1.

Concerning abnormal bleeding:

A. Oligomenorrhoea is the commonest reported symptom
B. Post-coital bleeding is generally more common than
intermenstrual bleeding
C. A definition of >80mls loss for menorrhagia is helpful in the
clinical management of patients
D. Dysmenorrhea has been shown to be more common in
women with menorrhagia
E. Reporting of menstrual symptoms has been shown to be
proportional to the heaviness of flow
(a) F (b) F (c) F (d) T (e) T

2.Regarding coagulation defects and menorrhagia:

(a) Women with menorrhagia should routinely be screened for
inherited coagulation defects
(b) Coagulation defects can be excluded where pelvic pathology has
been identified
(c) The commonest cause of menorrhagia-related coagulation
defect in Caucasians is inherited platelet dysfunction
(d) Von Willebrands disease is present in approximately 1% of
women with menorrhagia due to a coagulation defect
(e) Factor X deficiency is the commonest factor deficiency identified
(a) F (b) F (c) F (d) F

The following statement(s) is/are correct concerning abnormal uterine bleeding:

(a) In regular menorrhagia without structural abnormality on ultrasound, a
levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system may be inserted without the need
for a physical examination
(b) Testing for coagulation disorders (e.g. von Willebrand disease) is rarely
indicated be in women with menorrhagia since menarche
(c) Transvaginal ultrasound is more limited by obesity than the transabdominal
route
(d) A cut off endometrial thickness of 10-12 mm on transvaginal ultrasound,
dictates if further investigations are indicated in postmenopausal women
(e) Hysteroscopy should only be used as a diagnostic tool when ultrasound results
are inconclusive in postmenopausal women
(a) F (b) F (c) F (d) F (e) F

The following statement(s) is/are correct concerning abnormal

uterine bleeding
A. Deficiencies in local production of vasoconstrictors such as
endothelin-1 and PGE2 causes heavy menstrual bleeding
B. Increased local production prostacyclin causes heavy menstrual
bleeding
C. In the menstruation theories, thromboxane causes
vasodilatation and aggregation of platelets
D. Tranexamic acid for treatment of AUB acts by irreversibly
binding lysine binding sites on plasminogen
F T FF