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Page 44

SELF-PACED TRAINING TEST INSTRUCTIONS


Note: For the fastest response, we suggest that you take the test online at the
Learning Center section of the:
www.accessfreightliner.com
website. The test results will appear immediately after you submit your test. You
can then print your certificate on your printer.
If you experience problems logging on, please contact the computer Help Desk at 503745-8220 for Freightliner LLC or 503-745-6211 for Sterling/Western Star.
HOW TO TAKE THIS TEST:
This is an open book test. You can use your text and any other reference resource.
Remove the answer sheet from the back of this book.
Print your Identification Code (your First Name, Last Name and the last
four digits of your social security number or SIN) and your dealer code
or address.
Completely fill in the appropriate bubble for each answer.
Examples:
Good

1. A B C D e

Not Good

1. A B C D e

Photocopies of the blank answer sheet must be clean and EXACTLY the
same size as the original.
FAXING YOUR ANSWER SHEET:
Faxing your answer sheet is the preferred method. Set your fax machine to FINE
resolution (200 dpi). Make sure that the paper feeds straight into the machine, top
of page first. Save your original in case something goes wrong.

Fax to: 503-745-7325


MAILING YOUR ANSWER SHEET: +
Upon completion of the test, make (and keep) a copy of your answer sheet. Use
the enclosed business reply envelope or send the original to:
Freightliner LLC, CII-SDF
P.O. Box 3849
Portland, OR 97208-3849
Successful completion will be recorded and tracked by the Service Development
Department.
If your score is 85% or higher a Certificate of Completion will be sent to your
Dealership.
If your score is less than 85%, you will be notified that you need to retake the test.
NOTE: You will not pass the test if the answer sheet is filled in incorrectly.

Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


MARK YOUR CHOICE ON THE ANSWER SHEET
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BASIC ELECTICITY: Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


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Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


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BASIC ELECTICITY: Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


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Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


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BASIC ELECTICITY: Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


MARK YOUR CHOICE ON THE ANSWER SHEET
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Volts, Ohms & Amps TEST


MARK YOUR CHOICE ON THE ANSWER SHEET

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