Geometry in the real

world
Larry small
Math tech 3
2/13/15
Chapter 1

point

Apointis the most fundamental object

ingeometry. It is represented by a dot
and named by a capital letter.
Apointrepresents position only; it has
zero size

line

For instance, in analyticgeometry, alinein the

plane is oftendefinedas the set of points whose
coordinates satisfy a given linear equation, but in
a more abstract setting, such as
incidencegeometry, alinemay be an
independent object, distinct from the set of
points which lie on it.

plane

Two intersectingplanesin threedimensional space. In mathematics,

aplaneis a flat, two-dimensional
surface. Aplaneis the twodimensional analogue of a point

segment

Geometry. a part cut off from a figure,

especially a circular or spherical one, by a line or
plane, as a part of a circular area contained by
an arc and its chord or by two parallel lines or
planes. Also called linesegment. a finite section
of a line.

ray

Arayis part of a line, has one fixed endpoint,

and extends infinitely along the line from the
endpoint. Opposite mathraysarerayswith a
common endpoint, extending in opposite
directions and forming a line.

Collinear points

Pointsthat lie on the same line are

calledcollinear points. If there is no line on
which all of thepointslie, then they
arenoncollinear points. In Figure 3 ,pointsM,
A, and N arecollinear, andpointsT, I, and C
arenoncollinear. Figure 3 Threecollinear
pointsand threenoncollinear points.

Acute angles

Anglessmaller than a rightangle(less than

90) are calledacute
angles("acute"meaning"sharp").
Anangleequal to 1/4 turn (90 or / 2 radians)
is called a rightangle. Two lines that form a
rightangleare said to be normal, orthogonal, or
perpendicular.

Obtuse angles

obtuse angle definition.

Ananglethat measures more than 90
degrees but less than 180 degrees.

Right angles

Aright angleis equal to 90 degrees. A line

segment (AB) drawn so that it formsright
angleswith a line (CD). Ingeometryand
trigonometry, aright angleis ananglethat
bisects theangleformed by two halves of a
straight line

Perpendicular lines

Adjective Intersecting at or forming a

right angle or right angles. Noun
Alineor plane that
isperpendicularto a givenlineor
plane.

Complementary angles

TwoAnglesareComplementarywhen they
add up to 90 degrees (a RightAngle). They don't
have to be next to each other, just so long as the
total is 90 degrees. Examples: 60 and 30
arecomplementary angles. 5 and 85
arecomplementary angles.

Supplementary angles

TwoAnglesareSupplementaryif they add up

to 180 degrees. These twoangles(140 and
40) areSupplementary Angles, because they
add up to 180. Notice that together they make a
straightangle. But theanglesdon't have to be
together.

Vertical angles

Vertical Anglesare 2angleswhose sides form

two pairs of opposite rays (straight
lines).Vertical anglesare not adjacent. They
are located across from one another in the
corners of the "X" formed by the two straight
lines. They are always equal in measure.

Acute triangles

One Obtuse Angle Makes an ObtuseTriangle!

NotAcute! 3. All
equilateraltriangles(triangleswith all three
angles and sides equal) areacute triangles.
This is because if all atriangle'sangles are
equal, they all must measure 60 degrees to
make 180 degrees total.

Obtuse triangles

(Obtuse triangleshave oneobtuseangle.)

The acutetriangle: Acutetrianglesare better
looking than all the othertriangles. (Pathetic
attempt at amathjoke.) Acutetriangleshave
NOanglesgreater than or equal to 90 degrees -all theiranglesare less than 90 degrees

Equilateral triangles

Equilateral Triangle. more ...

Atrianglewith all three sides of equal
length. All the angles are 60

Isosceles triangles

Ingeometry, anisosceles triangleis

atrianglethat has two sides of equal length.
Sometimes it is specified as having two and only
two sides of equal length, and sometimes as
having at least two sides of equal length, the
latter version thus including the
equilateraltriangleas a special case.

Scalene triangles

Scalene trianglesaretriangleswith three

sides of different lengths. Themathterm for
sides of different lengths is noncongruent sides,
so you may also see this phrase in
yourmathbook. Forexample, atrianglewith
side lengths of 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm would be
ascalene triangle.

Right triangles

Aright triangle(American English) orrightangledtriangle(British English) is atrianglein

which one angle is arightangle (that is, a 90degree angle). The relation between the sides
and angles of aright triangleis the basis for
trigonometry.

circles

Acircleis a simple shape in

Euclideangeometry. It is the set of all points in
a plane that are at a given distance from a given
point, the centre; equivalently it is the curve
traced out by a point that moves so that its
distance from a given point is constant.