Explanation of joint

movement:
Pronation
(hand turns
to face
downwards).
Rotation (at
hips as it
makes a
circular
movement) to
Extension
(straightenin
g out of her
left leg).

Extension (at both

arms) as she
stretches out to
reach for the ball.

Abduction (as the

hip moves away
from the midline of
the body) as she
leans to get the

Adduction (at the

left leg as it move
towards midline
of body) to
stretch to full

Flexion (at
right knee)
as leg is
lifted of
Plantarflexion (foot moving
away from shin bones to point
downwards) to stretch body to
maximum height to reach ball.

Joint Analysis

Firstly looking at the brunette womans

left leg you will notice that it is in the
process of Extension, where her leg is
straightening out as the angle of the joint
increases, as she jumps to reach the ball.
Whereas her right leg is completing the
action of Flexion, when a limb bends as
the angle of the joint decreases, as she
jumps and bends to reach the ball.
Although the two joint movements
contrast, they are still similar in a way as
they both take place at the knees which is
a Hinge joint. Another joint movement
which is also similar to the Extension and
Flexion at the brunette womans legs
would be the Plantarflexion, where the
foot moves down away from the shin, at
the blonde womans feet. Plantarflexion is
similar to Extension and Flexion because
they all take place at the Hinge joint. Now
if you look at the blonde womans left leg,
you will see it is in the activity of
Adduction, when a limb moves toward the
midline of the body, as she stretches her
body to its full potential.

Explanation of joint movement:

(Continued) On the other hand, both of the womens hips are completing the movement Abduction , when a limb moves away from
the midline of the body, as they lean forward to grab the ball. Despite the fact that the joint movements are again opposites they
also have a similarity as they all occur at Ball and Socket joints. Another joint movement that is similar to Adduction and Abduction
would be the Rotation, when a limb moves in a circular movement toward the middle of body, at the brunette womans hip. Rotation
is similar to Adduction and Abduction as it also happens at a Ball and Socket joint. Whereas both of the blonde womans arms are not
similar to Adduction, Abduction or Rotation as they are in the operation of Extension; straightening out as the angle of the joints
increases, as she stretches out to grab the ball. Finally focusing on the brunette womans right hand as it is in the motion of
Pronation, when the hand moves from facing up to facing down, as she turns her hand to get the ball. Pronation is different to any of
the joint movements mentioned earlier as it completes a different function as it does not happen at the Ball and Socket joint. Instead
Pronation occurs at the Pivot joint between the ulna and the radius. In conclusion there are many different and contrasting joint
movements taking place in this picture, but most of the joint movements happening are ones that occur at either Hinge joints or Ball
and Socket joints.

Explanation of joint
movement:
Abduction
(right arm
moving away
from body).

Adduction (left
leg moving
towards midline
of body) to
Abduction to take

Plantarflexion
(foot moving
away from shin
bones to point
downwards) as
foot is lifted of

Abduction (as the hip

moves away from the
midline of the body)
as he leans forwards.
Abduction (right leg
moving away from
midline of body)
long strides.
Extension (right
leg straightening
out) to take next
stride.

Flexion (bending
at the left knee)
as left leg is
lifted of ground.

Dorsiflexion (foot
moves towards
shin bones) as his
foot prepares for
contact with the
ground.

When looking at Usain Bolts right leg you

will notice that it is in the process of
Abduction, when a limb moves away from
the midline of the body, to take long
strides. Whereas his left leg is completing
the action of Adduction, when a limb moves
toward the midline of the body, to bring leg
back to take the next stride which is the
opposite movement of Abduction. Although
the left and the right legs are fulfilling
different joint movements they are similar
in a way because the contrasting joint
movements are both taking place at Ball
and Socket joints. Continuing, focusing on
Usain Bolts legs, you can see his right leg
is in the motion of Extension, where his leg
is straightening out as the angle of the joint
increases. On the other hand, his left leg is
performing the task of Flexion, when a limb
bends as the angle of the joint decreases,
this is the opposite of Extension. Again
these two joint movements are similar as
they both occur at Hinge joints, despite the
fact they perform opposite motions. Now if
you study Usain Bolts feet, you will find
that his right foot is performing

Explanation of joint movement:

(Continued) the activity of Dorsiflexion, where the foot moves up towards the shin, as his foot prepares for contact with the ground.
In comparison to his right foot, his left is carrying out the operation of Plantarflexion, where the foot moves down away from the shin,
as the foot is lifted off the ground. Again these procedures are both opposites as they fulfil contrasting actions. However despite the
fact they are completing different joint movements, they still have a similarity because they are happening at the ankle joint which is
a Hinge joint. Finally looking at the right arm and the hip, they are both doing the movement Abduction, when a limb moves away
from midline of body, this is because the right arm is moving backward as it swings and the hip is leaning forward away from midline
of body, thus abducting like the right leg. Also the Abduction happening at the right arm and the hip are similar to the Abduction
taking place at the right leg because they occur at the Ball and Socket joint. In a way the Abduction of the right arm and hip is also
similar to the Adduction of the left leg because they all occur at Ball and Socket joints. Overall there are many different types of joint
movements taking place in this picture, however most of them are taking place in the Appendicular skeleton including the arms and
the legs.

Hannah Chapman
10C