Voice : Active and Passive

1, Voice ---- the relation between the

agent (the one who does the action) and
the action(verb).
2, Active --- the subject performs the
action of the verb.
Eg : He writes this essay.
3, Passive--- something is done to the
subject.
Eg: This essay is written by him.

Active

Passive

Time
reference

1. They make Fords in

Cologne

Fords are made in Cologne.

Simple
Present

2, Rita is cooking
dinner.

Dinner is being cooked by Rita

Present
continuous

3, They have produced Twenty models have been

over 20 models in the produced in the past two years.
past two years.

Present
perfect

4, Charles Dickens
wrote David
Copperfield

David Copperfield was written

by Charles Dickens

Simple past

5, They were painting

the house when I
arrived.

The house was being painted

when I arrived.

Past
continuous

6, She had completed

the work.

The work had been completed

by her.

Past perfect

7, I will do it.

Simple future
It will be done.

8, She would give the

book to you.

The book would be given to you Conditional

by her.

Tenses

1, Present: He eats an icecream.

2, Past: He ate an ice-cream.

3, Future: He will eat an ice-cream.

Presen
t

Past

1,
He works
Simple hard.
presen
t

Simple
Past

He worked Simple
hard.
future

He will
work hard.

2,
He is working
Presen hard.
t
contin
uous

Past
continuou
s

He was
working
hard.

Future
continuou
s

He will be
working
hard.

3,
He has
Presen worked hard.
t
perfec
t.
He has been
working hard.
4,

Past
perfect

He had
worked
hard.

Future
perfect

He will
have
worked
hard.

Presen
t
perfec

Past
perfect
continuou
s

Future

He had
been
working
hard.

Future
perfect
continuou
s

He will
have been
working
hard.

Preposition : shows the relationship between

2 objects, things, persons, conditions etc.

Examine the following sentences:

1,The book is on the table.

2, The cat is under the chair.
3, The bookcase is beside the table.
4, The child is away from the dog.

Position of a
pronoun

Examples

Before a Question

1, To whom are you talking?

2,

Before a noun or
pronoun

In which class do you read?

1, She is afraid of death.

2, There are many important characteristics
of compounds with ionic bonds.

Before a gerund

1, I am tired of doing the same thing over and

over again.
2, He was successful in completing the project
within the given time

After a verb

1, He is looking for his notebook.