MECNICA DE SUELOS II

PRIMER EXAMEN PARCIAL

Semestre III/2004. Julio 22, 2004
Nombre
1.-

CI

Para la Figura 1, se pide determinar:

a) Carga neta aplicada al nivel de fundacin
b) Incremento de esfuerzo a lo largo del perfil de suelo. Considerar que el efecto de
una carga cuadrada es el mismo que el de una circular.
c) Asentamiento inmediato en el centro de la fundacin
d) Asentamiento total en la arcilla utilizando el criterio de Burland
e) Tiempo en el que se produce el 50% del asentamiento de consolidacin

Figura 1
0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.-

B=L=6m
q = 165 [KPa]

= 18 [KN/m ]
f) i = 20 [KN/m ]
i)

Arena
f = 19 [KN/m ]
3

= 20 [KN/m ]
3

flexible

Es = 30 [MN/m ]
2

Eu = 3 [MN/m ]
2

interfase rugosa

1m
eo = 0.60
cc = 0.21
cs = 0.08

= 22 [KN/m ]
3

'c = 'o+50 [KPa ] en todo el perfil

de arcilla

roca muy poco permeable

'
cv
2

[m /ao]

25

50

100

6.9 6.1 5.7

200 400

500

5.4

5.3

5.0

SOLUCIN
a) Carga neta

qu = q ' q 0'
q ' = q f = 165 0 = 165 [KPa ] ; q 0' = q 0 0 = 18 x1 + 20 x1 9.8 x1 = 28.2 [KPa ]

q n = 165 28.2 = 136.8 [KPa ]

b) Incremento de esfuerzo
Dos estratos E1 > E2 Usar Fox(1948)
E1

E2

= 30 = 10
3

H1

= 3 =1
3

= q n = 39.95 [KPa ]

A 2m

= 0.2920 q n = 39.95 [KPa ]

A 5m

= 0.1680 q n = 22.98 [KPa ]

A 8m

= 0.1050 q n = 14.36 [KPa ]

A 11m
c) Asentamiento inmediato
S i = S iarena + S iarcilla

1) En la arcilla:
S iarcilla = S i1 S i 2
S i1 = A1 A2

Df
B
A1 = 0.48 ;

qn B
Eu

= 2 = 0.33
6

A2 = 0.48

MN
q n = 136.8 [KPa ] ; B = 6 ; Eu = 3 2
m

S i1 = 0.48 x0.95 x136.8 x

S i 2 = A1 A2

Df
B

= 9 = 1 .5
6

=1

6
= 125 [mm]
3

qn B
Eu

= 2 = 0.33
6

A1 = 0.17 ;

A2 = 0.95

= 3 = 0.17
6

=1

MN
q n = 136.8 [KPa ] ; B = 6 ; Eu = 3 2
m

S i 2 = 0.17 x0.95 x136.8 x

6
= 44 [mm]
3

Por lo tanto S i = 125 44 = 81 [mm]

2) En la arena

en la arcilla

S i = C1C 2 C 3 q n
0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Iz

Arena

Arcilla
z

qn

I zp = 0.5 + 0.1

vp'

vp' = 18 x1 + 20 x1 + 20 x3 9.8 x 4

vp' = 58.8 [KPa ]

I zp = 0.5 + 0.1

136.8
58.8

I zp = 0.653

v' 0 = q0' = 28.8

v' 0
C1 = 1 0.5
qn

0 .5

28.8
C1 = 1 0.5
= 0.85
136.8
L
C 3 = 1.03 0.03 = 1
B
S i = 0.895 x1x1x136.8 x
S i = 4.6 5 [mm]

(0.653 2 + 0.12 )x3

30

Por lo tanto S i = 81 + 5 = 86 [mm]

C2 = 1

I z

d) Asentamiento total en la arcilla

5.6.7.8.9.10.11.-

1m

6' m = 18 + 20 x 4 + 22 x1 9.8 x5 = 71 [KPa ]

c' 6 m = 71 + 50 = 121 [KPa ]
8' m = 18 x1 + 20 x 4 + 22 x3 9.8 x7 = 95.4 [KPa ]
c' 8 m = 95.4 + 50 = 145.4 [KPa ]

eo = 0.60
cc = 0.21
cs = 0.08

p = 24.37 [KPa ]
roca muy poco permeable

e8 m = e6 m e1 e2 + e3

e1
121
e1 = 0.08 log
= 0.019
'
c6
71
log '
6
e2
145.4
e2 c =
e2 = 0.08 log
= 0.017
c
e3
'
c8
121
log '
c6
e3
145.4
cs =
e3 = 0.08 log
= 0.015
'
c8
95.4
log '
log '
8
cs =

e6m

e1

e8m

'6m '8m 'c6

'c8

e8 m = 0.600 0.019 0.017 + 0.015

e8 m = 0.579

0' + = 92.4 + 24.37 = 119.77 < c'

Arcilla S.C

Por lo tanto

S T = S oed =

' +
cs H

log 0 '

1 + ei
0
0.08 x6 x10 3
119.77
ST =
log
= 30
1 + 0.579
95.4

S T = 30 [mm]

e) Tiempo de consolidacin
Drenaje en un sentido Hdr = 6 m

U = 50 %

rp =

39.95
= 2 .8
14.36

Tv = 0.156

Para cv

cv = 5.7 x

(100 95.4) + 5.4 (115.77 100)

14.37

24.37

m
cv = 1.08 + 4.38 = 5.46

ao
c t
T H2
0.156 x6 2
Tv = v 2

t = v dr =
= 1.029 [ao ]
5.46
cv
H de
t = 1.029 [aos ]
2

Pregunta 2.- Mxima capacidad segura de apoyo

Para la Figura 2, se pide determinar la mxima capacidad segura de apoyo utilizando el
mtodo de Hansen con un factor de seguridad de 3
R = 4000 KN

0.1.2.3.4.5.-

i)
Arena i = 20 [KN/m ]; = 18 [KN/m ]
f) Arena i = 19 [KN/m ]; = 17 [KN/m ]
3

Arena

= 18 [KN/m ]

Arena

= 20 [KN/m ]

c' = 0 ; ' = 32

c = 24 [KN/m ]
3

c' = 0 ; ' = 28

eB = 0.3 m
eL = 0.0 m

c' = 0 ; ' = 32

B=4m;L=6m

Figura 2
SOLUCIN

cos =

V = cos 10 x 4000 = 3939.23 [KN ]

H = sen10 x 4000 = 694.59 [KN ]

B ' = B 2e = 4 2 x0.3 = 3.4 [m]

c' = 0 ; ' = 30

Ecuacin de capacidad de apoyo de Hansen

L' = L = 4 [m]

qu = c N c s c d c ic g c bc + q N q s q d q iq g q bq + 0.5 B N s d i g b
Factores de profundidad

B = 4; L =6

k = 0.75
= 3 = 0.75 < 1
4
B
2
2
d q = 1 + 2 tan (1 sen ) k = 1 + 2 tan 32(1 sen32 ) 0.75

d q = 1.207
d = 1
Factores de inclinacin

iq , B

0 .5 H
= 1

V + A f c a cot

0.5 x694.59
iq , B = 1
3939.23

i , B

c a = 0 ; 1 = 3 .5

3.5

= 0.724

0 .7 H
= 1

V + A f c a cot

0.7 x694.59
= 1
3939.23

2.5

= 0.719

Factores de forma

s q , B = 1 + sen

B ' iq , B
L'

s q , L = 1 + sen32 6 x1
s , B = 1 + 0 .4

B ' i , B

s , L = 1 + 0 .4

L' i , L

3 .4

= 1 + sen32 3.4 x0.724 = 1.217

6
= 1.935

(L i ) = 1 + 0.4 x
'

(B

'

3.4 x0.719

,L

i , B

) = 1 + 0 .4 x

6 x1

6 x1

= 0.837

(3.4 x0.719) = 0.018 0.6

(1)

KN
q ' = 18 + 17 + 18 9.8 = 43.2 2
m

qu = q ' N q s q , B d q iq , B + 0.5 ' B ' N s , B d i , B

qu = 43.2 x 23.2 x1.217 x1.207 x0.724 + 0.5 x(20 9.8)x3.4 x 20.8 x0.837 x0.719

qu = 1282.93 [KPa ]

(2)

qu = q ' N q s q , L d q iq , L + 0.5 ' B ' N s , L d i , L

qu = 43.2 x 23.2 x1.935 x1 + 0.5 x(20 9.8)x6 x 20.8 x0.6 x1

qu = 2321.22 [KPa ]

qu = 1282.93 [KPa ]

q s = 427.64 [KPa ]

qs =

q u 1282.93
=
= 427.64
FS
3