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14 WARM-UP
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Definition List:
Allele
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
Dominant
Recessive
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Genotype
CH. 14 WARM-UP
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Definition List:
Complete
dominance
Codominance
Incomplete
dominance
Multiple alleles
Pleiotropy
Epistasis
Polygenic traits
CH. 14 WARM-UP
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CH. 14 WARM-UP
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CH. 14 WARM-UP
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CH. 14 WARM-UP
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GREGOR MENDEL
Austrian
monk
Brought experimental and
quantitative approach to
genetics
Bred pea plants to study
inhertance
Why peas?
Control
7
CHARACTERS
IN PEA
PLANTS
Dominant vs. Recessive
(expressed) or (hidden)
MENDELS PRINCIPLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
LAW OF
SEGREGATI
ON
dominant
homozygous
heterozygous
Phenotype:
Genotype:
genetic make-up
PUNNETT SQUARE
Device for predicting offspring from a cross
Example: Pp x Pp (P=purple, p=white)
Genotypic Ratio:
Phenotypic Ratio:
Monohybrid
eg.
flower color
Dihybrid
eg.
DIHYBRID CROSS
Example:
AaBb x AaBb
EXTENDING MENDELIAN
GENETICS
The
relationship between genotype and phenotype
is rarely simple
Complete Dominance:
heterozygote and homozygote
for dominant allele are
indistinguishable
Eg. YY or Yy = yellow seed
Incomplete Dominance: F1
hybrids have appearance that
is between that of 2 parents
Eg. red x white = pink flowers
BLOOD TYPING
Phenotype
(Blood Group)
Genotype(s)
Type A
IAIA or IAi
Type B
IBIB or IBi
Type AB
IAIB
Type O
ii
BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
ee overrides the
expression of all
the B,b genotypes
PEDIGREE ANALYSIS
GENETIC TESTING
May
GENETIC DISORDERS
Autosomal Recessive
Cystic
fibrosis (CF)
Tay-Sachs disease
Sickle-cell disease
Phenylketonuria
(PKU)
Autosomal Dominant
Huntingtons
(HD)
Lethal
disease
dominant allele