Balanced Three-phase circuit analysis using per-phase equivalent

Wye (Y) Connection Phasor Diagram

Jess Baez

November-2014

Source (equivalent Y)-Load (equivalent Y)

a

A
Source

Equivalent Y
connected source

Vb'n

c
Vc'n

IaA

Va'n

Equivalent Y
connected load

Load

Feeder

Z nN

C
IbB

Z eq Z s Z f Z L Rs jXs Rf jXf R jX

KCL @ N

Va 'n Va ' N ; Van VaN ; VAn VAN

VN Vn VN Va 'n VN Vb 'n VN Vc 'n

0
Z nN
Z eq
Z eq
Z eq

IaA

1
3
1
Va 'n Vb 'n Vc 'n
VN

Z nN Z eq Z eq
1
Va 'n Vb 'n Vc 'n
Z eq
VN
1
3

Z nN Z eq
In a balanced system

Va 'n Vb 'n Vc 'n 0 VN 0 VnN 0 I Nn 0

( Regardless of the value of Z nN
0( short circuit ) Z nN (open circuit ))

IcC

Va 'n
Va 'n
Van
V

AN
Z eq Z s Z f Z L Z f Z L
ZL

This analysis shows that if the system is balanced,IaA can

be found by analyzing only phase a (per - phase equivalent).
If requi red, IbB and IcC may be calculated as follows :

1 120 I

IbB 1 120o IaA

IcC

aA

Analysis of Y connected source , Y connected load 3-phase system

a
A
Source

Equivalent Y
connected source

Va'n
Vb'n

c
Vc'n

Equivalent Y
connected load

Load

Feeder

IaA

I Nn 0

Z nN

C
B

IbB

IcC

a
IaA 0

Per- phase equivalent circuit

I Nn 0

a
Feeder

Source

Load

Per- phase equivalent circuit

(Phase a)

Va 'n
Van
V
IaA

AN
Z s Z f ZL Z f Z L
ZL

1 120 I

IbB 1 120 IaA

o

IcC

aA

Load Consumed Complex power calculatio n

SL 1 S sa VAN IaA *
SL 3 3SL 1

Source Delivered Complex power calculatio n

S s 1 S sa Van IaA *
S s 3 3S s 1

Feeder Power Loss Calculatio n

S f3 3 IaA Z f
2

Complex Power Balance

S s3 SL 3 S f 3

Anaysis of three-phase balanced systems with Delta connected

Source(s) and/or Delta connected load(s)

Possible Configurations

Simple
Y connected source-Y connected load (Already Analyzed)
Y connected source-Delta connected load
Delta connected source-Y connected load
Delta connected source-Delta connected load
General case
Combination of Y and Delta connected Sources- Combination of Y and delta
connected loads

Source (Y)-Load (Y)

Source

Feeder

Va'n

Load

Vb'n

c
Vc'n n

b
b

C
N

Source (Y)-Load ()

a
Feeder
Source

Load

Va'n

B
Vb'n

c
Vc'n

b
C

Source ()-Load (Y)

a
Source

Feeder

Load

c
Source ()-Load ()

a
Source

Feeder

Load

Analysis of Balanced Three-phase system with Delta connected

source(s) and/or Delta Connected loads
Equivalent Y

Connected
source(s)

Connected
source(s)

Va 'n 30o Vab '

3

Vb 'n 30o Vbc ' 1 120o Va 'n

3

Z sYeq

Z s Rs
X

j s
3
3
3

Vc 'n 30o Vca ' 1 120o Va 'n

3

Equivalent Threephase systems

with all elements
represented by
their Y equivalent

Per-phase
Equivalent system
Equivalent Y

Connected
load(s)

Connected
v Load(s)
Z LYeq

X
Z L R
v j
3
3
3

Voltage,current,
power calculations

Transformation of delta connected load to its Wye (Y) equivalent

A

Z LYeq

X
Z L R
v j
3
3
3

B
N
C

Transformation of Delta connected Source to its Wye(Y) equivalent

a
1

a
Va 'n
30o Vab '
Vb 'n

Vc 'n

30o Vbc ' 1 120o Va 'n

3

1
v
o
30o V
ca ' 1 120 Va 'n
3

Z sYeq

Z s Rs
X

j s
3
3
3

a
Va'n

c
Vc'n

Vb'n

b
c