera
Gory
Aparatoso
Predatory
Depredador
Retaliatory
Vengativo
Story
Cuento
Savory
Sabroso
Helpful Reminders
The principle object of this website is to encourage you to learn more spanish by demonstrating the striking similarities
between English and Spanish. Yes, you CAN (and at this point in the website, DO) SPEAK SPANISH!
"Matching Words" should dissipate any remaining fears that you might have about learning Spanish. You are not expected, of
course, to memorize each of these translations, but the sheer number of similar English-spanish words that are listed here
further exemplifies that Spanish is not the obscure and difficult language you might have thought it to be before you read
this website!
In addition to the words you have already learned in the preceding chapters, many of which ue spelled identically in English
and in Spanish (such as the ...AL,...AR, ...BLE, ...OR and ...SION Rules), here is a curious listing of Matching words that
ought to stimulate your curiosity! See how many more "Rules" you can discover!
Remember proper Spanish Pronunciation!
Some of these words are designated [verb] after the Spanish translation. To conjugate these verbs, see chapter Eighteen. you will
also find here some of the exceptions to the above-indicated Rules [i.e. Amiable in English is Amable in spanish]. where an English
word has different meanings [i.e."Bulb"] these are indicated and translations for both meanings are provided. There are 150 (count
'em!) new verbs listed here with all three endings (..ar, ..er, ..ir) to add to those that you have already learned! Here is the list
have noticed that more of those femenine gender words creeped in - we must to clear that up! Chapter Eighteen night help, if you are
in a hurry. Otherwise, just read on with the rest of us!
** The word "factory" is translated above to Spanish as "factora". This word, although correct, is rarely used. The modern usage
would be "fbrica", a place where things are fabricated! (We've learned that FABRICATE translates to FABRICAR [Chapter Three]. In
Englisll of course, Fabricate means to manufacture, or make, something.
***Moratorium is also Moratorio in Spanish.
Words in English that have this ending are exactly the same in Spanish!
There are exceptions, come of which we will list further on, but you will find that the very large majority of words in English ending
in
...ble
are
identical
in
meaning
and
spelling
when
translated
Spanish
...ble
...ble
Admissible
Admisibe
Alienable
Alienable
Applicable
Aplicable
Cable
Cable
Calculable
Calculable
Comparable
Comparable
Compatible
Compatible
Comprehensible
Comprensible
Helpful Reminders
only 1 S
only 1 P
no H, no E
to
Spanish.
Considerable
Considerable
Consolable
Consolable
Corrigible
Corregible
Corruptible
Corruptible
Curable
Curable
Delible
Delible
Depreciable
Depreciable
Dirigible
Dirigible
Destructible
Destructible
Determinable
Determinable
Divisible
Divisible
Durable
Durable
Executable
Executable
Explicable
Explicable
Exportable
Exportable
Fallible
Falible
only 1 L
Flammable
Flamable
only 1 M
Flexible
Flexible
Horrible
Horrible
quirk #1
Hospitable
Hospitable
quirk #1
Immitable
Imitable
only 1 M
Implacable
Implacable
Impossible
Imposible
Impregnable
Impregnable
Imputable
Imputable
Incessable
Incesable
only 1 S
Indelible
Indeleble
E for I
Indispensable
Indispensable
E for I
only 1 S
Indivisible
Indivisible
Indomitable
Indomable
different spelling
Inflammable
Inflamable
only 1 M
Innumerable
Innumerable
Irrefutable
Irrefutable
Irrevocable
Irrevocable
Irrisistible
Irresistible
Lamentable
Lamentable
Laudible
Laudible
Malleable
Maleable
Memorable
Memorable
Moldable
Moldeable
Mutable
Mutable
Narrable
Narrable
Navegable
Navegable
Notable
Notable
Objectionable
Objetable
Observable
Observable
Omisible
Omisible
Operable
Operable
Passable
Pasable
Permeable
Permeable
Permissible
Permisible
Portable
Portable
Possible
Posible
Practicable
Practicable
Probable
Probable
Reducible
Reducible
E for I
add an E
different spelling
only 1 S
only 1 S
Refutable
Refutable
Removable
Removible
Reversible
Reversible
Sable
Sable
Sensible
Sensible
Sociable
Sociable
Supportable
Soportable
Terminable
Terminable
Terrible
Terrible
Traversable
Transitable
different spelling
Useable
Usable
no E
Violable
Violable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
I for A
O for U, only 1 P
This Rule is accurate approximately 800% of the time, and there are many, many hundreds of words to which this Rule does apply.
There are many additional words in English with this ending that use the prefixes "in.." or "im.." (i.e., Incalculable, Impenetrable,
Incompatible, Inhospitable, etc.); these are also identical in Spanish.
One of the peculiarities of the English language is that we tend to invent words rather frequently that more closely express our
thoughts. The suffix '....ABLE" is no exception, either. This suffix implies the ability to perform the action of the verb to which it is
attached.
For example, if we feel that it is possible to jump over a specific wall, we might describe that wall as being 'JumpABLE", even if the
word is not to be found in any dictionary!
If you want to recognize many of the words for which the ...ble Rule does NOT apply, those would be English words that can be
preceded by the Prefix "un" (i. e. unpredictable, unrecognizeable, unmoveable, etc.). The Spanish Prefix "in.." is substituted for
"un..").
These are some of the more salient words for which this rule does NOT apply:
English
Spanish
Unable
Incapaz
Unbelievable
Increble
Bible
Biblia
Incapable
Incapaz
Edible
Comestible
Helpful Reminders
Fable
Fbula, Cuento
Unmanageable
Inmanejable
Mandible
Mandbula
Marble
Mrmol
the rock
Marble
Canica
the toy
Unmeasurable
Inmedible
Unmovable
Inamovible
Unobtainable
Inobtenible
Predictable
Predecible
Recognizable
Reconocible
Unsustainable
Insostenible
Syllable
Slaba
Mesa
Table (a listing)
Tabla
Unpredictable
Impredecible
Unthinkable
Impensable
Untranslatable
Intraducible
Trouble
Problema
Unrecognizable
Irreconocible
also Imprevisto
next-to-last
This
is
syllable
(the
our
last
"i")
receives
Chapter
stress
covering
[see
"Accents"
the
Chapter
Major
1].
Rules!
There is much more in the chapters ahead, but at this point you have learned more than twenty thousand words in Spanish!
As an encouragement, and to show you whatjust this single Rule will teach you, we will set forth many more examples than in the
previous chapters. This will give you a visual idea of how much Spanish you have actually learned!
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ive
...ivo
Abortive
Abortivo
Abrasive
Abrasivo
Abrogative
Abrogativo
Abstractive
Abstractivo
Abusive
Abusivo
Active
Activo
Adaptive
Adaptivo
Additive
Aditivo
Adhesive
Adhesivo
Adictive
Adictivo
Adjective
Adjetivo
Adoptive
Adoptivo
Affirmative
Afirmativo
only 1 F
Agressive
Agresivo
only 1 S
Assimilative
Asimilativo
only 1 S
Attractive
Atractivo
only 1 T
Benedictive
Benedictivo
Calculative
Calculativo
Capacitive
Capacitivo
Circumspective
Circunspectivo
Cohesive
Cohesivo
Collective
Colectivo
Comparative
Comparativo
Comprehensive
Comprensivo
only 1 D
no C
N for M
only 1 L
no H, no E
Conclusive
Conclusivo
Confirmative
Confirmativo
Consecutive
Consecutivo
Conservative
Conservativo
Contraceptive
Contraceptivo
Cooperative
Cooperativo
Corroborative
Corroborativo
Creative
Creativo
Cumulative
Cumulativo
Defective
Defectivo
Defensive
Defensivo
Definitive
Definitivo
Demonstrative
Demostrativo
Derogative
Derogativo
Destructive
Destructivo
Digestive
Digestivo
Diminutive
Diminutivo
Directive
Directivo
Distinctive
Distintivo
no C
Effective
Efectivo
only 1 F
Effusive
Efusivo
only 1 F
Excessive
Excesivo
only 1 S
Exclusive
Exclusivo
Executive
Ejecutivo
Expletive
Expletivo
Extensive
Extensivo
Festive
Festivo
Figurative
Figurativo
no N
J for X, quirk #2
Formative
Formativo
Fugitive
Fugitivo
Furtive
Furtivo
Gesticulative
Gesticulativo
Gramnegative
Gramnegativo
Grampositive
Grampositivo
Gravitative
Gravitativo
Gustative
Gustativo
Hydropositive
Hidropositivo
I for Y
Hypersensitive
Hipersensitivo
I for Y
Hypertensive
Hipertensivo
I for Y
Illustrative
Ilustrativo
only 1 L
Imperative
Imperativo
Incentive
Incentivo
Initiative
Iniciativo
Inovative
Inovativo
Intensive
Intensivo
Inquisitive
Inquisitivo
Instinctive
Instintivo
Instructive
Instructivo
Invasive
Invasivo
Judicative
Judicativo
Justificative
Justificativo
Lacerative
Lacerativo
Laxative
Laxativo
Legislative
Legislativo
Locomotive
Locomotivo
Memorative
Memorativo
C for T
no C
also laxante
the adverb
Missive
Misivo
Molestive
Molestivo
Native
Nativo
Negative
Negativo
Obstructive
Obstructivo
Offensive
Ofensivo
Operative
Operativo
Pensive
Pensativo
Positive
Positivo
Preservative
Preservativo
Reactive
Reactivo
Receptive
Receptivo
Respective
Respectivo
Responsive
Responsivo
Secretive
Secretivo
Seductive
Seductivo
Selective
Selectivo
Significative
Significativo
Subversive
Subversive
Suggestive
Sugestivo
Superlative
Superlativo
Tentative
Tentativo
only 1 S
only 1 F
differnet spelling
only 1 G
Because this is the last of the Major Rules, we'll get into more detail. This will give you an even better idea of how many words in
Spanish you have just learned.
in addition to the previous examples:
English
Spanish
Abdicative
Abdicativo
Abditive
Abditivo
Helpful Reminders
Abirritative
Abirritativo
Abjunctive
Abjuntivo
Ablative
Ablativo
Acceptive
Aceptivo
only 1 C
Accumulative
Acumulativo
only 1 C
Accusative
Acusativo
only 1 C
Adjudicative
Adjudicativo
Adjunctive
Adjuntivo
Adjustive
Adjustivo
Administrative
Administrativo
Admissive
Admisivo
Admonitive
Admonitivo
Adumbrative
Adumbrativo
Adventive
Adventivo
Adversative
Adversativo
Collusive
Colusivo
Coercive
Coercivo
Cognoscitive
Cognoscitivo
Cohortative
Cohortativo
quirk #1
Commiserative
Comiserativo
only 1 M
Communicative
Comunicativo
only 1 M
Compelative
Compelativo
Compensative
Compensativo
Competitive
Competitivo
Completive
Completivo
Compressive
Compresivo
Compulsative
Compulsativo
Compulsive
Compulsivo
no C
no C
only 1 S
only 1 L
only 1 S
Conative
Conativo
Concentrative
Concentrativo
Conceptive
Conceptivo
Concessive
Concesivo
Conciliative
Conciliativo
Concresive
Concresivo
Conclusive
Conclusivo
Condensative
Condensativo
Conductive
Conductivo
Conducive
Conducivo
Conflagrative
Conflagrativo
Conflictive
Conflictivo
Confusive
Confusivo
Conglutinative
Conglutinativo
Congretive
Congretivo
Congressive
Congresivo
Conjugative
Conjugativo
Conjunctive
Conjuntivo
no C
Connective
Conectivo
only 1 N
Connotative
Conotativo
only 1 N
Consolidative
Consolidativo
Constitutive
Constitutivo
Constrictive
Constrictivo
Constructive
Constructivo
Consultative
Consultativo
Contaminative
Contaminativo
Contemplative
Contemplativo
Continuative
Continuativo
only 1 S
also conducente
only 1 S
Contractive
Contractivo
Convective
Convectivo
Conversative
Conversativo
Conversive
Conversivo
Convulsive
Convulsivo
Cooptative
Cooptativo
Coordinative
Coordinativo
Copulative
Copulativo
Corporative
Corporativo
Corrective
Correctivo
Correlative
Correlativo
Dative
Dativo
Deceptive
Deceptivo
Declarative
Declarativo
Decusative
Decusativo
Decorative
Decorativo
Dedicative
Dedicativo
Deductive
Deductivo
Defunctive
Defuntivo
Degenerative
Degenerativo
Degressive
Degresivo
Deletive
Deletivo
Deliberative
Deliberativo
Delineative
Delineativo
Delusive
Delusivo
Demonstrative
Demostrativo
Denominative
Denominativo
Denotative
Denotativo
only 1 S
no N
Denunciative
Denunciativo
Depletive
Depletivo
Depopulative
Depopulativo
Deprecative
Deprecativo
Depressive
Depresivo
Depurative
Depurativo
Descensive
Descensivo
Descriptive
Descriptivo
Desiderative
Desiderativo
Designative
Designativo
Desitive
Desitivo
Dessicative
Desicativo
Elective
Electivo
Elusive
Elusivo
Enumerative
Enumerativo
Estimative
Estimativo
Evasive
Evasivo
Factive
Factivo
Federative
Federativo
Fermentative
Fermentativo
Fixative
Fijativo
Flotative
Flotativo
Fluxive
Flujivo
Fotive
Fotivo
Fricative
Fricativo
Fruitive
Frutivo
no I
Genitive
Genitivo
quirk #12
Germinative
Germinativo
quirk #12
only 1 S
only 1 S
J for X
J for X
Gerundive
Gerundivo
quirk #12
Hortative
Hortativo
quirk #1
Humective
Humectivo
quirk #1
Idiorepulsive
Idiorepulsivo
Illative
Ilativo
only 1 L
Illuminative
Iluminativo
only 1 L
Imaginative
Imaginativo
quirk #12
Imitative
Imitativo
Impassive
Impasivo
Impeditive
Impeditivo
Impulsive
Impulsivo
Imputative
Imputativo
Inappreciative
Inapreciativo
only 1 P
Inapprehensive
Inaprensivo
only 1 P, no "HE"
Incarnative
Incarnativo
Inceptive
Inceptivo
Inchoative
Incoativo
Incitative
Incitativo
Inclusive
Inclusivo
Incogitative
Incogitativo
quirk #12
Incommunicative
Incomunicativo
only 1 M
Incomprehensive
Incomprensivo
no "HE"
Inconclusive
Inconclusivo
Incrassative
Incrasativo
Indefective
Indefectivo
Indescriptive
Indescriptivo
Indicative
Indicativo
Indictive
Indictivo
only 1 S
no H
only 1 S
Indigestive
Indigestivo
quirk #12
Indiscrimminative
Indiscriminativo
only 1 M
Indistinctive
Indistintivo
no C
Inductive
Inductivo
Ineffective
Inefectivo
Inexhaustive
Inexhaustivo
Inexplosive
Inexplosivo
Infective
Infectivo
Infestive
Infestivo
Infiltrative
Infiltrativo
Infinitive
Infinitivo
Infirmative
Infirmativo
Inflammative
Inflamativo
Inflexive
Inflexivo
Inflictive
Inflictivo
Influencive
Influencivo
Influxive
Influxivo
Informative
Informativo
Infusive
Infusivo
Ingestive
Ingestivo
Inhabitative
Inhabitativo
quirk #1
Inhibitive
Inhibitivo
quirk #1
Inirritative
Inirritativo
Inobstrusive
Inobstrusivo
Inoculative
Inoculativo
Inoffensive
Inofensivo
Inoperative
Inoperativo
Inopressive
Inopresivo
only 1 F
only 1 M
only 1 F
Inscriptive
Inscriptivo
Insensitive
Insensitivo
Insignificative
Insignificativo
Insinuative
Insinuativo
Inspective
Inspectivo
Instigative
Instigativo
Instinctive
Instintivo
Institutive
Institutivo
Insusceptive
Insusceptivo
Integrative
Integrativo
Intellective
Intelectivo
Intempestive
Intempestivo
Intensative
Intensativo
Intentive
Intentivo
Interactive
Interactivo
Interceptive
Interceptivo
Interdictive
Interdictivo
Intermissive
Intermisivo
Internecive
Internecivo
Interoceptive
Interoceptivo
Interpenetrative
Interpenetrativo
Interpretive
Interpretivo
Interrogative
Interrogativo
Interruptive
Interruptivo
Intransitive
Intransitivo
Introductive
Introductivo
Introspective
Introspectivo
Introversive
Introversivo
no C
only 1 L
only 1 S
Introvertive
Introvertivo
Intrusive
Intrusivo
Intuitive
Intuitivo
Intussusceptive
Intususceptivo
Invective
Invectivo
Inventive
Inventivo
Inversive
Inversivo
Investigative
Investigativo
Irradiative
Irradiativo
Irreceptive
Irreceptivo
Irreflective
Irreflectivo
Irrelative
Irrelativo
Irremissive
Irremisivo
Irrespective
Irrespectivo
Irretentive
Irretentivo
Irrigative
Irrigativo
Irritative
Irritativo
Irruptive
Irruptivo
Iterative
Iterativo
Jurisdictive
Jurisdictivo
Jussive
Jusivo
Lambative
Lambativo
Laudative
Laudativo
Lenitive
Lenitivo
Limitative
Limitativo
Liquifactive
Liquifactivo
Locative
Locativo
Lustrative
Lustrativo
only 1 S
only 1 S
only 1 S
Manipulative
Manipulativo
Manumotive
Manumotivo
Massive
Masivo
Maturative
Maturativo
Mediative
Mediativo
Medicative
Medicativo
Meditative
Meditativo
Meliorative
Meliorativo
Mensurative
Mensurativo
Ministrative
Ministrativo
Mordicative
Mordicativo
Motive
Motivo
Multiplicative
Multiplicativo
Mutative
Mutativo
Mutilative
Mutilativo
Narrative
Narrativo
Nauseative
Nauseativo
Negative
Negativo
Nominative
Nominativo
only 1 S
For English words beginning with the PREFIX "non..." (as in nondefensive), substitute the PREFIX with "in..." for the Spanish translation
indefensivo. You can also substitute the English prefix "non" with the Spanish word "no", making two words: No defensivo ("no" of
course, means the same in both languages).
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Nonassertive
Inasertivo
only 1 S
Nonauthoritative
Inautoritativo
no H
Noncognitive
Incognitivo
Noncollaborative
Incolaborativo
Noncompetitive
Incompetitivo
Nonconnective
Inconectivo
only 1 L
only 1 N
Nonconsecutive
Inconsecutivo
Nonconservative
Inconservative
Nonconstructive
Inconstructivo
Noncontemplative
Incontemplative
Noncooperative
Incooperativo
Noncorrective
Incorrectivo
Noncorrosive
Incorrosivo
Noncreative
Increativo
Noncummulative
Incomulativo
Nondeceptive
Indeceptivo
Nondefensive
Indefensivo
Nonderivative
Inderivativo
Nondestructive
Indestructivo
Nondiffractive
Indifractivo
only 1 F
Nondistinctive
Indistintivo
no C
Nondistributive
Indistributivo
Noneffective
Inefectivo
Nonelective
Inelectivo
Nonexclusive
Inexclusivo
Nonexecutive
Inejecutivo
Nonexpansive
Inexpansivo
Nonexplosive
Inexplosivo
Nonfigurative
Infigurativo
Nonfricative
infricativo
Nongenerative
Ingenerativo
Nonimitative
Inimitative
also Inimitable
Noninclusive
Noinclusive
No for In
only 1 M
only 1 F
J for X, quirk #9
Noninductive
Noinductivo
No for In
Nonobjective
Inobjetivo
no C
Nonoperative
Inoperativo
Nonproductive
Inproductivo
Nonprogressive
Inprogresivo
Nonprotective
Inprotectivo
Nonreactive
Inreactivo
Nonrelative
Inrelativo
Nonrepresentative
Inrepresentativo
Nonreproductive
Inreproductivo
Nonrestrictive
Inrestrictive
Nonretentive
Inretentivo
Nonselective
Inselectivo
Nonsensitive
Insensitivo
Nonspeculative
Inespeculativo
Nonsubmissive
Insubmisivo
only 1 S
Nonsuccessive
Insucesivo
only 1 C, only 1 S
Nonvengative
Invengativo
Normative
Normativo
Notative
Notativo
Numerative
Numerativo
Nutritive
Nutritivo
Objective
Objetivo
Obliterative
Obliverativo
Obstructive
Obstructivo
Obvulative
Obvulativo
Occasive
Ocasivo
only 1 C
Occupative
Ocupativo
only 1 C
only 1 S
no C
Olivo
Oliva
Oliva
also aceituna
Ommisive
Omisivo
only 1 M
Omnispective
Omnispectivo
Opiniative
Opiniativo
Oppositive
Opositivo
only 1 P
Oppressive
Opresivo
only 1 P, only 1 S
Ordinative
Ordinativo
Originative
Originativo
Oscilative
Oscilativo
Ostensive
Ostensivo
Ostentive
Ostentivo
Oxidative
Oxidativo
Palliative
Paliativo
Partitive
Partitivo
Parturitive
Parturitivo
Passive
Pasivo
Pedonotive
Pedonotivo
Pejorative
Peyorativo
Pendentive
Pendentivo
Penetrative
Penetrativo
Percussive
Percusivo
Perfective
Perfectivo
Perforative
Perforativo
Perfusive
Perfusivo
Permissive
Permisivo
Persecutive
Persecutivo
only 1 L
only 1 S
Y for J
only 1 S
Persistive
Persistivo
Perspective
Perspectiva
Perspirative
Perspirativo
Persuasive
Persuasivo
Perturbative
Perturbativo
Philoprogenitive
Filoprogenitivo
no PH, quirk #5
Photosensitive
Fotosensitivo
Pignorative
Pignorativo
Placative
Aplacativo
Portentive
Portentivo
Possesive
Posesivo
feminine gender
only 1 S
For English words with the prefix "post...", substitute with "pos..." for the Spanish translation.
English
Spanish
Postoperative
Posoperativo
Postpositive
Pospositivo
Potestative
Potestativo
Precative
Precativo
Preceptive
Preceptivo
Preclusive
Preclusivo
Precursive
Precursivo
Predecessive
Predecesivo
Predestinative
Predestinativo
Predicative
Predicativo
Predictive
Predictivo
Preformative
Preformativo
Prejudicative
Prejudicativo
Prelusive
Prelusivo
Premeditative
Premeditativo
Helpful Reminders
only 1 S
Prepartive
Prepartivo
Preparative
Preparativo
Prepositive
Prepositivo
Prerogative
Prerogativo
Prescriptive
Prescriptivo
Presentative
Presentativo
Presentive
Presentivo
Preservative
Preservativo
Presumptive
Presuntivo
Pretentative
Pretentativo
Preventative
Preventativo
Preventive
Preventivo
Primitive
Primitivo
Privative
Privativo
Probative
Probativo
Procreative
Procreativo
Productive
Productivo
Profusive
Profusivo
also profuso
Progressive
Progresivo
only 1 S
Prohibitive
Prohibitivo
Pronunciative
Pronunciativo
Propagative
Propagativo
Propitiative
Propiciativo
C for T
Proprioceptive
Propioceptivo
no R
Propulsive
Propulsivo
Proscriptive
Proscriptivo
Prospective
Prospectivo
Protective
Protectivo
different spelling
Protractive
Protractivo
Protrusive
Protrusivo
Provocative
Provocativo
Punitive
Punitivo
Punctuative
Puntuativo
Purgative
Purgativo
Purificative
Purificativo
Putative
Putativo
Putrefactive
Putrefactivo
also putrefacto
Qualificative
Calificativo
C for QU
Qualitative
Cualitativo
C for Q
Quantitative
Cuantitativo
C for Q
Quidative
Quidativo
Quidditative
Quiditativo
Radiative
Radiativo
Radioactive
Radioactivo
Radiosensitive
Radiosensitivo
also Radiosensible
Ratiocinative
Raciocinativo
C for T
Reactive
Reactivo
Recapitulative
Recapitulativo
Receptive
Receptivo
Recessive
Recesivo
Reciprocative
Reciprocativo
Recitative
Recitativo
Reclusive
Reclusivo
Recollective
Recolectivo
only 1 L
Recommendative
Recomendativo
only 1 M
Recompensive
Recompensivo
no C
only 1 S
Reconstructive
Reconstructivo
Recreative
Recreativo
Recuperative
Recuperativo
Recusative
Recusativo
Redditive
Reditivo
Reductive
Reductivo
Refective
Refectivo
Reflective
Reflectivo
Reflexive
Reflexivo
Reformative
Reformativo
Refractive
Refractivo
Regenerative
Regenerativo
Regressive
Regresivo
Regulative
Regulativo
Reiterative
Reiterativo
Relative (adjective)
Relativo
Remissive
Remisivo
Remunerative
Remunerativo
Reparative
Reparativo
Repercussive
Repercusivo
Repetitive
Repetitivo
Repletive
Repletivo
Replicative
Replicativo
Reprehensive
Reprensivo
Representative
Representativo
Repressive
Represivo
Reproductive
Reproductivo
Repulsive
Repulsivo
only 1 D
only 1 S
only 1 S
only 1 S
no HE
Requisitive
Requisitivo
Rescriptive
Rescriptivo
Resentive
Resentivo
Reservative
Reservativo
Resistive
Resistivo
Resolutive
Resolutivo
Resorptive
Resorbtivo
Respective
Respectivo
Respirative
Respirativo
Responsive
Responsivo
Restitutive
Restitutivo
Restrictive
Restrictivo
Resultive
Resultivo
Resumptive
Resumptivo
Resuscitative
Resucitativo
Retaliative
Retaliativo
Retardative
Retardativo
Retentive
Retentivo
Retortive
Retortivo
Retractive
Retractivo
Retributive
Retributivo
Retroactive
Retroactivo
Retrogenerative
Retrogenerativo
Retrogressive
Retrogresivo
Retrooperative
Retrooperativo
Retropulsive
Retropulsivo
Retrospective
Retrospectiva
Reverberative
Reverberativo
B for P
only 1 S
only 1 S
Revertive
Revertivo
Revolutive
Revolutivo
Revulsive
Revulsivo
Rotative
Rotativo
Ruminative
Ruminativo
Ruptive
Ruptivo
Sanative
Sanativo
Seclusive
Seclusivo
Sedative
Sedativo
Sensitive
Sensitivo
Separative
Separativo
Simulative
Simulativo
Speculative
Especulativo
quirk #6
Stimulative
Estimulativo
quirk #6
Stipulative
Estipulativo
quirk #6
Stupecative
Estupefactivo
also Estupefaciente
Suasive
Persuasivo
different spelling
Subdivisive
Subdivisivo
Subordinative
Subordinativo
Subscriptive
Subscriptivo
Substantiative
Sustanciativo
no B, C for T
Substantive
Sustantivo
no B
Substitutive
Sustitutivo
no B
Subsumptive
Subsuntivo
N for MP
Successive
Sucesivo
only 1 C, only 1 S
Suffusive
Sufusivo
only 1 F
Superconductive
Superconductivo
Supersensitive
Supersensitivo
also sensible
also Supersensible
Superssesive
Supersesivo
only 1 S
Suppletive
Supletivo
only 1 P
Supplicative
Suplicativo
only 1 P
Supportive
Soportivo
U for O, only 1 P
Subpositive
Subpositivo
Suppressive
Supresivo
only 1 P, only 1 S
Suppurative
Supurativo
only 1 P
Susceptive
Susceptivo
Suspensive
Suspensivo
Sustentative
Sustentativo
Temulentive
Temulentivo
Terminative
Terminativo
Titilative
Titilativo
Tolerative
Tolerativo
Tortive
Tortivo
Totitive
Totitivo
Tractive
Tractivo
Traditive
Traditivo
Transcriptive
Transcriptivo
Transformative
Transformativo
Transfugitive
Transfugitivo
Transfusive
Transfusivo
Transgressive
Transgresivo
Transitive
Transitivo
Transmissive
Transmisivo
Transmutative
Transmutativo
Transpositive
Transpositivo
Tussive
Tusivo
only 1 S
only 1 S
only 1 S
Ulcerative
Ulcerativo
Ultraconservative
Ultraconservativo
For English words with the prefix "un..." (as in unagressive), substitute with "in..." for the Spanish translation (inagresivo).
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
Unagressive
Inagresivo
only 1 S
Unappreciative
Inapreciativo
only 1 P
Unargmentative
Inargmentativo
Unattractive
Inatractivo
only 1 T
Unauthoritative
Inautoritativo
no H
Unconservative
Inconservativo
also Inconservador
Uncooperative
Incooperativo
Unimaginative
Inimaginativo
Uninquisitive
Noinquisitivo
NO for IN
Uninventive
Noinventivo
NO for IN
Unobtrusive
Inobtrusivo
Unoffensive
Inofensivo
Unreceptive
Inreceptivo
Unremunerative
Inremunerativo
Unrepresentative
Inrepresentativo
Unresponsive
Inresponsivo
Unseductive
Inseductivo
Unselective
Inselectivo
Unspeculative
Inespeculativo
quirk #6
Unsubmissive
Insubmisivo
only 1 S
Unsuccessive
Insucesivo
only 1 C, only 1 S
Unsuggestive
Unsugestivo
only 1 G
Unaprehensive
Inaprensivo
no HE
Uncommunicative
Incomunicativo
only 1 M
only 1 F
Undemonstrative
Indemostrativo
no N
Undulative
Indulativo
Unexpressive
Inexpresivo
only 1 S
Urinative
Orinativo
O for U
Usitative
Usitativo
Vasifactive
Vasifactivo
Vegetative
Vegetativo
Vellicative
Velicativo
only 1 L
Venerative
Venerativo
also Venerable
Vengative
Vengativo
Ventilative
Ventilativo
Verificative
Verificativo
Vetitive
Vetitivo
Vibrative
Vibrativo
Vindicative
Vindicative
Vindictive
Vindictivo
Violative
Violativo
Vituperative
Vituperativo
Vivicative
Vivicativo
Vocative
Vocativo
Volitive
Volitivo
Vomitive
Vomitivo
Votive
Votivo
Notable Exceptions:
English
Spanish
Attentive
Atento
Conductive
Conducente
Conservative
Conservador
Helpful Reminders
Insensitive
Insensible
Perversive
Perverso
Petrifactive
Petrifacto
Photosensitive
Fotosensible
Profusive
Profuso
Relative (parental)
Pariente
Supersensitive
Supersensible
Ultraconservative
Ultraconservador
Unattentive
Inatento
[cousins, uncles]
You were not expected to have actually read each and every word example set forth in the preceding chapters! If you have a fairly
good command of the English language, you already knew most of the word examples and you had only to learn the Rules that
applied to the word endings.
The word examples have been intended only to give you a visual recognition of English words with each of the word endings. If you
have learned all of the preceding Rules and have read each of the word examples with the Spanish translations and still have reached
this point in the book in twenty minutes, then you deserve recognition and considerable admiration for your skill. You also ought to be
on TV!
In the following Chapter, you will find far fewer word examples for each of the twenty-six Minor Rules. You can add several thousand
more words to your Spanish vocabulary by learning the Minor Rules. Now that you are no longer racing with the clock to come in
under twenty - minutes, you should be able to continue at a more leisurely pace!
"For learning, the eye is more useful than the ear and the mouth is of no use whatsoever."
Ancient Proverb
Spanish
...AR
...AR
Angular
Angular
Annular
Anular
Articular
Articular
Auricular
Auricular
Binocular
Binocular
Circular
Circular
Collar
Collar
Insular
Insular
Linear
Linear
Modular
Modular
Molar
Molar
Muscular
Muscular
Ocular
Ocular
Perpendicular
Perpendicular
Pillar
Pilar
Popular
Popular
Sonar
Sonar
Triangular
Triangular
Vascular
Vascular
Helpful Reminders
only 1 N
quirk #3
only 1 L
#2
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ATOR
...ADOR
Accelarator
Acelarador
only 1 C
Accumulator
Acumulador
ony 1 C
Attenuator
Atenuador
Aviator
Aviador
Calibrator
Calibrador
Corrugator
Corrugador
Creator
Creador
Dictator
Dictador
Elevator
Elevador
Equator
Ecuador
Fabricator
Fabricador
Gladiator
Gladiador
Initiator
Iniciador
Lubricator
Lubricador
Mediator
Mediador
Narrator
Narrador
Navigator
Navegador
Operator
Operador
Orator
Orador
Originator
Originador
Oxygenator
Oxigenador
Radiator
Radiador
Refrigerator
Refrigerador
Senator
Senador
Simulator
Simulador
C for Q
C for T
E for I
#3
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...CLE
...CULO
*see accents
Article
Artculo
Monocle
Monculo
Oracle
Orculo
Spectacle
Espectculo
Tentacle
Tentculo
Testicle
Testculo
quirk #6
Exception:
Miracle
Milagro
#4
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...COPY
...COPIA
* see accents
Arthroscopy
Artroscopa
no H
Copy
Copia
Endoscopy
Endoscopa
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopa
Microscopy
Microscopa
Spectroscopy
Espectroscopa
quirk #6
#5
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...CTOR
...CTOR
Actor
Actor
Collector
Colector
Conductor
Conductor
Connector
Conector
only 1 N
Contractor
Contractor
also Contratista
Corrector
Corrector
Detector
Detector
Director
Director
Doctor
Doctor
Factor
Factor
only 1 L
Injector
Inyector
Inspector
Inspector
Instructor
Instructor
Protector
Protector
Reactor
Reactor
Rector
Rector
Reflector
Reflector
Refractor
Refractor
Retractor
Retractor
Sector
Sector
Tractor
Tractor
Vector
Vector
#6
English
Spanish
...ENCE
...ENCIA
Dependence
Dependencia
Essence
Esencia
Evidence
Evidencia
Fluorescence
Fluorescencia
Independence
Independencia
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudencia
Luminiscence
Luminiscencia
Preference
Preferencia
Prudence
Prudencia
Reference
Referencia
Sequence
Secuencia
Helpful Reminders
only 1 S
C for Q
#7
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ENE
...ENO
Acetylene
Acetileno
I for Y
Ethylene
Etileno
no H, I for Y
Methylene
Metileno
no H, I for Y
Poliethylene
Polietileno
no H, I for Y
Serene
Sereno
Toluene
Tolueno
#8
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...GRAPH
...GRAFO
* see accents
Electrocardiograph
Electrocardigrafo
Electroencephalograph
Electroencefalgrafo
quirk #5
Encephalograph
Encefalgrafo
quirk #5
Metalograph
Metalgrafo
Phonograph
Fongrafo
quirk #5
Polygraph
Polgrafo
I for Y
Seriograph
Serigrafo
#9
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...GRAPHY
...GRAFA
* see accents
Angiography
Angiografa
Calligraphy
Caligrafa
Geography
Geografa
Micrography
Micrografa
Orthography
Ortografa
no H
Photography
Fotografa
quirk #5
Topography
Topografa
Xerography
Xerografa
only 1 L
#10
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...ICAL
...ICO
* see accents
Bacteriological
Bacteriolgico
Economical
Econmico
Ethical
tico
Logical
Lgico
Magical
Mgico
Medical
Mdico
Methodical
Metdico
no H
Exception:
Radical
Radical
see Al Rule
#11
English
Spanish
...IFY
...IFICAR
Amplify
Amplificar
Clarify
Clarificar
Classify
Clasificar
Edify
Edificar
Gratify
Gratificar
Justify
Justificar
Mollify
Molificar
Nullify
Nulificar
Pacify
Pacificar
Ratify
Ratificar
Solidify
Solidificar
Tipify
Tipificar
Unify
Unificar
Helpful Reminders
only 1 S
only 1 L
Verify
Verificar
#12
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...INE
...INA
Decline
Declinar
[verb]
Gasoline
Gasolina
Recline
Reclinar
[verb]
Refine
Refinar
[verb]
Tetracycline
Tetraciclina
I for Y
#13
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...IST
...ISTA
Antagonist
Antagonista
Assist
Asista
only 1 S
Chorist
Corista
no H
Columnist
Columnista
Communist
Comunista
only 1 M
Congregationalist
Congregacionalista
C for T
Dentist
Dentista
Desist
Desista
Florist
Florista
List
Lista
Medalist
Medallista
double L
Nationalist
Nacionalista
C for T
Occulist
Oculista
only 1 C
Organist
Organista
Populist
Populista
Pugilist
Pugilista
Rentist
Rentista
Resist
Resista
Socialist
Socialista
Specialist
Especialista
Subsist
Subsist
quirk #6
Exceptions:
Twist
Torcer
[verb]
Reclinar
[verb]
Consist
Consistir
Mist
Neblina
Druggist
Farmaclogo
#14
English
Spanish
...IUM
...IO
Actinium
Actinio
Aluminium
Aluminio
Gallium
Galio
Medium
Medio
Palladium
Paladio
Podium
Podio
Premium
Premio
Rhodium
Rodio
Selenium
Selenio
Sodium
Sodio
Stadium
Estadio
Xirconium
Xirconio
Helpful Reminders
only 1 L
only 1 L
no H
quirk #6
Exceptions
Chromium
Cromo
Chranium
Crneo
#15
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...LOGY
...LOGIA
*see accents
Analogy
Analoga
Anthropology
Antropologa
Astrology
Astrologa
Biology
Biologa
Cancerology
Cancerologa
Ecology
Ecologa
Entomology
Entomologa
Geology
Geologa
Methodology
Metodologa
no H
Morphology
Morfologa
quirk #5
Ophthalmology
Oftalmologa
quirk #5
Paleontology
Paleontologa
Physiology
Fisiologa
Trilogy
Triloga
Virology
Virologa
Vulcanology
Vulcanologa
Zoology
Zoologa
no H
Exceptions
Apology
Disculpa
Eulogy
Elogio
#16
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...METER
...METRO
*see accents
Barometer
Barmetro
Calorimeter
Calormetro
Kilometer
Kilmetro
Meter
Metro
Odometer
Odmetro
Photometer
Fotmetro
quirk #5
Spectrophotometer
Espectrofotmetro
quirks #6 & #5
Sphygmomanometer
Esfigmomanmetro
quirks #6 & #5
Thermometer
Termmetro
no H
#17
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...METRY
...METRA
*see accents
Biometry
Biometra
Geometry
Geometra
Ophthometry
Optometra
quirk #5
Orthometria
Ortometra
quirk #5
Polimetry
Polimetra
#18
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...OMY
...OMA
*see accents
Agronomy
Agronoma
Anatomy
Anatoma
Appendectomy
Apendectoma
Autonomy
Autonoma
Colostomy
Colostoma
Hysterectomy
Histerectoma
Mastectomy
Mastectoma
Physionomy
Fisionoma
only 1 P
I for Y
quirk #5
#19
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...OR
...OR
Anterior
Anterior
Candor
Candor
Color
Color
Editor
Editor
Exterior
Exterior
Favor
Favor
Furor
Furor
Honor
Honor
Horror
Horror
Humor
Humor
Inferior
Inferior
Inventor
Inventor
Labor [noun]
Labor
Monitor
Monitor
Motor
Motor
Pastor
Pastor
Rotor
Rotor
Sensor
Sensor
Servomotor
Servomotor
Stupor
Estupor
quirk #6
Successor
Sucesor
only 1 C, only 1 S
Superior
Superior
Terror
Terror
Transistor
Transistor
Tumor
Tumor
Valor
Valor
Vapor
Vapor
Vigor
Vigor
Visor
Visor
Exceptions:
Sculptor
Escultor
Grantor
Subventor
#20
English
Spanish
...OSIS
...OSIS
Halitosis
Halitosis
Metamorphosis
Metamorfosis
Mitosis
Mitosis
Neurosis
Neurosis
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Thrombosis
Trombosis
Helpful Reminders
quirk #1
no H
#21
English
Spanish
...PLASM
...PLASMA
Bioplasm
Bioplasma
Cataplasm
Cataplasma
Ectoplasm
Ectoplasma
Protoplasm
Protoplasma
Helpful Reminders
For ...SM endings other than ...PLASM, add an "O" for Spanish translation: [see ISM Rule]
Orgasm
Orgasmo
Spasm
Spasmo
#22
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...SCOPE
...SCOPIO
Cardioscope
Cardioscopio
Endoscope
Endoscopio
Gastroscope
Gastroscopio
Microscope
Microscopio
Ophthalmoscope
Oftalmoscopio
Otoscope
Otoscopio
Telescope
Telescopio
#23
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...STY
...STA
*see accents
Dinasty
Dinasta
Modesty
Modestia
Travesty
Travesta
#24
English
Spanish
...UME
...UMIR
Assume
Asumir
Consume
Consumir
Presume
Presumir
Resume
Resumir
Helpful Reminders
only 1 S
#25
English
Spanish
Helpful Reminders
...URE
...URA
Adventure
Aventura
Aperture
Apertura
Architecture
Arquitectura
QU for CH
Denture
Dentadura
different spelling
no D
Censure
Censura
Conjecture
Conjetura
Cure
Cura
Fracture
Fractura
Future
Futura
Lecture
Lectura
Manufacture
Manufactura
Overture
Obertura
Pasture
Pastura
Pure
Pura
Rupture
Ruptura
Stature
Estatura
Suture
Sutura
Torture
Tortura
Venture
Ventura
no C
or Futuro
B for V
quirk #6
Exceptions
Lure (for fishing)
Curricn
Lure (verb)
Atraer
Manure
Estircol
Nature
Naturaleza
Secure (verb)
Asegurar
Sure
Seguro
Vulture
*to attract
#26
English
Spanish
...UTE
...UTO
Astute
Astuto
Convolute
Convoluto
Helpful Reminders
Dilute [adj.]
Diluto
also Diludo
Minute
Minuto
Prostitute
Prostituto [masc.]
Resolute
Resoluto
Statute
Statuto
Prostituta [fem.]
Exceptions
Dilute [verb]
Diluir
Salute [verb]
Saludar
Pollute [verb]
Poluir
Refute [verb]
Refutar
And there are still others, but by now you have probably reached the point of total saturation! (sp.saturacin total).
Chapter 17 - The Gender & Articles
At last! You have probably been waiting for this with baited breath! Yes, in Spanish, as in most other languages, there are
masculine and feminine-gendered words.
This applies only to nouns and their adjectives (modifiers). Don't panic! It isn't really that complicated.
Here are the basic rules:
Masculine-gendered nouns are preceded by the Article "el" (equivalent to "the" in English).
The piano, in Spanish is "el piano".
Feminine-gendered nouns are preceded by the Article "la" (also equivalent to "the" in English).
The bed , in Spanish is "la cama".
Here's how to recognize the gender:
[1] Singular nouns in Spanish that end in ...a, ...er or ...cin, are feminine [f].
la puerta
the door
la mujer
the woman
la nacin
the nation
For euphony, use "el" and not "la" for feminine sngular nouns that begin with "a..." or "ha...". This avoids using two
"a" sounds nexto each other.
The equivalent English rule would be: "an apple" instead of "a apple".
Here are some Spanish examples:
el agua
the water
el hacha
the hatchet
el alma
the soul
These are all femenine nouns inasmuch as they end in "..a". Using the article "el" does not change the gender of these
nouns, and the plural reverts to the feminine article again, thus:
las aguas
the waters
las hachas
the hatchets
las almas
the souls
[2] Singular nouns in Spanish with endings other than the above, are masculine [m]. These include nouns that end in
"e", "en", "il", "o", "or" and "on".
el hombre
the man
el tren
the train
el mastil
the mast
el piano
the piano
el seor
the Mister
el cordn
the cord
the day
el lunes
the monday
el mes
the month
el Espaol
the Spanish
el Ingls
the English
[3] The plural femenine article is "las"
las naciones
the nations
the pianos
These together with the neuter article "lo" comprise the Definitive Articles in Spanish. "lo" is used in conjuntion with an adjective. In
English,
of
course,
it
is
always
"the
(best,
highest,
longest,
etc.)"
For example:
lo mejor del artculo
[5] This, that, these & those are expressed in Spanish as este (or esta), ese (or esa), estos (or estas) and aquellos (or aquellas).
este momento
esta manzana
ese momento
esa manzana
estos momentos
estas manzanas
esos momentos
esas manzanas
Aquellos
(or
aquellas)
is
generally
used
when
refferring
to
people
aquellas mujeres
[6]
The
Indefinite
Articles
are
also
gendered,
thus:
In English, the singular "a" or "an" (a moment, an apple) are either "un" [m] or "una" [f], in Spanish depending on the gender of the
noun:
un momento
a moment [m]
una manzana
an apple [f]
The English plural "some" (some moments, some apples) in Spanish becomes "unos" or "unas", depending on the gender of the
noun:
unos momentos
unas manzanas
The English plural "a few" (a few moments, a few apples) in Spanish becomes "algunos" or "algunas", depending on the gender of
the noun:
algunos momentos
algunas manzanas
adjective
changes
gender
in
accordance
with
la mujer astuta
If the adjective modifies masculine and feminine nouns, use the masculine plural adjective:
los hombres y las mujeres
astutos
Adjectives that end in "e", such as "grande" [large or big] do not change:
el hombre grande
the
noun
it
modifies.
la mujer grande
Grande, incidentally, is also used in Spanish to describe an elderly person, which is more polite and sensitive than using the adjective
"viejo" [old]. In these cases, one would use the adjective in conjunction with the intransitive verb "est" [is], that denotes a state of
being:
El hombre est grande
The intransitive verb "est" has an accent on the second syllable, whereas the article "esta" has an stress on the first.
C h a p t e r 1 8 - C o n j u g a t i n g a Ve r b
The verb in Spanish changes when it is conjugated. In English, the verb remains substantially the same.
Because of this, English is a relatively simple language to learn to speak, albeit in a primitive sort of
way. Primitive, or "pidgin", English is spoken widely throughout the world because, once a verb is
learned, it can be easily conjugated with little or no modification. However, writing and reading English
is
different
matter
altogether!
Spanish
run
I run
Yo corro
Your run
T corres
He runs
l corre
She Runs
Ella corre
We run
Nosotros corremos
They run
They run
Horrors!, you say. How could anyone ever learn the language?! You were probably thinking the very
same
thing
before
you
picked
up
this
book,
and
now....well,
let's
take
look:
In the above example, you will see that we have modified the verb ending. The verb "correr" ends
in ...er, and all verbs with that ending would be modified (conjugated) the very same way.
In
[In
Spanish
there
English
are
only
there
three
different
are
verb
endings.
dozens!]
Let's extract a verb from one of the Rules we've learned. In Chapter Three we learned that English
words ending in ....ate are translated to Spanish by substituting with.... ar.
Let's try Elevate.
We know that, in Spanish, it's Elevar. [to Elevate]
To conjugate this verb in Spanish, we will modify the ending (...ar) thus:
English
Spanish
Yo Elevo
I elevate
T Elevas
You elevate
l eleva
He elevates
Ella eleva
She elevates
Nosotros elevamos
We elevate
Ellos elevan
Ellas elevan
refer
is
called
the
can
be
to
polite
form.
abbreviated
you
(pronounced
as
OOS-TETH,
Ud.,
always
as
soft
"th"
usted.
sound
with
as
in
capital
They)
"U".
lf I am addressing a GROUP of people (the English plural is also you") Usted becomes ustedes.
The
The
abbreviation
abbreviated
for
forms
ustedes,
(of
is
course)
Uds.,
are
used
with
only
a
in
capital
written
"U".
Spanish.
You elevate
Ustedes elevan
You elevate
Usted is Neuter, which means it can be used for either Masculine or Feminine subjects.
Although it is a bit tiresome to remember all of this,it does have its advantages. Let's go back to
the
verb
run
and
we'll
learn
shortcut.
It's true that in English the conjugation is simple, but we must always attach the subject to the
verb,
as
in
run,
or
We
run.
In Spanish we modify the verb by changing its ending (Yo corro, Nosotros corremos).
By saying "corro", we imply that it is I who runs.
By saying "corremos", we imply that it is we who run.
Therefore, we can effectively eliminate the subject from the sentence by the treatment of the verb
ending. We can state, simply:
(Yo) corro
I run
(T) corres
You run
l corre
He runs
Ella corre
She runs
(Usted) corre
You run
(Nosotros) corremos
We run
(Ellos) corren
They run
(Ellas) corren
They run
Of course, if the subject is feminine (ladies, for example) and we want to get the point across that
"they" refers specifically to a group of lady joggers, we would say "Ellas corren". We would attach
the subject only if we wanted to specify the gender of the subject, male or female.
There are only three verb endings in Spanish:
...ar
...er
...ir
To conjugate verbs ending in ...ar, as in the Spanish verb imitar [to imitate], we substitute the
ending with:
(Yo) imito
I imitate
(T) imitas
You imitate
(l) imita
He imitates
(Ella) imita
She imitates
(Usted) imita
You imitate
(Nosotros) imitamos
We imitate
(Ustedes) imitan
You imitate
They imitate
To conjugate verbs ending in ...er, as in the Spanish verb comer [to eat], we substitute the ending
with:
(Yo) como
I eat
(T) comes
You eat
(l) come
He eats
(Ella) come
She eats
(Usted) come
You eat
(Nosotros) comemos
We eat
(Ustedes) comen
You eat
They eat
To conjugate verbs ending with ...ir, as in the Spanish verb sufrir [to suffer], we substitute the
ending with:
(Yo) sufro
I suffer
(T) sufres
You suffer
(l) sufre
He suffers
(Ella) sufre
She suffers
(Usted) sufre
You suffer
(Nosotros) sufrimos
We suffer
(Ustedes) sufren
You suffer
They suffer
endings.
If you add a few thousand nouns, adjectives and adverbs, you can see that you are well on your
way
to
expressing
yourself
in
Spanish!
Don't forget that the subject (Yo, T, l, etc.) does not need to be included, except in cases where
you want to specify that the subject is masculine or feminine or you are using the polite form
(Usted), in which case it is optional (when you want to specify that you are being polite).
Let's take a look now at the Past Tense
We will use the same verbs as we used in the Present Tense, "imitar" [to imitate], "comer" [to
eat]
and
"sufrir"
[to
suffer]
I imitated
(T) imitaste
You imitated
(l) imit
He imitated
(Ella) imit
She imitated
(Usted) imit
You imitated
(Nosotros) imitamos
We imitated
(Ustedes) imitaron
You imitated
They imitated
for
clearer
illustration.
(Yo) com
I ate
(T) comiste
You ate
(l) comi
He ate
(Ella) comi
She ate
(Usted) comi
You ate
(Nosotros) comimos
We ate
(Ustedes) comieron
You ate
They ate
I suffered
(T) sufriste
You suffered
(l) sufri
He suffered
(Ella) sufri
She suffered
(Usted) sufri
You suffered
(Nosotros) sufrimos
We suffered
(Ustedes) sufrieron
You suffered
They suffered
Finally, with the same verbs, let's look at the Future Tense
For verbs ending in ...ar, we add the following to the ending:
(Yo) imitar
I will imitate
(T) imitars
(l) imitar
He will imitate
(Ella) imitar
(Usted) imitar
(Nosotros) imitaremos
We will imitate
(Ustedes) imitarn
(Yo) comer
I will eat
(T) comers
(l) comer
He will eat
(Ella) comer
(Usted) comer
(Nosotros) comeremos
We will eat
(Ustedes) comern
(Yo) sufrir
I will suffer
(T) sufrirs
(l) sufrir
He will suffer
(Ella) sufrir
(Usted) sufrir
(Nosotros) sufriremos
We will suffer
(Ustedes) sufrirn
Once again, remember that by saying sufrir, we are implying that it is I who will suffer. We need
not attach the subject [yo] to get the meaning across. This, naturally, is true for all the verb
tenses!
There are other tenses, of course, such as past-perfect, future-perft etc., that you will want to
include in further studies. For the purpose of this web, however, we've covered the ground!
Chapter 19 - Ser & Estar
The verb "to be" in Spanish must have been thought up by a brilliantly tangled mind, both fool and
genius, and is one of the stumbling blocks in Spanish. It isn't much better in English, either, with "to be"
,
"am",
"is"
and
"are"
all
jockeying
for
position!
It is one of perhaps ten important radically-changing verbs in the Spanish language (English has its
share,
also).
Both ser and estar mean "to be", although they cannot be used interchangeably without altering the
meaning
Let's
of
look,
first,
the
at
the
verb
sentence.
ser
(to
be).
Spanish
English
(Yo) soy
I am
(T) eres
You are
(l) es
He is
(Ella) es
She is
(Usted) es
You are
(Nosotros) somos
We are
(Ustedes) son
You are
They are
As we have learned in previous Chapters, the subject does not need to be included. "Soy", for
example, implies that "I am".
The verb denotes something essential or expresses a characteristic, about a person or thing:
(Yo) soy creativo
I am creative
(l) es creativo
He is creative
(Ella) es creativa
She is creative
(Usted) es creativo
We are creative
creative
The verb "estar" [to be ] is used mostly to denote a subject's location, condition or position, relative to
something or someplace:
(Yo) estoy aqu
I am here
He is here
She is here
We are here
This fairly covers the usage of this odd verb. You will learn to recognize the proper usage and inuendos
as you explore the language further. In the above example, you will note that est is accentuated on
the last syllable. This differentiates the verb from the article "esta" [f], wherein the emphasis (stress) is
on the first syllable: ES-TA (see chapter seventeen]. The importance of the accent becomes obvious
when
differentiating
between
words
Consider
that
are
similarly
the
spelled.
following:
When using the Article esta and the verb est in the same sentence, it would look like this:
este seor est aqu
Seor and Seora are the polite designations for gentleman and lady, similar to "Sir" and "Madam", or
"Mister" (Mr.) and "Mrs." in English. They are abbreviated Sr. (Seor), and Sra. (Seora).
Spanish,
you
don't
need
an
adjective
to
make
noun
"tiny".
Attaching ...ita [f] to Seora (Lady, or Mrs.) converts it to "Seorita" (little Lady, or Miss)!
The
abbreviation
for
Seorita
is
"Srta".
There is no accepted word in Spanish for "Ms", although the slang "Seo" is often used.
You can also make a noun large with a Suffix (called the "Augmentative form")
There's ...ota for femenine-gendered nouns [fl
and ...ote for masculine-gendered nouns [m]
La casota (The big house)
you
began
reading
this
book,
you
probably
didn't
know
any
Spanish
at
all!
We did not need to enter a lot of grammatical jargon to reach this point in the book. It is precisely that
tedious
process
that
discourages
most
people
from
learning
new
language.
The many word examples set forth in the book are really not part of our learning process here, since you
already knew the words in English. You had only to learn the Rules that apply to different English-word
endings. Simple mathematics will tell you that by learning fourteen Major Rules, you learned
approximately twenty thousand words in Spanish, an average of nearly fifteen hundred words for each
Major Rule! To comply with the title of this website, you will have had nearly one and three-quarters
minutes to learn each of the one-word Major Rules, a time which was arrived at by sample testing and
that,
for
some,
might
seem
bit
ambitious.
Additionally, with the twenty-six Minor Rules, you learned another five thousand words, approximately,
which is still nearly two-hundred words per Minor Rule on the average! These averages, naturally, will vary
in accordance with your own command of the English language which took you, very likely, years to learn!
Whatever the case, you have learned thousands of words in Spanish, you know what they mean, you know
how to read and write them, you know how to pronounce them and you will likely never forget them
(unless
you
forget
how
to
speak
English!).
Beyond that, (although not part of the Twenty Minutes) you have also learned how to recognize word
genders, how to conjugate verbs and how to search for verbs, nouns, adverbs and adjectives among the
Rules we've covered.
That is sufficient reason to give yourself a pat on the back!
If you travel to a Spanish-speaking country after having read this book, it will amaze you how much you do understand, and it should
make you curious to learn what you don't yet understand. People in Latin America really don't expect you to know their language but
they are pleased and flattered if you at least try. What you have learned in this book will allow you to make the effort and still feel
confident that you know the meaning of what you are saying. After all, if you know what a word means in English, and you have now
learned how to translate it to Spanish, then you know precisely what it is you are talking about!
In the Appendix, you will find hundreds of identical (and nearly identical) English-Spanish words, including hundreds of verbs, in
addition to those we have already covered in the Rules. These 'Matching Words" are meant to further stimulate your desire to speak
and study Spanish and to demonstrate that the chasm between English and Spanish is not nearly so wide as you might have thought.
Also in the Appendix, there is a condensed dictionary of practical phrases for the traveler, common usage nouns including those that
describe food, office equipment, animals, furniture, services and even insects! There are additional useful verbs (and their
conjugations) as well as Spanish translations for colors, shapes and textures and you will even find longhand numbers (so that you
can write a check in Spanish). And, on the final page of the Appendix, you'll find a Cheat Sheet that shows all of the Major & Minor
Rules - a handy quick reference! (If you're a student, please don't take the "cheat sheet" along to the classroom during exams!).
Pronunciation is the key to learning more of the language, so be sure to read and re-read the first Chapter! Practice out loud, often!
Don't be shy! Many people who have studied two or more years of Spanish in high-school very likely know (or remember) only a
fraction of the Spanish words you have just learned! More than likely, they would not be able to tell you what the Spanish translations
for Superconductive or Coefficient or Anachronism are!
You can now practice your pronunciation on any Spanish word, whether or not we've covered it in this book. If you have made an
honest effort in learning the First Chapter, you will know that:
Hasta is pronounced AHS-TAH, and
luego is pronounced LOO-EH-GO
which in Spanish isn't quite "Good-bye". It literally means'Until later", and is the Spanish equivalent of SO LONG!
Food for thought...
Have you ever wondered why you cannot consciously recall events in your life that took place before you could understand words?
Surely, there were many important events, not the least of which was moment of birth, and yet these events seem to have
evaporated from your life. The images must be there, somewhere, but somehow you not able to retrieve them from your memory
bank! Your earliest recollections are sketchy and incomplete, in tune, you might say, with the extent of your vocabulary at the time. It
seems that the mind is a storage house of images for which words are the key to their retrieval. If so, then words are far more than
just sounds we use to express ourselves or to understand the thoughts of others. They are also the very flags that our mind uses to
label each and every file of images and experiences. One might conclude that, by learning more words, we could expand our ability to
store more retrievable images and knowledge. What we know, basically, is what we can consciously retrieve. Is it fair, then, to say by
expanding our vocabulary we are simultaneously expanding our ability to retrieve stored knowledge? Imagine, then, how much
knowing a second language - with its own intrinsic characteristics and expressions - will increase your ability to retrieve information
from your memory files!
A p p e n d i x 1 - M a t c h i n g Wo r d s
The principle object of this website is to encourage you to learn more spanish by demonstrating the striking similarities between
English
and
Spanish.
Yes,
you
CAN
(and
at
this
point
in
the
website,
DO)
SPEAK
SPANISH!
"Matching Words" should dissipate any remaining fears that you might have about learning Spanish. You are not expected, of course,
to memorize each of these translations, but the sheer number of similar English-spanish words that are listed here further exemplifies
that Spanish is not the obscure and difficult language you might have thought it to be before you read this website!
In addition to the words you have already learned in the preceding chapters, many of which ue spelled identically in English and in
Spanish (such as the ...AL,...AR, ...BLE, ...OR and ...SION Rules), here is a curious listing of Matching words that ought to
stimulate your curiosity! See how many more "Rules" you can discover!
Remember proper Spanish Pronunciation!
Some of these words are designated [verb] after the Spanish translation. To conjugate these verbs, see chapter Eighteen. you will
also find here some of the exceptions to the above-indicated Rules [i.e. Amiable in English is Amable in spanish]. where an English
word has different meanings [i.e."Bulb"] these are indicated and translations for both meanings are provided. There are 150 (count
'em!) new verbs listed here with all three endings (..ar, ..er, ..ir) to add to those that you have already learned! Here is the list
Matching Words
English
Same Spelling
Abacus
baco
Abalone
Abuln
Abandon
Abandonar
Verb
Abandon
Abandono
Noun
Abdomen
Abdomen
Abnormal
Anormal
Aborigines
Aborgenes
Abort
Abortar
Verb
Abortion
Aborto
Noun
Absolute
Absoluto
Abstract
Abstracto
Absurd
Absurdo
Abundance
Abundancia
Abundant
Abundante
Academy
Academia
Acetate
Acetato
Acetone
Acetona
Access
Acceso
Accord
Acorde
Accordion
Acorden
Acid
cido
Acrobat
Acrbata
Adenoid
Adenoide
Adict
Adicto
Adept
Adepto
Admire
Admirar
Admission
Admisin
Admit
Admitir
verb
Adopt
Adoptar
verb
Adorn
Adornar
verb
Adult
Adulto
Advance
Avanzar
Adventure
Aventura
Adverb
Adverbio
Aerodrome
Aerdromo
Aeroplane
Aeroplano
Aero
Areo
Adobe
Aerosol
Adobe
Aerosol
Affect
Africa
verb
Afectar
frica
African
Africano
Afro-
Afro-
Agar
Agar
Agate
gata
verb
Aggressor
Agresor
Agriculture
Agricultura
Air
Aire
Alamo
lamo
Alarm
Alarma
Alaska
Alaska
Albino
Albino
Albumin
Albumina
Alcohol
Alcohol
Alfalfa
Alfalfa
Algae
Algebra
Alga
lgebra
quirk #12
Alkali
Alkal
Alliance
Alianza
Almanac
Almanaque
Alpac
Alpaca
Alpha
Alfa
Alphabet
Alfabeto
Alpine
Alpino
Altar
Altar
Alter
Alterar
verb
Altitude
Altitud
also Altura
Alveolar
Alveolar
Amalgam
Amalgama
Amaretto
Amareto
Amarillo
Amarillo
Amateur
Amateur
Amber
mbar
Ambient
Ambrosia
Ambiente
Ambrosa
Ambulance
Ambulancia
Amiable
Amable
Amicable
Amigable
Amino
Amino
Ammonia
Amoniaco
Amnion
Amnios
Amoeba
Ameba
Ampere
Amper
Amphora
nfora
Amplitude
Amplitud
Ampule
mpula
Amulet
Amuleto
Anaconda
Anaconda
Analog
Anlogo
Analysis
Anlisis
Anarchy
Anarqua
Anatomy
Anatoma
Ancestor
Ancestro
Anecdote
Ancdota
Anemia
Anemia
Anemone
Anmona
Aneroid
Aneroide
Anesthesia
Anestesia
Angel
Angel
Angelica
Angina
Anglica
Angina
Angostura
Angostura
Anis
Ans
Anisette
Anisete
Anode
nodo
Anorexia
Anorexia
Antecessor
Antecesor
Antedeluvian
Antedeluviano
Antemeridian
Antemeridiano
Anticoagulant
Anticoagulante
Antigen
Antgeno
Aorta
Aorta
Apache
Apache
Apart
Apnea
Aparte
Apnea
Apostrophe
Apstrofe
Appetite
Apetito
Aptitude
Aptitud
Aqueduct
Acueducto
Arab
rabe
Arc
Arco
Architect
Arquitecto
Archive
Archivo
Argon
Argn
Argument
Argumento
Aristocrat
Aristcrata
Arm
Arma
Armadillo
Armament
Armadillo
Armamento
weapon
Arrest
Arrestar
Art
Arte
Artery
Arteria
Artist
Artista
Asafetida
Asaftida
Asbestos
Aspire
Asbesto
Aspire
Aspirar
Assist
Asistir
Asterisk
Asterisco
Asteroid
Asteroide
Asthma
Asma
Astral
Astral
Astringent
Astringente
Astronaut
Astronauta
Astute
Astuto
Atlas
Astuta [f]
Atlas
Atmosphere
Atmsfera
Atom
tomo
Audio
verb
Audio
Audit
Auditar
verb
Austere
Austero
Austera [f]
Author
Autor
Auditor
Auditor
Aura
Aura
Auricular
Auricular
Aurora
Aurora
Auto
Auto
Autoclave
Autoclave
Automobile
Automvil
Axis
Axis
Bacteria
Bacteria
Badminton
Badminton
Baffle
Baffle
Baklava
Baklava
Balance
Balance
also Eje
noun
Balance
Balancear
Ballad
Balada
Ballast
Balasta
Ballet
Ballet
Balsam
Blsamo
Balsa
Balsa
Bambino
Bambino
Bamboo
Bamb
Banana
Banano
Bank
Banco
Barracuda
Barracuda
Barrel
Barril
Barricade
Barricada
Baritone
Bartono
Baron
Barn
Basal
Basal
Base
Base
Basilica
Baslica
Bastion
Bastin
Baton
Batn
Battery
Batera
verb
Begonia
Begonia
Benefit
Beta
Beneficio
Beta
Bible
Bidet
Biblia
Bidet
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonato
Bigamy
Bigamia
Bikini
Bikini
Biography
Boa
Biografa
Boa
Bomb
Bomba
Bonanza
Bonanza
Bongo
Bongo
Bordello
Bordelo
Brandy
Brandy
Brassiere
Brassiere
also Brasier
Broccoli
Brcoli
Brute
Bruto
Buffet
Bufete
Bulb
Bulbo
flower
Bulb
Bulbo
electronic
Cabaret
Cabaret
Cabin
Cabina
Cabriolet
Cabriolet
Cacao
Cacao
Cactus
Cactus
Cadaver
Cadver
Cadet
Cadete
Cafe
Caf
Calendar
Calendario
Caliber
Calibre
Calico
Clico
Calm
Calma
noun
Calm
Calmar
verb
Calorie
Calora
Camera
Cmara
Camphor
Canfor
Canal
Canal
Canape
Canap
Cancel
Cancer
Cancelar
Cncer
Candid
Cndido
Candidate
Candidato
Cannibal
Canibal
Cannula
Cnula
Capon
Capn
Capsule
Cpsula
Car
Carro
Caravan
Caravana
Carbon
Carbn
Caricature
Caricatura
Carnival
Carnaval
Casino
Casino
Caste
Casta
Catalog
Catlogo
Catamaran
Catamarn
also Alcanfor
Catastrophe
Catstrofe
Category
Categora
Cellulose
Celulosa
Cement
Cemento
Center
Centro
noun
Center
Centrar
verb
Centrifuge
Centrfugo
noun
Centrifuge
Centrifugar
Chalet
Chalet
Charlatan
Charlatn
Character
Carcter
Charisma
Carisma
Chassis
Chasis
Chef
Chef
Chile
Chile
Chili
Chile
Chinchilla
Chinchilla
Chocolate
Chocolate
Cholesterol
Colesterol
Chromosome
Cromosoma
Cinema
Cinema
Circuit
Circuito
Cistern
Cisterna
Civil
Civil
Clarinet
Clarinete
Climate
Clima
Climax
Clinic
Clmax
Clnica
Clitoris
Cltoris
Closet
Closet
Club
Club
Cobalt
Cobra
Cobalto
Cobra
Cocaine
Cocana
Cocoa
Cocoa
Colibri
Colibr
Colon
Colon
Colorado
Colorado
Column
Coma
Columna
Coma
Combat
Combate
noun
Combat
Combatir
verb
Combustion
Combustin
Comedy
Comedia
Comfort
Confort
Compassion
Compasin
Compact
Compacto
Compass
Comps
Concave
Cncavo
Condom
Condn
Cone
Cono
Confess
Confesar
Confessor
Confesor
Confetti
Confeti
Conflict
Conflicto
Congestion
Congestin
verb
Congress
Congreso
Conservatory
Conservatorio
Console
Consola
Consonant
Consonante
Conspire
Conspirar
verb
Consult
Consultar
verb
Consume
Consumir
verb
Contact
Contacto
noun
Contact
Contactar
verb
Content
Contento
Contraband
Contrabando
Contrast
Contraste
noun
Contrast
Contrastar
verb
Consul
Control
Cnsul
Control
noun
Control
Controlar
Convent
Convento
Cordon
verb
Cordn
Correct
Correcto
adjective
Correct
Corregir
verb
Correspond
Corresponder
Corridor
Corredor
Corrupt
Corrupto
Cosmos
Cosmos
Coyote
Coyote
Crater
Crter
Credit
Crdito
noun
Credit
Acreditar
verb
Crepe
Crep
paper
Crepe
Crepa
Crest
Cresta
Crisis
Crisis
Crude
Crudo
Crusade
Cruzada
Cube
Cubo
Cuadruple
Cudruple
Cupula
Cpula
Cursor
Cursor
Curve
Curva
Dahlia
Dahlia
Daiquiri
Daiquir
Dame
Dama
Dance
Danza
Data
Datos
Debacle
Debacle
Debate
Debate
noun
Debate
Debatir
Debit
Dbito
Debut
Debut
Debutante
Debutante
Decade
Dcada
Decalcomonia
Calcomana
Decathlon
Decatln
Decorum
Decoro
Decibel
Decide
food
verb
Decibel
Decidir
verb
Decline
Declinar
verb
Deduce
Deducir
verb
Defame
Difamar
Deficit
Dficit
Define
Definir
verb
Degrade
Degradar
verb
Delincuency
Delincuencia
Delinquent
Delincuente
Delirium
Delirio
Delta
Delta
Demand
Demandar
Demerit
Demrito
Democrat
Demcrata
Demon
Demonio
Denier
verb
Denier
Dense
Denso
Dentist
Dentista
Depend
Depender
Dependency
Dependencia
Deport
Deportar
Deposit
Depsito
noun
Deposit
Depositar
verb
Derelict
Derrelicto
Dermatome
Dermatoma
Describe
Describir
Despot
Dspota
Detective
Determine
verb
verb
Detective
Determinar
verb
Detest
Detestar
Detonator
Detonador
Diabetes
Diabetes
Diagram
Diagrama
Dialect
Dialecto
Dialogue
Dilogo
Dialysis
Dilisis
Diapason
Diapasn
Diaphragm
Diafragma
Diarrhea
Diarrea
Diathermy
Diatermia
Dictator
Dictador
Dielectric
Dielctrico
Diesel
Diesel
Diet
Dieta
Digit
Dgito
Digitalis
Digitalis
Dilemma
Dilema
Dilute
Diludo
adjective
Dilute
Diluir
verb
Dinosaur
Dinosaurio
Diode
Diodo
Dioxide
Dixido
Diploma
Diploma
Diplomat
Diplomtico
Direct
Directo
adjective
Direct
Dirigir
verb
Disc, Disk
Disco
Discontinue
Discontinuar
verb
Disgrace
Desgracia
noun
Disgrace
Desgraciar
verb
Disorient
Desorientar
verb
Disperse
Dispersar
Distance
Distanciar
verb
Distil
Destilar
verb
Distinct
Distinto
District
Distrito
Divan
Divn
Divide
Dividir
Docile
Dcil
Doctrine
Doctrina
Document
Documento
noun
Document
Documentar
verb
Dogma
Dogma
Dollar
Dlar
Dome
Domo
Domicile
Domicilio
Domino
Domin
Dominion
Dominio
Dose
Dosis
Dosis
Dosis
Double
Doble
Dragon
Dragn
Drama
Drama
Dual
Dual
Ductile
Dctil
verb
Duet
Dueto
Duo
Do
Duplex
Duplex
Echo
Eclipse
Eco
Eclipse
Ecstasy
xtasis
Ecuator
Ecuador
Eczema
Eczema
Edema
Edema
Eccema
Edit
Editar
Effect
Efecto
Ego
Ego
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiograma
Electrode
Electrodo
Electron
Electrn
Elegant
Elegante
Elephant
Elefante
Elevator
Elevador
Elixir
Elixir
Ellipse
Embargo
Elipse
Embargo
noun
Embargo
Embargar
Emblem
Emblema
Embryo
Embrio
Emergency
Emergencia
Emerald
Esmeralda
Emir
Emit
verb
verb
Emir
Emitir
verb
Emphasis
nfasis
Encyclopedia
Enciclopedia
Endocarditis
Endocarditis
Endogen
Endgeno
Energy
Energa
Enigma
Enigma
Enlace
Enlace
Enthusiasm
Entusiasmo
Enzyme
Enzima
Epiglottis
Epiglotis
Epilepsy
Epilepsia
Episode
Episodio
Epoch
poca
Epoxy
Epxido
Equator
Ecuador
Equestrian
Ecuestre
Equilibrium
Equilibrio
Equip
Equipar
verb
Errar
verb
Escape
Escapar
verb
Espresso
Expreso
Essence
Esencia
Era
Era
Err
Errata
Errata
Erotica
Ertica
Escape
Escape
Estrus
Etcetera
Estro
Etctera
Ether
ter
Eucaliptus
Eucalipto
Eureka
Eureka
Europe
Europa
Evade
Evadir
Event
Evento
Exact
Exacto
Examen
verb
Examen
Examine
Examinar
Except
Excepto
Excess
Exceso
Excuse
Excusa
noun
Excuse
Excusar
verb
Expand
Expandir
verb
Export
Exportar
Expose
Exponer
Expositor
verb
Expositor
Exist
Existir
Existent
Existente
Experiment
Experimento
noun
Experiment
Experimentar
verb
External
Externo
Extinct
Extinto
Extra
Extra
Extravaganza
Extravaganza
Extreme
Extremo
Exuberant
Exuberante
Facet
Faceta
verb
Falcon
Falcn
False
Falso
Family
Familia
Fantasm
Fantasma
Fatigue
Fatiga
noun
Fatigue
Fatigar
verb
Fauna
Fauna
Feminine
Femur
Femenino
Fmur
Ferment
Fermentar
Fertile
Frtil
Fetus
Feto
Fiebre
Fibula
verb
Fbula
Figure
Figura
noun
Figure
Figurar
verb
Fillet
Filete
noun
Fillet
Filetear
verb
Filter
Filtro
noun
Filter
Filtrar
verb
Fin (end)
Fin
Finance
Finanza
Fine
Fino
Flamenco
Flamenco
Flamingo
Flamingo
Flora
Flora
Florid
Flotilla
Florido
Flotilla
Fluid
Fludo
Fluorescence
Fluorescencia
Fluothane
Fluotano
Foliage
Follaje
Folio
Folio
Forage
Forceps
Forraje
Forceps
Form
Forma
Format
Formato
noun
Format
Formateat
verb
Formula
Frmula
Fortune
Fortuna
Fossil
Fsil
Fracture
Fractura
noun
Fracture
Fracturar
verb
Fragile
Frgil
Fragment
Fragmento
Fragrance
Fragancia
Freon
Fren
Frequency
Frecuencia
Frijol
Frijol
Fronton
Frontn
Fumarole
Fumarola
Future
Futuro
Gabardine
Gabardina
Gala
Gala
Galaxy
Galaxia
Galleon
Galen
Gallon
Galn
Gallery
Galera
Gamma
Gama
Gangrene
Gangrena
Garage
Garage
Garrote
Garrote
Gas
Gas
Gendarme
Gendarme
Genesis
Gnesis
Genitalia
Genitalia
Genius
Genio
Genuine
Genuino
Germicide
Germicida
Gigolo
Ggolo
Globule
Glbulo
Glory
Gloria
Glutton
Glotn
Glycerine
Glicerina
Golf
Golf
Gondola
Gndola
Gorila
Gorila
Gram
Gramo
Grand
Grande
Gratis
Gratis
Grave
Grave
adjective
Guard
Guardia
noun
Guard
Guardar
verb
Guardian
Guardin
Guru
Gur
Gymnast
Habeas corpus
Gimnasta
Hbeas corpus
Habitant
Habitante
Harmony
Armona
Harpoon
Arpn
Hectare
Hectrea
Helicoid
Helicoidal
Helicopter
Helicptero
Helix
Hlix
Hematocrit
Hematocrito
Hemorhage
Hemorragia
Hemorhoid
Hemorroide
Heparin
Heparina
Herald
Heraldo
Herb
Hierba
Herbal
Hierbal
Hero
Hroe
Hexagon
Hexgono
Hippopotamus
Hipoptamo
History
Historia
Homeopath
Homepata
Homicide
Homicido
Horizon
Horizonte
Hostile
Hostil
Human
Humano
Hybrid
Hbrido
Hydrocortisone
Hidrocortisona
also Homicidio
Hydrogen
Hidrgeno
Hypnosis
Hipnosis
Hypocrite
Hipcrita
Idiom
Idioma
Idiot
Idiota
Idol
dolo
Ignorance
Ignorancia
Iguana
Iguana
Illicit
Ilcito
Image
Imagen
Imobile
Inmvil
Impact
Impacto
noun
Impact
Impactar
verb
Impediment
Impedimento
Impetigo
Imptigo
Implant
Implante
noun
Implant
Implantar
verb
Implement
Implementar
verb
Importance
Importancia
Impulse
Impulso
Incision
Incisin
Incisor
Incisor
Incognito
Incgnito
Indecorum
Indigo
Indecoro
ndigo
Inert
Inerte
Inertia
Inercia
Infantile
infantil
Infect
Infectar
Infidel
Infiel
Influence
Influencia
Influenza
Influenza
Inform
Informar
Infromant
Informante
Insomnia
Instante
Insulin
Insulina
Intellect
Intelecto
Intense
Intenso
Interest
Inters
Intercept
Interceptar
verb
Interfern
Intermediary
Intermezzo
verb
Insomnia
Instant
Interferon
verb
Intermediario
Intermezzo
Intern
Interno
noun
Intern
Internar
verb
Internal
Interno
adjective
Interpol
Interpol
Interval
Intervalo
Intestine
Intestino
Intrauterine
Intrauterino
Introduce
Introducir
Invalid
Invlido
Invent
Inventar
Ion
In
Iris
Iris
verb
verb
Isle
Isla
Israel
Israel
Israeli
Israel
Italian
Italiano
Italix
Italix
Jacaranda
Jacaranda
Jaguar
Jaguar
Jai-alai
Jai-alai
Jalisco
Jalisco
Jamaica
Jamaica
Jesus
Jess
Jubilant
Judas
Jubilante
Judas
Jugular
Yugular
July
Julio
June
Junio
Jupiter
Jpiter
Just
Justo
Kangaroo
Kanguro
Karate
Karate
Karma
Karma
Keratosis
Keratosis
Kerosene
Queroseno
Kibbutz
Kibutz
Kilo
Kilo
Kilogram
Kiwi
Kleptomania
Kilogramo
Kiwi
Cleptomana
also Canguro
Korea
Korea
Kosher
Kosher
Kudu
Kud
Corea
Lactase
Lactasa
Lactobacillus
Lactobacilo
Lactose
Lactosa
Lagoon
Laguna
Lament
Lamento
noun
Lament
Lamentar
verb
Language
Lenguaje
also idioma
Lapse
Lapso
Lamina
Lmina
Larva
Larva
Lasagna
Lasagna
Laser
Lser
Latex
Ltex
Laurel
Laurel
Lava
Lava
Lasaa
Lecture
Lectura
Leguslature
Legislatura
Lemon
Limn
Leukemia
Leucemia
Liberty
Libertad
Libra
Libra
License
Limbo
Licencia
Limbo
Lime
Limousine
Lima
Limousine
noun
Linguist
Lingista
Lipid
Lpido
Liquid
Lquido
Lira
Lira
Llama
Llama
Loran
Lorn
Lottery
Lotus
Lotera
Lotus
Lubricator
Lubricador
Lumbar
Lumbar
Lumen
Lumen
Lunar
Lunar
Lupus
Lupo
Lustre
Lustro
Luxurious
Lujoso
Macabre
Macabro
Macaroon
Macarrn
Machete
Machete
Macro
Macro
Maestro
Maestro
Magma
Magma
Magneto
Magneto
Magnetron
Magnetrn
Magnificent
Magnfico
Magnolia
Magnolia
Maguey
Maguey
Maharajah
Majaraj
Maharani
Majarani
Maize
Maz
Major
Mayor
Major [rank]
Mayor
Malaria
Malaria
Malta
Malta
Mamba
Mamba
Mambo
Mambo
Mamma
Mana
Mam
Man
Manatee
Manat
Mandrill
Madnril
Mango
Mango
Mania
Mana
Manicure
Manicure
Manifest
Manifiesto
noun
Manifest
Manifestar
verb
Manila
Manila
Manipulate
Mantilla
Manipular
Mantilla
Map
Mapa
Maple
Maple
Maraca
Maraca
Marathon
Margarita
Maratn
Margarita
Margin
Margen
Marimba
Marimba
Marina
Marina
Marinero
Marlin
Marln
Marmalade
Mermelada
Maroon
Marrn
Martini
Martini
Martyr
Mrtir
Mascot
Mascota
Mason
Masn
Mass
Masa
physical
Mass
Misa
religious ceremony
Massacre
Masacre
Massage
Masaje
Mastic
Mastique
Mastodon
Mastodonte
Mastoid
Mastoide
Mate
Mate
as in chess
Matrix
Matriz
Matte
Mate
Matter
Materia
Mausoleum
Mausoleo
Maxilla
Maxila
Maximum
Mximo
Mayonaise
Mayonesa
Medalist
Medallista
Media
Medio
Medicine
Medicina
Megalopolis
Megalpolis
Melancholia
Melancola
Melodic
Meldico
noun
Melody
Melon
Meloda
Meln
Membrane
Membrana
Memory
Memoria
Menace
Amenaza
Meniscus
Menisco
Menthol
Mentol
Menu
Men
Mercury
Mercurio
Meridian
Meridiano
Merino
Merino
Mesa
Meseta
Mescaline
Mescalina
Mesquite
Mezquite
Messiah
Mesas
Metamorphosis
Metamorfosis
Metastasis
Metstasis
Meteor
Meteoro
Meter
Metro
Methane
Metano
Methanol
Metanol
Method
Mtodo
Methodist
Metodista
Methyl
Metil
Metro
Metro
Metronome
Metropolis
Metropolitan
Metrnomo
Metrpolis
Metropolitano
geology
Mezzanine
Mezanine
Mica
Mica
Micro
Micro
Microbe
Microbio
Microparasite
Microparsito
Microprocessor
Microprocesador
Midi
Midi
prefix
Militia
Milicia
Million
Milln
Mimosa
Mimosa
Mini
Mini
prefix
Miniature
Miniatura
Minimum
Mnimo
Minister
Ministro
Minor
Menor
Minuet
Minueto
Miscelanea
Miscelnea
Misery
Miseria
Missile
Misil
Mission
Misin
Mobile
Mvil
Mode
Modo
Model
Modelo
Modem
Mdem
Modern
Moderno
Modest
Modesto
Modesty
Modestia
Mollecule
Molcula
noun
Molest
Molestar
Monarch
Monarca
Mongol
Mongol
Mongolia
Mongolia
Monochrome
Monomania
Moncromo
Monomana
Monopoly
Monterrey
Monopolio
Monterrey
Morbid
Morgue
Mrbido
Morgue
Mortar
Mosquito
verb
Mortero
Mosquito
Much
Mucho
Mucus
Mucosa
Mule
Mula
Multi
Multi
Multiple
Mltiple
prefix
Multitude
Multitud
Mundane
Mundano
Murmur
Murmullo
noun
Murmur
murmurar
verb
Mutant
Mutante
Mutual
Mutuo
Mistery
Misterio
Naphta
Nafta
Narrator
Narrador
Nausea
Nautical
Nsuea
Nutico
Nebula
Nebulosa
Necessary
Necesario
Nectar
Nctar
Negro
Negro
Negroid
Negroide
Nemesis
Nmesis
Neocortex
Neocortex
Neon
Nen
Neoprene
Neopreno
Neptune
Neptuno
Nerve
Nervio
Net
Neto
Neuroma
Neuroma
Neutron
Neutrn
Nevada
Nevada
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nickel
Niquel
adjective
Nicotine
Nicotina
Nitrogen
Nitrgeno
Nodule
Ndulo
Note
Nota
noun
Note
Anotar
verb
Notice
Noticia
Nova
Nova
Novel
Novela
Nucleus
Ncleo
Nylon
Nymph
Nylon
Ninfa
Oasis
Oasis
Obedience
Obediencia
Object
Objeto
Obscene
Obsceno
Observe
Observar
Observatory
Observatorio
Obsolete
Obsoleto
Obstacle
Obstculo
Obtuse
Obtuso
Occult
Oculto
Occupant
Ocupante
Occurence
Ocurrencia
Ocean
Oceano
Ochre
Ocre
Octagon
Octgono
Octane
Octano
Octanol
Octanol
Offence / Offense
Ofensa
Offend
Ofender
Office
Oficina
Ogre
Ogro
Ohm
Ohmio
Oleander
Oleandro
Olecranon
Olecrann
Oleo
leo
Oligarchy
Omega
Omit
verb
verb
Oligarqua
Omega
Omitir
verb
Omnibus
Omnibus
Onyx
Onix
Opal
palo
Opaque
Opaco
Opera
pera
Opium
Opio
Opportune
Oportuno
Oratory
Oratorio
Orbit
rbita
Orchestra
Orquesta
Orchid
Orquidia
Order
Orden
noun
Order
Ordenar
verb
Ordinary
Ordinario
Organ
rgano
Orgy
Orga
Orient
Orientar
Origin
Origen
Oriole
Oriol
Ornate
Ornato
Orthodox
Ortodoxo
Osmium
Osmio
Overture
Obertura
Ovule
vulo
Oxygen
Oxgeno
Ozone
Ozono
Pachiderm
Paquidermo
Pagan
Pagano
verb
Pagoda
Pagoda
Pajamas
Pijamas
Pakistan
Pakistn
Pakistani
Pakistan
Palace
Palacio
Palladium
Paladio
Palm
Palma
Panacea
Panacea
Panache
Panache
Panama
Panam
Pancreas
Pancreas
Panda
Panda
Pandemonium
Pandemonio
Panel
Panel [group]
Panorama
Panorama
Pantaloon [trousers]
Pantaln
Pantheon
Panten
Panther
Pantera
Pantomime
Pantomima
Papaya
Papaya
Papyrus
Papiro
Paraffin
Parafina
Paragon
Paragn
Paraguay
Paraguay
Parallel
Paralelo
Paralysis
Parlisis
Paramo
Pramo
Paranoia
Paranoia
Parasite
Parasol
Parsito
Parasol
Pardon
Perdn
Pardon
Perdonar
Parenthesis
Parntesis
Paris
Pars
Park
Parque
Part
Parte
Particle
Partcula
Parquet
Parquet
Pass
Pase
Passage
Pasaje
Passion
Pasin
Passport
Pasaporte
Pasta
verb [forgive]
Pasta
food
Paste
Pasta
noun
Paste
Empastar
verb
Pastel [color]
Pastel
Pasture
Pastura
Patience
Paciencia
Patient
Paciente
Patio
Patio
Patriarch
Patriarca
Patrimony
Patrimonio
Patriot
Patriota
Patron
Patrn
Pavillion
Pabelln
Pelican
Pelcano
Pellagra
Pelvis
Pelagra
Pelvis
Penicillin
Penicilina
Penitenciary
Penitenciara
Pentagon
Pentgono
Penumbra
Penumbra
Peon
Pen
Per capita
Per cpita
Percolator
Percolador
Peregrine
Peregrino
Perfect
Perfecto
Perfume
Perfume
Pergola
Prgola
Period
Periodo
Peroxide
Perxido
Perpetual
Perpetuo
Person
Persona
Personal
Personal
Perverse
Perverso
Pervert
Pervertido
Peso
Peso
Pesticide
Pesticida
Pestilence
Pestilencia
Petal
Ptalo
Petroleum
Petrleo
Phallus
Falo
Phantasm
Fantasma
Pharmacy
Farmacia
Phase
Fase
Phenol
Fenol
Philosophy
Filosofa
Phoenix
Fnix
Photo
Foto
Photodetector
Fotodetector
Photographer
Fotgrafo
Photon
Fotn
Phrase
Frase
Physics
Fsica
Piano
Piano
Pica
Pica
Picaro
Pcaro
Piezo
Piezo
Pilot
Piloto
noun
Pilot
Pilotear
verb
Pimento
Pimiento
Pia colada
Pia colada
Piata
Piata
Pine
Pino
tree
Pinion
Pi
nut
Pint
Pinta
Pioneer
Pionero
Pipe
Pipa
Pirate
Pirata
Piranha
Piraa
Pistachio
Pistacho
Pistol
Pistola
Piston
Pistn
Piton
Pitn
Pivot
Pivote
noun
Pivot
Pivotear
verb
Placebo
Placebo
Placenta
Placenta
Placid
Plan
Plcido
Plan
noun
Plan
Planear
verb
Plane
Plano
flat
Plane
Planear
to glide
Planet
Planeta
Planetoid
Planetoide
Plant
Planta
Plaque
Placa
Plasma
Plasma
Platelet
Plateleta
Platinum
Platino
Plumage
Plumaje
Pneumonia
Neumona
Podium
Podio
Poem
Poema
Poet
Poeta
Polar
Polar
Pole [north]
Polo
Police
Polica
Politics
Poltica
Politico
Poltico
factory or flora
Polka
Polka
Pollen
Polo
Polen
Polo
Polyp
Plipo
Pomade
Pomada
Pontoon
Pontn
Portfolio
Portafolio
Potassium
Potasio
Potent
Potente
Practice
Prctica
Precede
Preceder
Precedence
Precedencia
Precious
Precioso
Precise
Preciso
Premier
verb
Premier
Prepare
Preparar
Present
Presente
Preserve
Preserva
noun
Preserv
Preservar
verb
Presidium
Presidio
Presto
Presto
Pretext
Pretexto
Previous
Previo
Primary
Primario
Princess
Princesa
Prism
Prisma
Prison
Prisin
Prisoner
Prisionero
Privacy
Privaca
Privilege
Privilegio
Problem
Problema
Process
Proceso
noun
Process
Procesar
verb
Procurator
Procurador
Profane
Profano
Professor
Profesor
Progress
Progreso
noun
Progress
Progresar
verb
Prohibit
Prohibir
verb
Project
Proyecto
noun
Project
Proyectar
verb
Prolapse
Prolapso
Prologue
Prlogo
Promise
Promesa
noun
Promised
Prometer
verb
Propaganda
Propaganda
Propane
Propano
Propellor
Propela
Prophet
Profeta
Prosaic
Prosaico
Prose
Prosa
Prospect
Prospecto
Prostate
Prstata
Prostitute
Prostituta
Protagonist
Protagonista
Proton
Protn
Psychosis
Psicosis
Pulse
Pulso
Pupil (eye)
Pupila
Pure (100%)
Puro
Pur
Pur
made pasta
Purge
Purga
noun
Purge
Purgar
verb
Purulent
Purulent
Pus
Ps
Putrid
Ptrido
Pyramid
Pirmide
Python
Pitn
Quarantine
Cuarentena
Quark
Qark
Quart
Cuarto
Quartet
Cuarteto
Quartz
Cuarzo
Quaternario
Cuaternario
Quasi
Quasi
Quebec
Qubec
Quest
Cuesta
Question
Cuestin
Quinella
Quiniela
Quinine
Quinina
Quintet
Quinteto
Quintuple
Quintuple
Quito
Quito
Quota
Cuota
Rabbi
Rabino
Rabies
Rabia
Radiant
Radiante
Radiator
Radiador
Radio
Radio
Radioisotope
Radioistopo
Radium
Radio
Radius
Radio
Radon
Radn
Rally
Rally
Ranch
Rancho
Rancid
Rncido
Range
Rango
Rapid
Rpido
Rapt
Rapto
Rare
Raro
Rasp
Raspa
Rat
Rata
Rayon
Rayn
Reason
Razn
noun
Reason
Razonar
verb
Rebel
Rebelde
noun
Rebel
Rebelarse
verb
Rebellion
Rebelin
Rebozo
Rebozo
Recalcitrant
Recalcitrante
Recess
Receso
Reciprocal
Recproco
Recite
Recitar
Recluse
Recluso
Rectitude
Rectitud
Rectum
Recto
Reduce
Reducir
Redundant
Redundant
Reference
Referencia
Reflex
Reflejo
Reform
Reforma
Refrigerator
Refrigerador
Regal
Real
Regalia
Regente
Rgimen
Regiment
Region
Regimiento
Regin
Register
Regular
Registro
Regular
Regulator
Regulador
Relapse
Relapso
Religion
verb
Regalia
Regent
Regimen
verb
Religin
Remedy
Remedio
noun
Remedy
Remediar
verb
Remit
Remitir
verb
Remote
Remoto
Rent
Renta
Repertoire
Repertorio
Replete
Repleto
Replica
Rplica
Report
Reporte
noun, document
Report
Reportar
verb, notify
Represent
Representar
verb
Repressor
Represor
Reproduce
Reproducir
Reptile
Reptil
Repugnance
Repugnancia
Reserve
Reserva
noun, spare
Reserve
Reservar
Reside
Residir
verb
Residence
Residencia
Residue
Residuo
Resilience
Resilencia
Resilient
Resilente
Resin
Resina
Resist
Resistir
Resolute
Resoluto
Respect
Respecto
reference to
Respect
Respetar
verb
Respirator
Respirador
Rest
Resto
Restaurant
verb
what's left
Restaurant
Resume
Resumen
Retard
Retardar
Retort
Retorta
Retrocede
Retroceder
Retrovirus
verb
Retrovirus
verb
verb, to withdraw
Reunion
Reunin
Reverend
Reverend
Reverse
Reversa
Revolver
Revlver
Rhapsody
Rapsodia
Rhyme
Rima
Ridicule
Ridiculizar
Rifle
Rifle
Rime
Rima
Rite
Rito
Rob
Robar
Robot
Robusto
Romance
Rose
Rosa
Rosette
Roseta
Roster
verb
Robot
Robust
Romance
verb
Rster
Roulette
Ruleta
Routine
Rutina
Rubidium
Rubidio
Rude
Rudo
Ruin
Ruina
noun
Ruin
Arruinar
verb
Rumba
Rumba
Saccharine
Sacarina
Salamander
Salamandra
Salami
Salami
Salary
Salario
Salmon
Salmn
Salmonella
Salmonela
Salon
Saln
Samba
Samba
Sandal
Sandalia
Sane
Sano
Sanguinary
Sanguinario
Sanguine
Sanguineo
Sarcasm
Sarcasmo
Satelite
Satlite
Satire
Stiro
Sauna
Sauna
Saut
Saut
Savor
Sabor
flavor
Savor
Saborear
verb
Saxon
Sajn
Saxophone
Saxofn
Scale
Escala
Scallop
Escalopa
Scandal
Escndalo
Scapular
Escapular
Scene
Escena
Scholar
Escolar
Sclerosis
Esclerosis
Scorpin
Escorpin
Sculptor
Escultor
Secret
Secreto
Sedan
Sedn
also Alacrn
Seduce
Seducir
Selenium
Selenio
Semen
Semen
Semester
Semi
Semestre
Semi
prefix
Semifluid
Semifluido
Seminar
Seminario
Semolina
verb
Semolina
Senator
Senador
Sentence
Sentencia
noun, prison
Sentence
Sentenciar
verb, to pronounce
Sentiment
Sentimiento
Separator
Separador
Septum
Septum
Sepulchre
Sepulcro
Serape
Sarape
Serenade
Serenata
noun
Serenade
Serenar
verb
Serene
Sereno
Series
Serie
Sermon
Sermn
Serpentine
Serpentina
Service
Servicio
Servile
Servil
Severe
Severo
Sex
Sexo
Sextet
Sexteto
Sextuple
Sxtuple
Sierra
Sierra
Siesta
Siesta
Sign
Sign
Signal
Seal
Silence
Silencio
noun
Silence
Silenciar
verb
Silica
Slica
Silicon
Silicn
Silo
Silo
Simple
Simple
Sinusitis
Sinusitis
Siphon
Sifn
Siren
Sirena
Site
Sitio
Skeleton
Esqueleto
Ski
Ski
Esqu
Socialist
Socialista
Society
Sociedad
Soda
Soda
Sodomy
Solemn
Sodoma
Solemne
Solenoid
Solenoide
Solid
Slido
Solitaire
Solitario
Solo
Solo
Sonata
Sonata
Sonde
Soprano
Sonda
Soprano
as in Zodiaco
Sorbent
Sorgo
Sorbente
Sorgo
Soy
Soya
Space
Espacio
Spaghetti
Espagueti
Spatula
Esptula
Species
Especies
Specimen
Espcimen
Spectrum
Espectro
Speculum
Espculo
Sperm
Esperma
Spermicide
Espermicide
Sphere
Esfera
Spirit
Espritu
Sponge
Esponja
Spore
Espora
Stalactite
Estalactite
Stalagmite
Estalagmita
Stamp
Estampa
noun
Stamp
Estampar
verb
Standar
Estndar
Stanza
Estancia
Statue
Estatua
Stature
Estatura
Stellar
Estelar
Stencil
Estncil
Stereo
Estreo
Sterile
Estril
Stigma
Estigma
Stress
Estrs
Stupid
Estpido
Style
Estilo
Subaltern
Subalterno
Sublime
Sublime
Sumarine
Submarino
Subsist
Subsistir
verb
Support
Soporte
noun
Support
Soportar
verb
Syllabe
Slaba
Symbol
Smbolo
Synagogue
Sinagoga
Syndicate
Sindicato
Syndrome
Sndrome
Synonym
Sinnimo
Synopsis
Sinopsis
Synthesis
Sntesis
System
Sistema
Suite
Suite
Supernova
Supernova
Swastika
Swstika
Tablet
Tableta
Taboo
Tab
Taco
Taco
Taffeta
Talon
Tamarind
Tafeta
Taln
Tamarindo
Tambour
Tambor
Tambourine
Tamborn
Tampa
Tampa
Tampon
Tampn
Tanin
Tanina
Tapioca
Tapioca
Tarantula
Tarntula
Tarot
Tarot
Tarpon
Tarpn
Tartar
Trtaro
Taurine
Taurino
Tavern
Taverna
Taxi
Taxi
Tea
Technic
Tcnica
Teflon
Tefln
Telekinesis
Telekinesis
Telephone
Telex
Telfono
Telex
Tellurium
Telurio
Temperature
Temperatura
Temple
Templo
Tempo
Tempo
Tempura
Tempura
Tendon
Tendn
Tendril
Tendril
Tennis
Tenis
Tense
Tenso
also Sarro
Tensile
Tequila
Tensil
Tequila
Termite
Termita
Terrace
Terraza
Terrapin
Terrapn
Terrific
Terrfico
Testimony
Testimonio
Tetanus
Ttano
Tetra
Tetra
Tetracycline
Texas
prefix
Tetraciclina
Texas
Tejas
Texture
Textura
Theory
Teora
Therapy
Terapia
Thermonuclear
Termonuclear
Thermos
Termo
Thermostat
Termostato
Thesaurus
Tesauro
Thesis
Tesis
Tiger
Tigre
Tint
Tinte
Titan
Titn
TNT
TNT
Tobacco
Tabaco
Toboggan
Tobogn
Tomb
Tumba
Toga
Toga
Tombola
Tmbola
Tone
Tono
Torment
Tormenta
noun
Torment
Atormentar
verb
Torrid
Trrido
Torture
Tortura
noun
Torture
Torturar
verb
Topaz
Topacio
Tornado
Tornado
Torpedo
Torpedo
Tostada
Tostada
Tourist
Turista
Toxin
Toxina
Trachea
Traquea
Trailer
Trailer
Traitor
Traidor
Trajectory
Trayectoria
Tranquil
Tranquilo
Transducer
Transductor
Transform
Transformar
Transformer
Transformador
Transit
Trnsito
Transitar
Translucent
Translcido
Transmit
Transmitir
verb
Transport
Transport
noun
Transport
Transportar
verb
Trapezoid
Trapezoide
Trauma
Trauma
verb
verb
Triangle
Tringulo
Tribe
Tribu
Tribute
Tributo
Triceps
Triceps
Trichina
Triquina
Trichinosis
Triquinosis
Tricot
Tricot
Tricycle
Triciclo
Trinity
Trinidad
Triple
Triple
Triumph
Triunfo
Triumphal
Triunfal
Triumphant
Triunfante
Trombone
Trombn
Trocar
Trocar
Troop
Tropa
Troy
Troya
Tuba
Tuba
Tube
Tubo
Tulip
Tulipn
Tumult
Tumulto
Tuna
Tuna
Tungsten
Tunica
also Atn
Tunsgsteno
Tnica
Tunnel
Tunel
Turban
Turbante
Turbid
Trbido
Turbo
Turbo
Type
Tipo
Tyranny
Tirana
Tyrant
Tirano
Ulcer
lcera
Ulna
Ulna
Ultimatum
Ultimtum
Ultra
Ultra
prefix
Unguent
Ungento
Unicycle
Uniciclo
Uniform
Uniforme
Union
Unin
Universe
Universe
Uranium
Uranio
Urban
Urbano
Urea
Urea
Urethra
Uretra
Urine
Orina
Urticaria
Urticaria
Uruguay
Uruguay
Use
Usar
Utensil
Utensilio
Vacant
Vacante
Vagabond
Vagabundo
Vagina
Vagina
Valid
Vlido
Valley
Valle
Vampire
Vampiro
Vanilla
Vainilla
verb
Varnish
Barniz
Vary
Variar
Vast
Vasto
Vehicle
Vehculo
Velcro
Velcro
Venezuela
Venezuela
Vent
Ventila
Venture
Aventura
Venus
Venus
Veranda
Veranda
Verb
Verbo
Veredict
Veredicto
Verify
Verificar
Vernier
Verso
Vertebra
Vrtebra
Vertigo
Vrtigo
Vestibule
Vestbulo
Veteran
Veterano
Veto
noun
Veto
Vetar, Vedar
Viaduct
Viaducto
Vibrant
Vibrante
Vibrator
Vibrador
Vicar
Vicario
Victim
Vctima
Victory
Victoria
Vicua
verb
Vernier
Verse
Veto
verb
Vicua
verb
Video
Video
Videocassette
Videocasette
Vigil
Vigilia
Vigilance
Vigilancia
Vigilant
Vigilante
Vigorous
Vigoroso
Viking
Vikingo
Villa
Villa
Villain
Villano
Vinyl
Vinilo
Violence
Violencia
Violent
Violento
Violet
Violeta
Violin
Violn
Virgin
Virgen
Virile
Viril
Virtous
Virtuoso
Virulence
Virulencia
Virus
Virus
Visa
Visa
Viscera
Vscera
Viscous
Viscoso
Visit
VIsitar
Visitant
Visitante
Vista
Vista
Vitamin
Vitamina
Vitriform
Vitriforme
Vitriol
Vitriolo
verb
Vivid
Vvido
Vocable
Vocablo
Vodka
Vodka
Vogue
Voga
Volatile
Voltil
Volcano
Volcn
Volt
Voltio
Volume
Volumen
Voluntary
Voluntario
Volunteer
Voluntario
noun
Vomit
Vmito
noun
Vomit
Vomitar
verb
Voodoo
Vud
Vortex
Vrtex
Vote
Voto
noun
Vote
Votar
verb
Wagon
Vagn
Waltz
Vals
Xenon
Xenn
Yoga
Yoga
Yoghurt
Yoghurt
Yucatan
Yucatn
Yucca
Yucca
Yuca
Zebra
Zebra
Cebra
Yogurt
Zeb
Ceb
Zero
Cero
Zinc
Zinc
Zircon
Zircn
Zodiac
Zodiaco
Zone
Zona
C o l o r s , Te x t u r e s , S h a p e s & P a r t s o f t h e b o d y
The colors
English
Spanish
blue
azul
green
verde
white
blanco
orange
anaranjado
pink
rosa
brown
caf
violet
violeta
blue-green
azul verdoso
red
rojo
yellow
amarillo
black
negro
purple
morado
gray
gris
sepia
sepia
magenta
magenta
ivory
marfil
and Shades:
English
Spanish
light
claro
dark
oscuro
pastel
pastel
deep
profundo
The Textures
for feminine-gendered nouns, the adjectives that end in "...o", will end in "...a" (see Chapter 17)
English
Spanish
smooth
liso
slippery
resbaloso
pointed
picudo
hard
duro
dry
seco
dirty
sucio
granular
granoso
hot
caliente
frozen
congelado
rough
rugoso
sharp
filoso
soft
suave
wet
mojado
clean
limpio
sticky
pegajoso
spongey
esponjoso
cold
fro
warm
tibio
itchy
rasposo
The Shapes
for feminine-gendered nouns, the adjectives that end in "...o", will end in "...a" (see Chapter 17)
English
Spanish
square
cuadrado
cube
cubo
oval
ovalado
cylindrical
cilndrico
long
largo
tall
alto
fat
gordo
skinny
flaco
largo
grande
tiny
pequesimo
round
redondo
rectangular
rectangular
plane
plano
sphere
esfera
short
corto
thin
delgado
grueso
obese
obeso
small
pequeo
enormous
enorme
English
Spanish
head
cabeza
face
cara
nose
nariz
mouth
boca
tongue
lengua
hair
cabello
chin
mentn
neck
cuello
arm
brazo
hand
mano
fingernails
uas
back
espalda
spine
espina
knee
rodilla
shin
espinilla
heel
taln
cheek
mejilla
eyes
ojos
ears
odos
teeth
dientes
forehead
frente
beard
barba
eye-lid
prpado
shoulders
hombros
wrist
mueca
fingers
dedos
stomach [area]
vientre
hips
caderas
upper leg
muslo
ankle
tobillo
foot
pie
toe
U s e f u l Ve r b s
Although we have learned many, many words in the preceding chapters, including hundreds of verbs,
there are thousands more in the Spanish language. Here are some additional Spanish verbs that have
not been covered by the rules and which you might find useful. You have already learned how to
conjugate these verbs in chapter eighteen.
Remember
that
there
are
only
three
verb
Querer
to Want
(Yo) quiero
I want
(T) quieres
You want
(Usted) quiere
You want
(l) quiere
He wants
(Ella) quiere
She wants
(Nosotros) queremos
We want
(Ustedes) quieren
You want
They want
Necesitar
to Need
(Yo) necesito
I need
(T) necesitas
You need
(Usted) necesita
You need
(l) necesita
He needs
(Ella) necesita
She needs
(Nosotros) necesitamos
We need
(Ustedes) necesitan
You need
They need
Sentir
to Feel
(Yo) siento
I feel
(T) sientes
You feel
(Usted) siente
You feel
(l) siente
He feels
endings
in
(Ella) siente
She feels
(Nosotros) sentimos
We feel
(Ustedes) sienten
You feel
They feel
Hacer
to Do or to Make
(Yo) hago
I do / make
(T) haces
You do / make
(Usted) hace
You do / make
(l) hace
He does / makes
(Ella) hace
(Nosotros) hacemos
We do / make
(Ustedes) hacen
You do / make
They do / make
Ir
to Go
(Yo) hago
I go
(T) haces
You go
(Usted) hace
You go
(l) hace
He goes
(Ella) hace
She goes
(Nosotros) hacemos
We go
(Ustedes) hacen
You go
They go
Venir
to Come
(Yo) vengo
I come
(T) vienes
You come
(Usted) viene
You come
(l) viene
He comes
(Ella) viene
She comes
(Nosotros) venimos
We come
(Ustedes) vienen
You come
They come
Ver
to See
(Yo) veo
I see
(T) ves
You see
(Usted) ve
You see
(l) ve
He see
(Ella) ve
She see
(Nosotros) vemos
We see
(Ustedes) ven
You see
They see
Comer
to Eat
(Yo) como
I eat
(T) comes
You eat
(Usted) come
You eat
(l) come
He eats
(Ella) come
She eats
(Nosotros) comemos
We eat
(Ustedes) comen
You eat
They eat
Deber
(Yo) debo
(T) debes
(Usted) debe
(l) debe
(Ella) debe
(Nosotros) debemos
(Ustedes) deben
Pagar
to Pay
(Yo) pago
I pay
(T) pagas
You pay
(Usted) paga
You pay
(l) paga
He pays
(Ella) paga
She pays
(Nosotros) pagamos
We pay
(Ustedes) pagan
You pay
They pay
Llevar
(Yo) llevo
I carry / take[away]
(T) llevas
(Usted) lleva
(l) lleva
(Ella) lleva
(Nosotros) llevamos
We carry / take[away]
(Ustedes) llevan
Traer
to Bring
(Yo) traigo
I bring
(T) traes
You bring
(Usted) trae
You bring
(l) trae
He brings
(Ella) trae
She brings
(Nosotros) traemos
We bring
(Ustedes) traen
You bring
They bring
Llamar
to Call, to Name
(Yo) llamo
I call
(T) llamas
You call
(Usted) llama
You call
(l) llama
He calls
(Ella) llama
She calls
(Nosotros) llamamos
We call
(Ustedes) llaman
You call
They call
Poder
Can (do)
(Yo) puedo
I can
(T) puedes
You can
(Usted) puede
You can
(l) puede
He can
(Ella) puede
She can
(Nosotros) podemos
We can
(Ustedes) pueden
You can
They can