from what is the spatial turn

from the spatial turn in anthropology

from the spatial turn in psychology
from the spatial turn in architecture
from the spatial turn in religion
from the spatial turn in literature
from the spatial turn in art history
from the spatial turn in sociology
from the spatial turn in history

The ancient Cries of London series was updated to a richly illustrated, reproducible, contemporary commentary William Craigs Itinerant Traders
(1804)

The Ambulator; or, A pocket companion for the tour of London and its environs, within the circuit of twenty-five miles: descriptive of the objects most
remarkable for grandeur, elegance, taste, local beauty, and antiquity, illustrated by anecdotes, historical and biographical and embellished with fourteen elegant
engravings and a correct map. London: printed for Scatcherd and Letterman [etc.], 1811

Feltham, John. The Picture of London, for 1821 : Being a correct guide to all the curiosities, amusements, exhibitions, public establishments, and
remarkable objects, in and near London. With a collection of appropriate tables, illustrated by two large maps, and embellished with one hundred and twenty views.
London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Peternoster-Row, 1821.

Morris, Thomas. London and Country Scenes, with Various Passing Events Evangelically Illustrated : Interspersed with Some Useful Remarks on the
Providence and Grace of God.London: Printed by T. Goode, 1833.

Dickens' Sketches by Boz (1836) held up a series of personal portraits of schoolmasters, beadles. Like the other books, it too was structured as a taxonomy
of the strangers one might encounter on the public street, beginning with a description of the different crowds that occupied the streets in morning and evening,
characterizing the differences between the financial district, Westminster, Seven Dials, and Monmouth Street.

James Grants Travels in Town (1839) carefully differentiated the different types of crowds, interactions, and commerce associated with arriving in
London via Mile End, Islington, the docks, and Kings Cross

From the 1840s forward, much of western Europe was engaged in a conversation about land reform that pitted the new stewards of expert-led bureaucracy
civil engineers, urban planners, and forestersagainst traditional communities and their intellectual spokespeople: Chartists Marxists, Fabians, and legal
reformers.

Finlay, George, Greece Under the Romans a Historical View of the Condition of the Greek Nation(Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and Sons, 1844)

Jules Michelet, History of France (New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1845)

Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II (Longman, Brown, Green, 1849)

Thomas Allom, The Chinese Empire, Illustrated: Being a Series of Views from Original Sketches, Displaying the Scenery, Architecture, Social Habits, &c.,
of That Ancient and Exclusive Nation (London: London Print. and Pub. Co., 1858)

Jacob Burckhardt, Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien, ein Versuch, von Jacob Burckhardt. (Basel: Schweighauser, 1860)

Henry Maine (1822-1888)

Ancient Law (1861) (most notable work)

Erwin Nasse, Agricultural Community of the Middle Ages 1872 (1871)

Rufus Anderson, A Heathen Nation Evangelized: History of the Sandwich Islands Mission (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1872)

Ella Sophia Armitage, The Childhood of the English Nation (1882, 1877)

From the 1880s forward, legal scholars, archaeologists and historians fixed on the history of the commons as a source of records about community
where records about spatial practice disclosed notions of collective ownership rarely documented in the textual tradition.

By 1882, William McKendree Bryant, influential essayist on education, could draw on romantic-period philosophers from Visscher to Emerson to argue
that landscape painting was a fulcrum of rational pedagogy, the direct manifestation of the one, absolute, divine, creative Reason.

William McKendree Bryant, Philosophy of Landscape Painting ((St. Louis, Mo): The St. Louis News Co., 1882)

Edward Henry Palmer, A History of the Jewish Nation (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1883)

William Warren, History of the Ojibway Nation (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1885)

S Vanderpoel, Cholera and Its Relations to State Medicine: With Discussion by Members of the Society, Report of Committee, and Dr. Peters' Map of the
Routes of Cholera (Albany N.Y.: The Society of Medical Jurisprudence and State Medicine, 1885)

J. Partridge, The Making of the Irish Nation: And the First-Fruits of Federation (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1886)

J. A. Wylie, History of the Scottish Nation(London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1886)

Heinrich Wlfflin, Renaissance and Baroque. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1966 [1888])

Jacques Gomboust, Le Paris Du XVIIe Siecle: Plan Monumental De La Ville De Paris: Paris, Dedie Et Presente Au Roy Louis XIV. (Paris: Georges
Chamerot, 1890)

Otto Richter, Die lteste Wohnsttte Des Rmischen Volkes (Berlin: Druck von A.W. Hayns Erben, 1891)

F. J. Egli in his Nomina Geographica (1893) demonstrated, in the words of Franz Boaz, that geographical names, being an expression of the mental
character of each people and each period, reflect their cultural life and the line of development belonging to each cultural area.

Sir Henry Maines Village Communities in the East and West (1895)

Lyman Powell, Historic Towns of the Middle States(New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1899)

Lyman Powell, Historic Towns of the Western States (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1901)

Albert Brigham, Geographic Influences in American History, (Boston: Ginn & Co., 1903)

A. G. Bradleys Highways and Byways in South Wales(1903)

Ellen Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1903)

Adolf Holm, The History of Greece from Its Commencement to the Close of the Independence of the Greek Nation (London: Macmillan and Co., 1906)

Frederick Howard, The Fifth Universal Empire: A History of the Nations Revealing the Imperial Destiny of the Anglo-Saxon People and the British Nation
(Ballarat: Baxter & Stubbs, 1906)

Edward Ellis, The Story of the Greatest Nations (New York: F.R. Niglutsch, 1906)

E. Beresford Chancellor, The History of the Squares of London, Topographical & Historical (London: K. Paul Trench Trbner & Co., 1907)

Fred Hans, The Great Sioux Nation(Chicago: M. A. Donohue and Co., 1907)

Delos Wilcox, Great Cities in America, Their Problems and Their Government (New York: Macmillan, 1910)

Mildred Cram, Old Seaport Towns of the South, (New York: Dodd Mead & Co., 1917)

Cities of the United States, India and the British Isles (Washington, D.C.: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1917)

Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945)

works circa 1920s


Syed Ali, A Short History of the Saracens Being a Concise Account of the Rise and Decline of the Saracenic Power and of the Economic, Social and
Intellectual Development of the Arab Nation(London: Macmillan, 1921)

1923, when Melanie Klein published her psychological studies of children playing in sandboxes

John Leighly, The Towns of Mlardalen in Sweden: A Study in Urban Morphology (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1928)

Elizabeth Kite, L'Enfant and Washington, 1791-1792 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1929)

Frederic Douglas, The Sioux or Dakota Nation (Denver: Denver Art Museum, 1932)

Dorothy Arms, Hill Towns and Cities of Northern Italy (New York: Macmillan Co., 1932)

Herbert Kates, Minute Glimpses of American Cities (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1933)

Franz Boas, Geographical Names of the Kwakiutl Indians (New York: Columbia University Press, 1934).

Angie Debo, The Rise and Fall of the Choctaw Republic (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1934)

Fred Kniffen, Louisiana House Types, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 26, no. 4 (December 1, 1936): 179-193

Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness the First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625-1742 (New York: Ronald Press Co., 1938)

Morris Wardell, A Political History of the Cherokee Nation, 1838-1907, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1938)

Stuart Queen, The City: A Study of Urbanism in the United States, 1st ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1939)

Ima Herron, The Small Town in American Literature (Durham N.C.: Duke University Press, 1939)

Walter Lippmann (1889 - 1974)

pulitzer prizes (1958 & 1962)

Lewis Mumford (1895-1990)

works circa 1940s

Sigfried Giedion, Space, Time and Architecture; the Growth of a New Tradition (Cambridge: The Harvard University Press, 1941)

E. Tillyard, The Elizabethan World Picture, (New York: Macmillan Co., 1944)

Otto Benesch, The Art of the Renaissance in Northern Europe: Its Relation to the Contemporary Spiritual and Intellectual Movements (Cambridge, Mass:
Harvard University Press, 1945)

Erich Auerbach, Vico and Aesthetic Historism, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 8, no. 2 (December 1949

M. L Berneri, Journey Through Utopia (Routledge & Paul, 1950)

Winnicott, D.W. Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena, in Playing and Reality (Harmondsworth: Penguin/Pelican, 1951/1971)

Mircea Eliade, writing the anthropology of religion under the influence of Jungian and Freudian psychoanalysis, used his Images and Symbols (1952) to
catalogue world forms of the axis mundi and other landscapes of the sacred.

In 1952, the British Vernacular Architecture Group was founded to moot the concerns of the methods growing body of followers.

H. Darby, On the Relations of Geography and History, Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers) (1953)

Robert Hutchins, The University of Utopia. ([Chicago]: University of Chicago Press, 1953)

Edmund Carpenter and Marshall McLuhan, The New Languages, Chicago Review 10, no. 1 (Spring 1956)

Sigfried Giedion, History and the Architect, Journal of Architectural Education (1947-1974) 12, no. 2 (Summer 1957)

Maximilien Sorre, Rencontres de la Geographie et de la Sociologie (Paris, 1957)

In The Poetics of Space (1958), French philosopher Gaston Bachelard catalogued the psychoanalytic associations that folktales and nineteenth-century
literature associated with the spaces of the house, showing how culture repeated memes associating the cellar with chthonic, ancestral forces and the attic with dreams
and the imagination.

Mircea Eliade, Sacred Places: Temple, Palace, 'Centre of the World', in Patterns in Comparative Religion (New York: Sheed & Ward, 1958)

Winnicott, D.W. "The Capacity to Be Alone", in The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment (London: Karnac Books, 1958, 1995/1990)

C. R. Carpenter, "Territoriality: A Review of Concepts and Problems," in Anne Roe and George C. Simpson, eds., Behavior and Evolution (New Haven:
Yale University Press 1958)

Cobb, Edith, The Ecology of Imagination in Childhood, Daedalus 88, no. 3 (Summer 1959): 537-548.

Paul-Henry Chombart de Lauwe et al., The Sociology of Housing: Research Methods and Future Perspectives (Rotterdam, 1959)

Mircea Eliade, Mother Earth and the Cosmic Hierogamies, in Myths, Dreams, and Mysteries: The Encounter Between Contemporary Faiths and
Archaic Realities (London: Harvill Press, 1960)

M. W Barley, The English Farmhouse and Cottage (London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1961

Developed in the 1960s by the Canada Land Inventory, GIS was adapted for use in the social scientists and humanities (1962 meeting between Roger
Tomlinson and Lee Pratt)

Edward T. Hall, "Proxemics: The Study of Man's Spatial Relations," in lago Gladston, ed., Man's Image in Medicine and Anthropology (New York:
International Universities Press, 1963)

Erving Goffman, Behavior in Public Places; Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963)

George W Dolbey, The Architectural Expression of Methodism (London: Epworth Press, 1964)

Victor Gruen, The Heart of Our Cities: The Urban Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1964)

Harry Berger, The Renaissance Imagination: Second World and Green World, (University of California Press, 1965)

Lawrence Stone, The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965

In 1965, art historian Otto Benesch defined the origins of linear perspective by describing how Altdorfer became the first to paint the "overwhelming
richness of uncouth nature," leaving an imprint on the German renaissance far more profound than that of the Italian

As Peter Collins showed in 1965, this excluded category, the vernacular, had been identified by nineteenth-century architects like A. W. Pugin and
Gilbert George Scott (the first author to use the term in this sense) reappraised the vernacular as a source of aesthetic inspiration

Peter Collins, Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture, 1750-1950 (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1965), 2-13.

M. Eliade, Paradise and Utopia: Mythical Geography and Eschatology, Utopias and Utopian Thought (Boston: Beacon Press, 1965)

R. W. Brunskill, English Vernacular Architecture, Journal of the Folklore Institute 2, no. 3 (December 1965): 300-307.

Edward T. Hall, The Hidden Dimension (New York, Anchor Books, 1966)

Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969, 1967)

Stanford M. Lyman and Marvin B. Scott, "Territoriality: A Neglected Sociological Dimension," Social Problems, 44 (1967)

Winnicott, D.W. "The Location of Cultural Experience", in Playing and Reality (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1967/1971), pp. 112121.

Gerald D. Suttles, The Social Order of the Slum (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1968)

P. R. Gould and R. R. White, The Mental Maps of British School Leavers, Regional Studies 2, no. 2 (1968

By the end of the nineteenth century, the term space had a radically promiscuous career: space slipped between the social space that fin-de-siecle
sociologists discovered around the Paris Commune; the personal space of midcentury psychologists; and the Cartesian space that Marxist geographers after 1968
associated with the liberal government and the rule of capital

Piaget, J. The Child's Conception of Time (New York: Ballantine Books, 1969)

Robert Sommer, Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design (Englewood Cliffs, 1969)

Anne Buttimer, "Social Space in Interdisciplinary Perspective," Geographical Review, 59 (1969)

Peter Gould, The Structure of Space Preferences in Tanzania, Area 1, no. 4 (1969

Sanford Labovitz, "Territorial Differentiation and Societal Change," Pacific Sociological Review, 8 (1969)

Only after 1970 did these languages begin the process of convergence, encouraged by the importation of French theory, in particular the work of Foucault,
Lefebvre, de Certeau, and Virilio, which newly emphasized the power relations implicit in landscape under general headings like abstract space, place, and
symbolic place, interpreted through new spatial metaphors like panopticism.


John A. Jakle, Time, Space, and the Geographic Past: A Prospectus for Historical Geography, The American Historical Review 76, no. 4 (October 1971)

Pierre Bourdieu, "The Berber House," The Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture (Blackwell 1971

Henry Glassie, Eighteenth-Century Cultural Process in Delaware Valley Folk Building, Winterthur Portfolio 7 (1972): 29-57

Victor Turner, The Center out There: Pilgrim's Goal, History of Religions 12, no. 3 (1973

According to A. Siegal, who first recognized the pattern in a 1973 essay, the object story marks the beginning of a new period in the narration of the
subject

Yi-fu Tuan, Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values (Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1974)

F. A Yates, The Art of Memory (University of Chicago Press, 1974)

Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 1991 [1974])

In his Species of Spaces (1974), novelist Georges Perec set out to systematically analyze the associations of the landscapes that composed his everyday
experience, panning out from the small to the large: bed, bedroom, street, neighborhood, town (as experienced by both locals and tourists), nation, continent, world,
and space.

Labelle Prussin, An Introduction to Indigenous African Architecture, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 33, no. 3 (October 1974)

John Gloag, The Architectural Interpretation of History (New York, 1975)

Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975)

Malcolm Airs, The Making of the English Country House, 1500-1640 (London: Architectural Press, 1975

J. G. A. Pocock, British History: A Plea for a New Subject, The Journal of Modern History (1975)

Spiro Kostof, Architecture, You and Him: The Mark of Sigfried Giedion, Daedalus 105, no. 1 (Winter 1976)

1977, when the first studies of place cells were published, the primary field of new research in the mental processing of the landscape was child
psychology

T. Dalyell, Devolution: The End of Britain? (London: Jonathan Cape, 1977)

James Deetz, In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life, 1st ed. (Garden City, N.Y: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1977)

T. Nairn, The Break-Up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Colonialism (London: New Left Books, 1977)

Cary Carson, "Doing History with Material Culture," Material Culture and the Study of American Life, ed. Ian M. G. Quimby (New York:W. W. Norton
and Company, 1978)

Victor Turner, Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture: Anthropological Perspectives (Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Blackwell, 1978)

Abbott Lowell Cummings, The Framed Houses of Massachusetts Bay, 1625-1725 (Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1979)

David P Handlin, The American Home: Architecture and Society, 1815-1915, 1st ed. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979)

Jan Cohn, The Palace or the Poorhouse: The American House as a Cultural Symbol (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1979)

John R. Stilgoe, Landschaft and Linearity: Two Archetypes of Landscape, Environmental Review: ER 4, no. 1 (1980)

The American Vernacular Architecture Forum was founded in 1980

Charles B. Hosmer, Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949, Bulletin of the Association for Preservation
Technology 12, no. 3 (1980): 20-27

David Watkin, The Rise of Architectural History (London: Architectural Press, 1980)

E. A Chappell, Acculturation in the Shenandoah Valley: Rhenish Houses of the Massanutten Settlement, Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society(1980)

Gwendolyn Wright, Moralism and the Model Home: Domestic Architecture and Cultural Conflict in Chicago, 1873-1913 (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1980)

R. J. OBrien, American Sublime: Landscape and Scenery of the Lower Hudson Valley (Columbia University Press, 1981)

Mary Ellen Hayward, Urban Vernacular Architecture in Nineteenth-Century Baltimore, Winterthur Portfolio 16, no. 1 (Spring 1981)

Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va.,
by University of North Carolina Press, 1982

Jules David Prown, Mind in Matter: An Introduction to Material Culture Theory and Method, Winterthur Portfolio 17, no. 1 (Spring 1982)

Dell Upton, Vernacular Domestic Architecture in Eighteenth-Century Virginia, Winterthur Portfolio 17, no. 2 (Summer - Autumn 1982)

J Baird Callicott, The Land Aesthetic, Environmental History 7, no. 4 (1983)

Peter Clark, The English Alehouse: A Social History, 1200-1830 (London: Longman, 1983

Donald Olsen, The City as a Work of Art, in Derek Fraser and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds, The Pursuit of Urban History (1983)

John K Walton, The English Seaside Resort: A Social History, 1750-1914 (Leicester [Leicestershire]: Leicester University Press, 1983)

Svetlana Alpers, The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983)

Richard Longstreth, "The Problem with 'Style,'"The Forum: Bulletin of the Committee on Preservation, Society of Architectural Historians 6 (December
1984)

Richard Longstreth, From Farm to Campus: Planning, Politics, and the Agricultural College Idea in Kansas, Winterthur Portfolio 20, no. 2 (Summer Autumn 1985)

Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985)

Sally McMurry, City Parlor, Country Sitting Room: Rural Vernacular Design and the American Parlor, 1840-1900, Winterthur Portfolio 20, no. 4
(Winter 1985)

Ann Bermingham, Landscape and Ideology: The English Rustic Tradition, 1740-1860 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986)

H. F Stein, The Influence of Psychogeography Psychoanalytic Inquiry 6 (1986)

J. M Vlach, The Shotgun House: An African Architectural Legacy, Afro-American Folk Art and Crafts (1986)

Camille Wells, Old Claims and New Demands: Vernacular Architecture Studies Today, Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 2 (1986): 1-10.

William B. Rhoads, Roadside Colonial: Early American Design for the Automobile Age, 1900-1940,Winterthur Portfolio 21, no. 2 (Summer - Autumn
1986)

Donald Kunze,Thought and Place: The Architecture of Eternal Place in the Philosophy of Giambattista Vico (New York: P. Lang, 1987

W. Schivelbusch, The Railway Journey (University of California Press, 1987)

David Gebhard, The American Colonial Revival in the 1930s, Winterthur Portfolio 22, no. 2 (Summer - Autumn 1987

Tom Williamson, Property and Landscape: A Social History of Land Ownership and the English Countryside (London: George Philip, 1987

Simon Schama, Culture as Foreground, in Peter C Sutton et al., Masters of 17th-Century Dutch Landscape Painting (Boston, Mass: Boston Museum of
Fine Arts, 1987)

Stanford E Lehmberg, The Reformation of Cathedrals: Cathedrals in English Society, 1485-1603 (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1988

John Stilgoe, Borderland: The Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988)

J. B. Harley, Silences and Secrecy: The Hidden Agenda of Cartography in Early Modern Europe,Imago Mundi 40, no. 1 (1988)

C. Holmes and N. Evans, John Bull's Island: Immigration and British Society, 1871-1971 (London: Macmillan, 1988)

Kristin Ross, The Emergence of Social Space (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988)

Jonathan Crary, Techniques of the Observer,October 45 (Summer 1988)

P. Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660-1770 (Clarendon Press, 1989)

Peter Bishop, The Myth of Shangri-La: Tibet, Travel Writing and the Western Creation of Sacred Landscape (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1989)

R. Samuel, Patriotism: The Making and Unmaking of British National Identity (London: Routledge, 1989)

J. B. Harley, "Deconstructing the Map," Cartographica 26:2 (1989)


Beginning in the 1990s with the GIS survey of ancient Corinth, the uses of GIS began to tempt scholars in archaeology and economic history with a vision
of rigorously measurable, infinitely sharable information.

David Lowenthal, British National Identity and the English Landscape, Rural History 2, no. 02 (1991)

B. Crick, National Identities: The Constitution of the United Kingdom (London: Blackwell Publishers, 1991)

Robert Tittler, Architecture and Power: The Town Hall and the English Urban Community, c. 1500-1640 (Oxford University Press, 1991)

Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). "Symbolism of the Centre" in Images and Symbols (Princeton University Press, 1991

Kathleen Raine, Golgonooza, City of Imagination: Last studies in William Blake (Lindisfarne Books, 1991

Ali Shariat, Henry Corbin and the Imaginal: A Look at the Concept and Function of the Creative Imagination in Iranian Philosophy, Diogenes 39, no.
156 (December 1, 1991

Barbara Belya, Images of Power: Derrida/Foucault/Harley,Cartographica 29, no. 2 (October 1, 1992)

Ryce Menuhin, Joel. Jungian Sandplay: The Wonderful Therapy (London and New York: Routledge, 1992)

L. Colley, Britishness and Otherness: An Argument, Journal of British Studies (1992)

Stephen Daniels, Fields of Vision: Landscape Imagery and National Identity in England and the United States, Human Geography (Cambridge, UK:
Polity Press, 1993)

D. E. Cosgrove, The Palladian Landscape: Geographical Change and its Cultural Representations in Sixteenth-Century Italy (Penn State Press, 1993)

Christopher S Wood, Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape (London: Reaktion Press, 1993)

Alain Corbin, The Lure of the Sea: The Discovery of the Seaside in the Western World, 1750-1840 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994)

Colin Platt, The Great Rebuildings of Tudor and Stuart England (London: University College London Press, 1994)

M. Kammen, Fields of Vision: Landscape Imagery and National Identity in England and the United States, The Journal of American History 80, no. 4
(1994)

John Stilgoe, Alongshore (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994)

A. McClintock, Imperial Leather (Routledge: New York, 1995)

J. Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge University Press, 1995)

W. Schivelbusch, Disenchanted Night: The Industrialization of Light in the Nineteenth Century (University of California Press, 1995)

A. Grant and KJ (Keith John) Stringer, Uniting the Kingdom? (London: Routledge, 1995)

Justin Stagl, A History of Curiosity: The Theory of Travel, 1550-1800 (Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995)

Bonnie G. Smith, Gender and the Practices of Scientific History: The Seminar and Archival Research in the Nineteenth Century, The American
Historical Review 100, no. 4 (October 1, 1995)

Rosalind Williams, op. cit. Susan Buck-Morss, The City as Dreamworld and Catastrophe, October 73 (Summer 1995)

Theodore M Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995)

Simon Schama, Landscape and Memory (New York: A.A. Knopf ;Distributed by Random House, 1995)

M. Heffernan, For Ever England: The Western Front and the Politics of Remembrance in Britain,Ecumene 2, no. 3 (1995)

Keith Basso, Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996), 7, 13.

If place-making is a way of constructing the past, a venerable means of doing human history, it is also a way of constructing social
traditions and, in the process, personal and social identities.

Meryl Aldridge, Only Demi-Paradise? Women in Garden Cities and New Towns, Planning Perspectives 11, no. 1 (1996)

David Matless, Visual Culture and Geographical Citizenship: England in the 1940s, Journal of Historical Geography 22, no. 4 (October 1, 1996)

Thomas J Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit, Princeton Studies in American Politics (Princeton, N.J:
Princeton University Press, 1996)

Pierre Nora, "General Introduction: Between Memory and History," Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, vol. 1, ed. Lawrence Kritzman (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1996)

Philip J Ethington, The Intellectual Construction of Social Distance: Toward a Recovery of Georg Simmels Social Geometry, Cybergeo (September
16, 1997)

Chandra Mukerji, Territorial Ambitions and the Gardens of Versailles, Cambridge cultural social studies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997)

L. W. B. Brockliss and D. Eastwood, A Union of Multiple Identities: The British Isles, 1750-1850 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997)

T. Williamson and J. T. Brighton, Polite Landscapes: Gardens and Society in Eighteenth-century England (Sutton, 1998)

Pierre Nora, "The Era of Commemoration," Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past, vol. 3, ed. Lawrence Kritzman (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1998)

David Matless, Landscape and Englishness (London: Reaktion Books, 1998)

B. Bradshaw and P. Roberts, British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533-1707(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998)

K. Robbins, Great Britain: Identities, Institutions, and the Idea of Britishness (London: Longman, 1998)

V. R. Schwartz, Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin-de-Sicle Paris (University of California Press, 1999)

Jonathan Bordo, Picture and Witness at the Site of the Wilderness, Critical Inquiry 26, no. 2 (January 2000

Simon Gunn, The Public Culture of the Victorian Middle Class: Ritual and Authority and the English Industrial City, 1840-1914 (Manchester; New York
NY USA: Manchester University Press; Distributed exclusively in the USA by St. Martins Press, 2000)

John K Walton, The British Seaside: Holidays and Resorts in the Twentieth Century (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2000)

A. O'Connor, Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy, and the Poor in Twentieth-century US History (Princeton University Press, 2001)

R. D. E. Burton, Blood in the City: Violence and Revelation in Paris, 1789-1945 (Cornell University Press, 2001)

Robin L Einhorn, Property Rules: Political Economy in Chicago, 1833-1872 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001)

Svetlana Boym, The Future of Nostalgia (New York: Basic Books, 2001)

Kenneth Olwig, Landscape, Nature, and the Body Politic: From Britains Renaissance to America's New World (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,
2002)

T. Mitchell, Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002)

A. Byerly, Rivers, Journeys, and the Construction of Place in Nineteenth-Century English Literature, The Greening of Literary Scholarship: Literature,
Theory and the Environment (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2002)

In his posthumous Arcades Project(written 1926-1940, published 2002), Walter Benjamin enumerated the structural changes to the nineteenth-century city,
particularly changes in transport, consumption, and entertainment, amassing evidence around the collective emotions implied by each setting, for instance, the
uncanny free associations implied by bric-a-brac juxtaposed in a shop window

David Matless, Topographic Culture: Nikolaus Pevsner and the Buildings of England, History Workshop Journal 54, no. 1 (September 1, 2002)

David Harvey, Paris, Capital of Modernity (New York: Routledge, 2003)

Bingley, A. "In Here and Out There: Sensations Between Self and Landscape". Social & Cultural Geography, 4(3), (2003): 329.

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