HISTORIOGRAPHY. Modern historians of phare ‘rie ppt have aually follewced 3 mera) pertain lon based em the idea of the centrality of the monarchy fo Eeypis story. Thus, Besproloeists have general Diriiers—and have clustered thers into a broad schema, She Early Dymastie for Archie) perio (ayasites Ima ‘he Old Kingdom (dvastier 3-0), Fst Invermodsaue Pe Hod tdreaty Toroid-dyaasty 11), Middle Kingdom (ratd- ‘Srnesty tt-dynauty 13), Second intermediate Portod ey ‘nastics 14015), Now Kingdom falymasties 18-20). Third Intermediate Perved {dynastics 21-25). and, the catchall lhct er she taut conturtes of pharaonie history hast pri taille Comgucs by Alcrancier Ure Greats the Late period Miynantcs 0-90 far 31D. Recently recopmicing that the ‘inilicatson of Egyps around the ondof the Four millen- ‘lum nee proceeded over same persed ef tiene rather tsa ein the sok angle conquering rater some scholar Fave employed the device of s Dynasty "Oto incorporate {his reality nto the traditional ayrastic sequence. "Foa surprising extent, ths broad outline owes ite main features to the Egyptians’ own sense of ter countrys pati timein general bon with the ordering of the in ‘Sore by a primordial crester'ged.unterisng in the “time [te Go then “era me ex th Se emer Ey that cae to Reocsone decent TE mete nn af qe cournc order embedded $0 TONES tniverse.Althoush the names for the varios Sadome ae sermedianepovncs are aus se bani ndicne im his Rumerary cult tempte acrose the Nile from Tc the mated Hennones ven 9 woes of tte Shatuer of chevon predoconars—Oucer: Hatshepeat ana {Eo kena pharophc have econne“pempeaon ashe the New Kingdom. Only two roxal fgures precede these Rttaarchs Mens, the traditional founder of the tnd Ringship of Upper md. Lower Eaypes ond Nebhepetrs Momutote Iv regarded az the restorer of unity” that Sided! the Fiee Intermediate Period. This ts the ancien! fovoiype (or the noton of thre fireat eros ti ESyPa isto as sen fom the santas point of the mineteenih dynam Islands tn contrast to the Hot of Kings ithe {Enple bepun by Rasesses Te tather Sey 1. at Abrdon there fosher aed wom ravtewe the cartauces (nya marne ings) of a large, but eared md therefore incomplete, lis [tings going back to Memes but wna any tiation incermmediote pevods is likewice a reflection of the ancient ‘View that, bocruse they lnchod a sirang central monarchs. Wir srine separating the Old ned huddle atadoene and the Middle and New Kinadorns were eras of disruption. {Chil unrest, aod Forsign invasion in short a Kind of Tilting this vision as though in were tera itorially (Gus muther thaa an ancient ideological vision.) hve ost ‘teal example of the rncsemt Bappeses sorae of pried Sisiom comes im the great Harris Papsrus Grats the tine (SP Ramenscs Il; the second king af the fwertieth dynasty Dr the nineteenth dvmanaty and his father’ wsurpation of ower “The land af Eeype had boon cast adel each mat Frown standaed: They were sothout « chief for mam ‘ears, trom the former period Ure = a block of tiene nor ‘mally the repnal ported oF m King) 0 the net, the laid fertan thas period sroweEeeloumene. Then he reports “Another peri (hss) ensue. consisting of 'empey year= (eu of ng ceneaquencey: 2 Syraam named L-rew (a se ‘nace ena} there prince al eae the tl eb {ary to himectf” Then the gods designated Sethnakite ‘Kamonses father, t0 set things right, and neve unihod. Saints pein ren ant const hy Rao ‘We awe the modern schema of dynutsics to a third: ‘century nce Exyptian priest named Manceho sho. under “stshutlvas wf Cepia timc spans” Exe more peobleeratc inthe tact that Mano eas a titi of hie sumer per (proginced "Erne chroneiony wich in ive bate coe as emertially cocval with the ninth and temth, rather tam ‘har succenon tis dynisele schema fe easel Protntspets) he sua, ancl it tcerpurates the Exypton ‘ca ih cash Ain since fi pacecoo ft ae th underpunming the Icialogy sf she Egyptian sors Stow then ue sow fuse ccomingty tmoompatiohe i op time. cach monarch is a discrete historical entity enger surpauing his predeceenars tn exiendina Earp from ‘in dinplays af pect tomsrd the pede, er tn rma (Sat na debe be samme that of his arom pede it Wes siceenaton ap the teens of val Hh wives fo roo ec tnpeta coe ‘2rPt of time tn the foremulanion ated tn of the apa ae LS tans cee tmectpntoms wos coo. Sany to Lecp an accurate sequence wf sears for cinch Pur [omen as will conaracts. rentals. and wont greeters Sons ofthe pamoge Of years spomthe- and savy tn onde that they woul be effective lopaly nd scones ‘was coment Early in the nineteenth dorasty 2 certate egal cane hone route went back same tee Io the pre deecicon ntehinenit Srey requnse shos Une segpecien a curs fromm the orginal vighiceay Gvmauty nerecment ‘Shun tenths Hime of the due hao be unbaked tse “hte Ainarna succemniry would be salerated, 3 errata Sai iberioee ae thas Cara ot Aheraten™ tcrveming years I the wane of Oucen Hatshepsut. mo such ‘device wat nocded. since hor toetysoneryear sche Bet ‘within the lity-fourvearreigm uf her warepent, Those IML and wo there were no lon years to be eal wih The Paiarme Stans. inter=ting!y emcugh: imaldes propo tnnamed rulers of the ers betore Mees. tepasdng therm feencrally neflecting @ potion of a golden geshould be noted that the Exyptians never davied fore dependent on a compicte int af zeanal soars rather Ite the archon Ite of Athen or the coneuinr fast of ‘operations as locating sn evant or cio in the ot cale ‘Siasing the duration si scane activist process, des ite cote pvt: Aol shal ceed eect ced Cag a ere SRE Bo sae ha metal netietrtnc rea ancnee Seve een ere cera oe ee akan ae et shea chanendatn, Poet tGiremsin and Shera Gocarth ct wert ech senso cme fur Ey tnomthe the 265-059 cae sities year heading in Journal: Hedger or daybook lack FEYT Restanines in the Wenn tdtson with Herodon CRAG Tutus and tll mcr in Asia a benst Stis-c'90 ave). they monethateas had a profound Interest Solahe pest, Fist and foremont. the Eayptions regarded She put nthe epattory stall knowledge and Wwtedorn ‘The basic Forme and muodcie were tonight to go back 10 the promendsal ona the First Tie"), OF at least trot Saf earh: hme. Thus.a number of medical texts, teas ‘Grea Yor thes alleged eficney, were said to have Been set enable to inecaigatian im the ancient books and as thought to be ecfal. The Ramensid author of Papyras (hows as tomes, but reminds his reader sha krawlede thd'adiian are made permanent im books. that #15 ages of the past The auihor meniions a group fancicn Sed te mou mo oats whe ear Nec to the worth ef their words and wo their great wallae SSicathers fie yume: A Seria phy shite ta ‘ould happen in ve farure- The prediction of the future Br'Es atenbute o¢ knowiogeae mon became Merary ‘oti Gree Mule Kream tae at ithe ime of Ki ‘Kula (lourth dynasty) has a sage predict for that riley to the raler af the fith: dymaets: tm another such stow. & twiesble priest gins tte a trance and predicts for [petsod of lmwlesstess anal sactal disruption, a King wall ‘Some teasly Amencmet ff the twelfth dynsety) tore Fi of historical hindsight, but subordinate shat might Fave eon wtten as hist the far mone potent techs ‘one of placing. edicts Of the fore tote weet ‘nbtorical portods. The fret predictiom sale sin efits some potion of dynasty.2 concep! nat Teticds ut least part some featutes ofthe Turin Canon. ‘CT RiEh themes for certain rulers—Djoser oF he thins ‘Brnasty being the clearest exarmple-—are marked in cel Waite Sctfectve’ imerprctation of the past t been from our Eeyptian sources, they were nomesietes ber SSE Gitekblimatton of cerain kinds of eveats. Miltary SSaae were surtbotdble wo the divinity of the king and SAREGiinc citer tamunRe, oie). The breakgown «ot Shae onder described above by Ramesses I was de 10 itgecls having turned away orn Exypt, and Whe westora Hon go the return af divine tava. "te testimonies iter a ot te desire to or Riuerwaset one of the sons of Ramesses Tl was sad ‘Sihace wandered though the torts to fea what thet Somers aughe repert Sw the pene King Neferhotpe tf {he thitcemhy dymasty Consulted the records n the temple or Onin at Abyaos i order to learn the proper prose ‘Shinswred ber oum achievements with those of hur prede SSobe Ted conctuded trar such donds hers at “ho Scorn clair to have delved inte the records of the priests and to have, lenened everything that happen Elnce "ihe Brat urme The Mabe Kingdom west Khate heperescact clans 10 have ansved at is views of Hie fom what he ad sce tpresumatbly in the records) {rors [Sime n sur attention depends also om Bis compet un ‘Gea desire to say something news) The Nubian pharaoh Shatere teughth century mck) slams to ae Tur Sid wermmeston txt in the prestly brary andl ms at act St peg: had it comiad-—cih the lacunae —onto-s piece of Stone ihe famous Alemphite Thenlogsy This may be ® Kind of conceit ta gic the suark the weneer af extant ‘Soce great clfart was taken to make the text appear 12 Shei the Old Kingdom It dose not matiee whether these “Sidine are Peel ene the peat te that te pant was Teal nd there were important things to be learned thor ‘Room fs once again validated by reference to Hs SERIA Stay nicest nepecinion An any Sephari onthe archeokogaral warts has fc cay to icotr resance othe fal ramac of wurvnang domes, Ss ee ee eee Sie camtcine lames tor come tne ie es Romwenee ‘Satine cae tency totane the sourten tow ar ono face vahag ham pc way to more wophntenend appreta: Son Sf the aides anendant Su the site oan tecad spectra at diners appronsncs have beer {ScRineparty Pecaune wet Egypte fm i SPACE nc pg ete Siew some earprctogias cingn ts Be meri to hes ce hevesly toler an tte bare nck to "ee fn nso at haps ae sat Spee atin cat eens ar The sine Bingraptys Calendar: Cheonatogy and Peri Kinttne: Manatees’ meh