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TableofContents:
Topic
MetricConversions:MetricStaircase
Lines,LineSegments,andRays
PolygonNames
ClassifyingTriangles
PropertiesofShapesdefinitionsof
property,perimeter,andarea
Properties,perimeterandareaTriangle
Properties,perimeterandarea
Parallelogram
Properties,perimeterandareaRectangle
Properties,perimeterandareaRhombus
Properties,perimeterandareaSquare
Properties,perimeterandareaTrapezoid
Properties,perimeterandareaCircles
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Page1
MetricConversions:MetricStaircase
TheMetricSystemisaninternationallyagreedupon
decimalsystemofmeasurementintroducedinFrancein
1799.
Scientistsneedauniversalwaytocommunicatedata(SI
Units)
AlmostallothercountriesbuttheUnitedStatesareusing
themetricsystem.
Page2
Prefix
kilo
hecto
deka
base
Meaning
thousand
(1000)
hundred
(100)
ten
(10)
ones
Length
kilometer
Mass
kilogram
Capacity
kiloliter
gram
liter
Page3
unit
deci
centi
milli
(1)
tenths
decimeter decigram deciliter
(0.1)
hundreths centimeter centigram centiliter
(0.01)
thousandth millimeter milligram milliliter
s
(0.001)
HowtoConvertbetweenUnits:
Howmanyspaces?
Thescaleofthemetricstaircaseisabase10sowhen
convertingunits,countthenumberofstepsyouneedto
move,andthenmovethedecimalthatnumberofsteps.
Whichdirection?
Whenyouaremovingupthestaircase,youaredividingby
factorsof10,somovethedecimaltotheleft.Whenyou
aremovingdownthestaircase,youaremultiplyingby
factorsof10,somovethedecimaltotheright.
UseDRULtoremember:DownRightUpLeft
SquaredUnits:
Ifyouareconvertingsquaredunitsforarea,youneedto
rememberthatthestepsareabase100(102),soforeach
stepmoved,youneedtomovethedecimal2places.
CubicUnits:Nottesteduntilgrade9
Page4
Ifyouareconvertingcubicunits(forvolume),youneedto
rememberthatthestepsareabase1000(103),soforeach
stepmoved,youneedtomovethedecimal3places.
Lines,LineSegments,andRays:
ALine:Alineextendsinfinitelyinbothdirections.
ALineSegment:Alinesegmentispartofalinewitha
definitestartingandstoppingpoint.
ARay:Arayextendsinfinitelyinonedirection.Itislike
halfaline.
PolygonNames
Polygon:Apolygonisanenclosedshapemadeupof
straightlines.
Page5
Regularpolygon:Allsidesandanglesareequal
Irregularpolygon:Sidesandanglesarenotequal
Sides
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Name
Triangle**seebelowforclassificationsoftriangles
Quadrilateral**seetypesinchartbelow.
Pentagon
Hexagon
Septagon/Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon
Hendecagon
Dodecagon
ClassifyingTriangles
BySides:Equilateral,Isosceles,Scalene
ByAngle:Acute,obtuse,right
PropertiesofShapes:
Page6
Property:Anattribute,quality,orcharacteristicofthe
shape.
Perimeter:Thedistancearoundapolygon.Measured
inunits(mm,cm,dm,m,dam,hm,km)
Area:Thesizeofthesurface.Theamountofspace
insidetheboundaryofaflat(2D)objectsuchasa
triangleorcircle.Measuredinsquareunits(mm2,cm2,
dm2,m2,dam2,hm2,km2).
Shape
Properties
Perimeter
Formula
Area
Formula
TRIANGLES
P s
Triangle
Athreesidedpolygon
bh
2
Perimeteris
thesumofall
sides.
OR
P:Perimeter
:sum
s:Sides
A:Area
b:base
h:height
1
A bh
2
*baseand
heightare
perpendicular
Page7
QUADRILATERALS
Parallelogram
P s
A bh
Perimeteris
thesumofall A:area
sides.
b:base
h:height
P:Perimeter
:sum
*baseand
pairsofoppositesidesareequal
s:Sides
heightare
oppositeanglesareequal
perpendicular
diagonalsbisecteachother
P s
Rectangle
allpropertiesofparallelograms
diagonalsareequal
allanglesare90
Perimeteris
thesumofall A:area
sides.
b:base
h:height
P:Perimeter
:sum
*baseand
s:Sides
heightare
perpendicular
P s
Rhombus
A bh
A bh
Perimeteris
thesumofall OR
sides.
d1(d2)
A
allpropertiesofparallelograms
allsidesarecongruent
diagonalsperpendicular(meet
at90)andbisectopposite
angles.
P:Perimeter
:sum
s:Sides
A:Area
b:base
h:height
d:diagonals
Page8
allpropertiesofparallelograms
allpropertiesofrectangles
allpropertiesoftheRhombus
**Thereforeasquareisa
specifictypeofrectangleand
rhombus.
Trapezoid
A bh
P s
Square
Perimeteris
thesumofall A:area
sides.
b:base
h:height
P:Perimeter
:sum
*baseand
s:Sides
heightare
perpendicular
P s
Perimeteris
thesumofall
sides.
P:Perimeter
:sum
s:Sides
h(b1 b2)
2
OR
1
A h(b1 b2)
2
A:Area
b1:base1
b2:base2
h:height
CIRCLES**Nottestedthisyear
Circle
**Circlesare
notpolygons
OR
C d
C 2 r
C:circumference
(perimeterofa
circle)
:pi(3.14159
etc)
d:diameter
r:radius
A r2
A:Area
:pi(3.14159
etc)
r:radius
Page9