Year 12 Term 1 Chemistry

Revision
1. Define the following terms
a. Equilibrium
b. Le Chateliers Principle
c. Particle Theory
2.

Write down the expression for Kc for reactions A, B, C and D.

3. At equilibrium at room temperature, [NO2(g)] = 1.60 M and [N2O4] = 0.20
M. Calculate the values of Kc(A) and Kc(B) and Kc(C).
4. Consider the reaction
to be at equilibrium with [NO2(g)]
= 1.60 M, [N2O4] = 0.20 M and Kc = 0.078.
a. Predict what will happen to this reaction if more NO2 is added so
that [NO2(g)] = 2.00 M?
b. Predict what will happen to this reaction if instead NO2 is removed
so that [NO2(g)] = 1.00 M?
5.

[NO2(g)] = 2.00 M and [N2O4(g)] = 0.20 M. These are

the initial concentrations. Using Kc = 0.078, solve for x and hence work
out the equilibrium values of [NO2(g)] and [N2O4(g)].
(Ans x = 0.070 M so [NO2(g)] = 1.86 M and [N2O4(g)] = 0.27 M)
(The second root is non-physical as it leads to a negative concentration for
NO2.)

6. A 15.75g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its
temperature changes from 25C to 175C. Calculate the specific heat
capacity of iron.
(Ans = 460 Jkg-1oC-1)
7. Calculate the specific heat capacity of a piece of wood if 1500.0 g of the
wood absorbs 67,500 joules of heat, and its temperature changes from
32C to 57C.
(Ans = 1800 Jkg-1oC-1)
8. For the reaction below, which change would cause the equilibrium to shift
to the right?
CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) CS2(g) + 4H2(g)
a. Decrease the concentration of dihydrogen sulfide.
b. Increase the pressure on the system.
c. Increase the temperature of the system.
d. Increase the concentration of carbon disulfide.
e. Decrease the concentration of methane.

9. What would happen to the position of the equilibrium when the following
changes are made to the reaction below?
2HgO(s) Hg(l) + O2(g)
f. HgO is added to the system.
g. The pressure on the system increases.
10.Predict the effect of decreasing the volume of the container for each
equilibrium.
h. 2H2O(g) + N2(g) 2H2(g) + 2NO(g)
i. SiO2(s) + 4HF(g) SiF4(g) + 2H2O(g)
j. CO(g) + H2(g) C(s) + H2O(g)
11.Predict the effect of decreasing the temperature on the position of the
following equilibria.
k. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) + 49.7 kJ
l. 2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) H = 37.2 kJ
m. CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) H = -27.6 kJ
12.How much energy is absorbed or released (identify which) when each of
the following reactions takes place? Use stoichiometric amounts in each
case (e.g. 1.0 mol of CH4 and 2.0 mol of O2 for problem #1)
a. CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
b. 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (g)
c. H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)
d. CH4 (g) + Cl2 (g) CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g)
The relevant bond energies are:
CH 414 kJ/mol
O==O 502 kJ/mol
C==O 730 kJ/mol
OH 464 kJ/mol
HH 435 kJ/mol
ClCl 243 kJ/mol
HCl 431 kJ/mol
CCl 331 kJ/mol
(Ans a) 656 kJ released b) 484 kJ released c) 184 kJ released d) 105 kJ released)
13.The CO(g) in water gas can be reacted further with H2O(g) in the so-called
water-gas shift reaction:
CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)
At 900 K, Keq = 1.56 for this reaction. A sample of water gas flowing over
coal at 900 K contains a 1:1 mole ratio (equimolar ratio) of CO(g) and
H2O(g), as well as 0.750 mol L1 H2(g) and CO2(g). This sample is placed in
a sealed container at 900 K and allowed to come to equilibrium. The
equilibrium concentration of CO(g) was 1.0M. What was the equilibrium
concentrations and the initial concentration of CO(g) and H2(g) in the
sample?
14.If 0.250 mol of HI(g) is introduced into a 2.00 L flask at 700 C, what will
be the concentration of I2(g) at equilibrium?
(Ans = 0.0139M)

15.What would happen to the Keq for the following reactions as the
temperature is increased?

16.Describe why haemoglobin in the lungs would prefer to bond with carbon
monoxide than oxygen.
17.Explain, using appropriate chemical equations, various treatments for
carbon monoxide poisoning.

18.

A fertiliser company produces ammonia on a large scale at a

temperature of 4500 C. The balanced equation below represents the
reaction that takes place in a sealed container.

To meet an increased demand for fertiliser, the management of the

company instructs their engineer to make the necessary adjustments to
increase the yield of ammonia.
In a trial run on a small scale in the laboratory, the engineer makes
adjustments to the TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE and CONCENTRATION of the
equilibrium mixture. The graphs below represent the results obtained.

19. Describe in detail how Le Chateliers Principle is used in the Haber-

Bosch Process for producing ammonia. Include necessary equations

and any opposing forces.