Name: _____________________

World History
Transformations in Europe
Part 1: Answer the following questions by selecting the correct answer to the questions below (1 point
each).
a. Renaissance
b. Reformation
c. Scientific Revolution
d. social contract

e. vernacular
ab. excommunication
ac. heliocentric theory
ad. natural rights

ae. secular
bc. Protestant
bd. Enlightenment
be. separation of powers

1. The division of powers among branches of government is called ____________________.

2. Rights that belong to people by nature are ____________, simply because they are human beings.
3. The native language of a people, region, or country would be their _______________.
4. John Locke argued that a _______________, or an agreement in which people give power to the a
government in returns for its protection, is best to preserve peoples natural rights.
5. Humanism was a philosophy that balanced religious faith with __________, or non-religious/worldly,
point of views.
6. The _____________ was an intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied scientific methods to
the study of society and government.
7. The __________ was a reform movement of the 1500s that split the Catholic Church and gave birth to
Protestant religion.
8. Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus offered the _______________which stated, the sun is the center
of solar system with Earth and the other planets revolving around it.
9. Beginning in the 1500s, natural philosophers used their powers of reasoning and observation to
understand laws of nature. This movement would be called the _________________.
10. Pope Leo X _____________, or expelled from the Catholic Church, Martin Luther because he
continued to teach heresy ideas.
11. Coming from the French word for rebirth, the _______________ was a flowering of culture based on
classical Greek and Roman ideas, which began in Italy around 1300 and later spread throughout Europe.
12. Those that joined Martin Luther in protesting against the church were known as ________________.
Part 2. Selected Response. Select the correct answer to the following questions (1 point each).
13. What change happened in Europe as a result of Gutenbergs printing innovation?
A. Far more books became readily available.
B. Processing metal became far more efficient.
C. Scholarship became concentrated in monasteries.
D. Latin became the common language of the people.

Name: _____________________
14. Money to support the arts in Renaissance Italy came primarily from
A. industry.
B. commerce.
C. agriculture.
D. construction.
15. The destruction of feudalism and the growth of urban workshops resulted in part from changes in
population caused by
A. new church policies.
B. new foods from America.
C. the bubonic plague.
D. the decline of universities.
16. The Renaissance artist most famous for his painting the Mona Lisa was
A. Michelangelo.
B. Idina Menzel
C. Leonardo da Vinci.
D. Raphael.
17. Humanist writers such as Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio emphasized
A. disbelief in a deity.
B. the beauty of nature.
C. scientific understanding.
D. the worth of the individual.
18. Indulgences were considered a sign of church corruption because they were
A. privileges given to priests.
B. pardons that people could buy.
C. violations of the vow of poverty.
D. arguments against church teachings.
19. Which reformer said that any Christian could read the Bible and understand Gods message?
A. Martin Luther
B. John Calvin
C. King Henry VIII
D. Desiderius Erasmus
20. The Council of Trent was part of the
A. Reformation.
B. Scientific Revolution.
C. Renaissance.
D. Counter-Reformation.
21. When sea voyages began to require sailing out of sight of land, this encouraged a growing interest in
A. chemistry of salt water.
B. biology for deep-sea fishing.
C. astronomy for navigation.
D. physics of ocean currents.
22. Isaac Newtons Principia explained
A. the Scientific Method.
B. the value of experimentation.
C. the limits of human reason.
D. the laws of gravity and motion.

Name: _____________________
23. How did Galileo Galilei contribute to Copernicus' heliocentric theory?
A. He convinced the Catholic Church that Copernicus' theory was accurate.
B. His mathematical equations modeled the movement of the planets around the sun.
C. He directly collaborated with Copernicus in the development of the theory.
D. His observations of the sky with a telescope supported the heliocentric model.
24. Inspired by the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment thinkers believed that
A. dictators learn from their experience.
B. natural laws influence human society.
C. society matters more than individuals.
D. nature is beyond human understanding.
25. How did Copernicus' ideas affect European society in his lifetime?
A. They were condemned as heretical.
B. They were largely ignored.
C. They created an immediate revolution in scientific thought.
D. They were widely circulated throughout Europe.
26. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued for
A. building a global industrial empire.
B. a free market based on competition.
C. a national policy to accumulate gold.
D. allowing colonies to be independent.
27. The Enlightenment overall promoted an attitude of
A. piety.
B. anger.
C. cynicism.
D. optimism.
USE THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS PHOTO ON THE FRONT BOARD TO ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (2 points each)
28. This painting depicts ancient Greek and Roman thinkers alongside the artists and thinkers of the
Renaissance. It illustrates Renaissance interest in
A. the religious cults of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
B. classical Roman and Greek philosophy.
C. the painting techniques of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
D. the ritual of the early Christian church.
29. Which feature of Renaissance art can be seen in this painting?
A. use of perspective
B. idealization of nature
C. use of abstraction
D. revival of the Medieval style
30. This painting is located in the Vatican in Rome, Italy. What was one reason why the Renaissance began
in Italy?
A. Italy had connections to Britain and France, where classical texts had been preserved.
B. Italy was the most technologically advanced society in the West.
C. Italy was the only region in Europe where scholarship was conducted in the vernacular.
D. Italians were surrounded by the remnants of classical Rome, stimulating interest in the past.

Name: _____________________
31. In the School of Athens human beings are depicted
A. as ideal types instead of individuals.
B. as demi-gods.
C. with realism and detail.
D. in a sacrilegious manner.
32. Draw a descriptive picture that represents what the following person theorized. Label the picture. NO
COLOR IS NEEDED. Be accurate, neat and explain when necessary. (5 points)
Ptolemy

Exploring the Essential Question: What ideas transformed Europe in the early modern era? (3points)
Identify one new idea from the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, or the Enlightenment. Write a letter
to a newspaper editor of that period, describing the new idea and why people should adopt it. Your letter
should include:
a clear statement of the new idea.
a brief indication of the old idea or approach it is replacing.
benefits to the individual and/or society to be gained by adopting the new idea
Dear, ____________________

Sincerely,