PARALLELISM

DEFINITIONS AND
THEOREMS
Parallel Lines: Two lines are parallel
iff. they lie on the same plane and do
not intersect. In symbol, AB // CD.
Skew Lines: Two lines are
skew iff.
they do not lie on the same plane and
do not intersect.

Parallel Planes: Two planes are parallel iff.

they do not intersect.
Theorem 3-1: Two parallel lines lie in exactly one plane.
Theorem 3-2: Through a point not on a line there is exactly
one line // to a given line.
Theorem 3-3: In a plane, if line is to one of 2 // lines, then
it is to the other.

Transversal: A line is a transversal of two

or more coplanar lines iff. It
intersects
them at different points.

3 2
5
7

Interior Angles : 3, 4, 5, 6
8

6
8

Exterior Angles: 1, 2, 7,

Corresponding Angles: A pair of non-adjacent

1 & 5
angles one interior, one exterior both on the
2 & 6
same side of the transversal are called
3 & 7
corresponding angles.
4 & 8
Alternate Interior Angles: a pair of non-adjacent
3 & 6
interior angles on opposite sides of the transversal. 4 & 5
Alternate Exterior Angles: a pair of non-adjacent
exterior angles on opposite sides of the transversal
are called alternate exterior angles.

1 & 8
2 & 7

PROPERTIES OF
PARALLEL LINES

Parallel Lines Postulate: through a given

external point, there is only one parallel line
to a given line.
Theorem 3-4: PAI Theorem if 2 parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then alternate interior angles are congruent.
Corollary 3-4 PCA Corollary: if 2 parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then corresponding angles are congruent.
Theorem 3-5 PAE Theorem: if 2 parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then alternate exterior angles are congruent.
Theorem 3-6: if 2 parallel lines have a transversal, then
interior angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.

PROVING LINES ARE

PARALLEL
Theorem 3-7: if 2 coplanar lines are both perpendicular to the

Theorem 3-7: if 2 coplanar lines are both perpendicular to the

same line, they are //.
Theorem 3-8 CAP Theorem: if two lines have a transversal and
a pair of congruent Corresponding Angles, then the lines are //.
Theorem 3-9 AIP Theorem: if two lines have a transversal and
a pair of congruent Alternate Interior Angles, then the lines are //.
Theorem 3-10 AEP Theorem: if two lines have a transversal
and a pair of congruent Alternate Exterior Angles, then the lines
are //.
Theorem 3-11: if 2 lines have a transversal and interior angles
on the same side of the transversal are supplementary, then the
lines are //.
Theorem 3-12: if 2 lines are parallel to a third line, then they
are // to each other. if a//b, and b//c, then a//c.
Theorem 3-13: if 2 // planes are intersected by a third plane,
then the
lines of intersection are //.

Triangle: a figure formed by 3

segments connecting 3 non-collinear

points. Each of the 3 non-collinear
points is called the vertex. The
segments are called sides of the
triangle. 3 vertices are used to name
triangle.