Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Gravimetric
Gap meter
Venturi
Enlargement
Orifice
Bend
reading
t1
t2
t3
h1
h2
h1
h2
h1
h2
h1
h2
units
4
8
12
16
20
kg
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Students to adjust the flowrate so that the gap meter measures 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 units, determing the gravimetric volume flow-rate
and recording the upstream and downstream pressures for the Venturi, enlargement, orifice and bend each time.
1. GRAVIMETRIC
Gap meter
reading
Qgap
Gravimetric
taverage
QHB
units
l/s
s
l/s
4
QHB = (m / ) / taverage
8
12
m = mass (kg), = density (kg / m3), taverage = (t1 + t2 + t3) / 3 (s)
16
20
Students to plot QHB (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) should be 1.0 if the gap meter is calibrated
correctly
2. VENTURI
Gap meter
Venturi
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
QT
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
mm
mm
l/s
Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Q gap =
QA)
3. SUDDEN ENLARGEMENT
Gap meter
Sudden Enlargement
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
V12 / 2 g
V22 / 2 g
Losses
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Vn = Q / An; An = Dn2 / 4
D1 = 0.026 m, D2 = 0.051m
Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)
Orifice
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
QT
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
mm
mm
l/s
Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Qgap =
QA)
5. BEND
Gap meter
Bend
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
V12 / 2 g
V22 / 2 g
Losses
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Vn = Q / An; An = Dn2 / 4
D1 = 0.051 m, D2 = 0.040m
Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)
Dr J D Millington, UWE
October 2014
MEASURING FLOW
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
Gravimetric
Gap meter
Venturi
Enlargement
Orifice
Bend
reading
t1
t2
t3
h1
h2
h1
h2
h1
h2
h1
h2
units
4
8
12
16
20
kg
6
6
6
6
6
s
54.8
33.3
23.1
17.9
14.2
s
52.3
32.7
23.1
17.7
14.4
s
54.4
32.4
23.1
17.7
14.7
mm
295
300
314
336
369
mm
276
256
228
191
149
mm
294
295
303
318
336
mm
296
298
309
327
350
mm
292
296
310
331
363
mm
272
245
208
156
94
mm
275
254
226
187
142
mm
271
244
205
152
88
Students to adjust the flowrate so that the gap meter measures 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 units, determing the gravimetric volume flow-rate
and recording the upstream and downstream pressures for the Venturi, enlargement, orifice and bend each time.
1. GRAVIMETRIC
Gap meter
reading
Qgap
units
l/s
4
0.121
8
0.196
12
0.269
16
0.354
20
0.435
Students to plot QHB
0.5
Gravimetric
taverage
QHB
s
l/s
53.8
0.111
QHB = (m / ) / taverage
32.8
0.183
23.1
0.260
m = mass (kg), = density (kg / m3), taverage = (t1 + t2 + t3) / 3 (s)
17.8
0.338
14.4
0.416
(x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) should be 1.0 if the gap meter is calibrated
correctly
2. VENTURI
Gap meter
f(x) =
Q1.0484312973x
Q
HB
gap
0
0.111
0.183
0.260
0.338
0.416
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Venturi
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
QT
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
mm
295
300
314
336
369
mm
276
256
228
191
149
l/s
0.133
0.202
0.282
0.366
0.451
3. SUDDEN ENLARGEMENT
Gap meter
f(x) =Q0.9613988645x
Qgap
T
0
0.133
0.202
0.282
0.366
0.451
0.2
0.1
0
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
20
Sudden Enlargement
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
mm
294
295
303
318
336
mm
296
298
309
327
350
2
1
/2g
mm
2.647
6.946
13.084
22.659
34.214
V2 / 2 g
Losses
mm
0.179
0.469
0.884
1.531
2.311
mm
0.468
3.477
6.200
12.128
17.903
Vn = Q / An; An = Dn2 / 4
15
D1 = 0.026 m, D2 = 0.051m
10
0.4
0.3
Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Q gap =
QA)
f(x) = 0.5202166481x
V2/2g
losses
0
2.647
6.946
13.084
22.659
34.214
0
0.468
3.477
6.200
12.128
17.903
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.5
Orifice
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
QT
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
mm
292
296
310
331
363
mm
272
245
208
156
94
l/s
0.199
0.318
0.450
0.589
0.730
f(x) =
Q0.599579618x
Q
0.4
gap
0
0.199
0.318
0.450
0.589
0.730
0.3
Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Q gap =
QA)
Dr J D Millington, UWE
0.4
0.2
0.1
0
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
October 2014
0.2
MEASURING FLOW
Students to plot QT (x-axis) against Qgap (y-axis); the gradient of this line (intercept at 0,0) is the discharge coefficient (assuming Q gap =
QA)
5. BEND
Gap meter
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
60
Bend
reading
Qgap
h1
h2
units
4
8
12
16
20
l/s
0.121
0.196
0.269
0.354
0.435
mm
275
254
226
187
142
mm
271
244
205
152
88
2
1
/2g
mm
0.179
0.469
0.884
1.531
2.311
V2 / 2 g
Losses
mm
0.473
1.240
2.336
4.045
6.107
mm
3.706
9.229
19.548
32.486
50.204
Vn = Q / An; An = Dn2 / 4
D1 = 0.051 m, D2 = 0.040m
Losses = (h1 + V12/2g)-(h2+V22/2g)
Dr J D Millington, UWE
0.1
50
/ 2 g losses
f(x) = V
8.1618740001x
2
2
40
0
0.473
1.240
2.336
4.045
6.107
30
20
10
0
3.706
9.229
19.548
32.486
50.204
0
0
October 2014