ECE330 Spring 2014

2.1

v(t ) = 100 cos 377t + 10 0 V => V =

i (t ) = cos 377t + 55 0 A => I =

1
2

100
2

10 0 V

55 0 A

Average power: P = VI cos( v i ) =

100 1

2 2
Power factor: PF = cos( v i ) = cos( 45 0 ) = 0.7071 leading
2.2

a) v(t ) = 100 cos 377t + 15 0 V => V =

100
2

cos 10 0 55 0 = 50 cos 45 0 = 35.36 W

15 0 V

i (t ) = 10 sin 377t + 45 0 = 10 cos 377t 45 0 = 10 cos 377t + 135 0 A => I =

Average real power: P =

100 10
2

100
2

75 0 V

i (t ) = 10 sin 377t + 15 0 = 10 cos 377t 75 0 = 10 cos 377t + 105 0 A => I =

Average real power: P =

100 10
2

135 0 A

cos 15 0 135 0 = 500 cos 120 0 = 250 W

b) v(t ) = 100 cos 377t 75 0 V => V =

10

10
2

105 0 A

cos 75 0 105 0 = 500 cos 180 0 = 500 W

c) v(t ) = 100 2 sin 377t 30 0 = 100 2 cos 120 0 V => V = 100 120 0 V

i (t ) = 10 2 cos 377t 60 0 A => I = 10 60 0 A

Average real power: P = 100 10 cos 120 0 + 60 0 = 1000 cos 60 0 = 500 W

Power factor: PF = cos( v i ) = cos 120 + 60

) = cos( 60 ) = 0.5 leading

0

d) v(t ) = 100 sin 377t + 30 0 = 100 cos 377t 60 0 V => V =

i (t ) = 10 sin 377t + 120 0 = 10 cos 377t + 30 0 A => I =

Average real power: P =

100 10

10
2

100
2

60 0 V

30 0 A

cos 60 0 30 0 = 500 cos 90 0 = 0 W

2 2
Power factor: PF = cos( v i ) = cos 60 0 30 0 = cos 90 0 = 0 leading (since i > v )

e) V = 10 + j10 = 10 245 0 V
I = 5 + j10 = 11.1863.43 0 A

Average real power: P = 10 2 11.18 cos 45 0 63.43 0 = 158.11 cos 18.43 0 = 150 W

Power factor: PF = cos( v i ) = cos 45 63.43 = cos 18.43 = 0.9487 leading

0

f) V = 100 j 90 = 134.54 41.99 0 V

I = 10 j10 = 10 2 45 0 A

Average real power: P = 134.54 10 2 cos 41.99 0 + 45 0 = 1902.7 cos 3.010 = 1900 W

Power factor: PF = cos( v i ) = cos 41.99 0 + 45 0 = cos 3.010 = 0.9986 lagging

g) V = 10 j10 = 10 2 135 0 V
I = 5 + j10 = 11.1863.43 0 A

Average real power: P = 10 2 11.18 cos 135 0 63.43 0 = 158.11 cos 161.57 0 = 150 W

2.8
Total current:
I = I 1 + I 2 = 50 j 40 + 50 + j 60 = 100 + j 20 = 101.9811.310 A
Complex power:
S = V I * = 2 (100)45 0 101.98 11.310

I1

I2

= 1442233.69 0 = 12000 + j8000 VA

Power factor:
PF = cos(45 0 11.310 ) = 0.832 lagging
2.9
Load 1:
S1 = 5 0.8 + j sin cos 1 (0.8) = 4 + j 3 kVA
Load 2:
P
S 2 = P2 + j 2 sin cos 1 (PF2 ) = 3 + j1.453 kVA
PF2
Total complex power:
S = S1 + S 2 = 4 + j 3 + 3 + j1.453 = 7 + j 4.453 kVA
S = 8.29632.46 0 kVA
Total current:
S 829632.46 0
I* = =
= 36.0732.46 0 A
0
V
2300
Hence,
I = 36.07 32.46 0 A
Power factor:
PF = cos 0 32.46 0 = 0.844 lagging

))

( (

Load 1

Load 2

))

2.10
Load 1:

P
S1 = P1 + j 1 sin cos 1 (PF1 ) = 8 + j 6 kVA
PF1
Load 2:
S 2 = 20(0.6 j sin (cos 1 (0.6 ))) = 12 j16 kVA
Load 3:
Z 3 = 2.5 + j 5 = 5.5963.430

is Feeder

L1

L2

L3

V
V2
250 2

S3 = V I = V = * =
= 1118063.435 0 = 5000 + j10000 VA
0
Z 3 5.59 63.435
Z3
Or S 3 = 5 + j10 kVA
Total complex power:
S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 8 + j 6 + 12 j16 + 5 + j10 = 25 + j 0 = 250 0 kVA
Total current for the load combination:
S 250000 0
I* = =
= 1000 0 A
0
V
2500
Therefore,
I = 1000 0 A
Source current:
i s (t ) = 2 (100) cos(2 60t ) = 2 (100) cos(377t ) A (is is the same as I)
Source voltage:
Vs = V + (0.1 + j1.0 )I = 250 + 10 + j100 = 278.5721.04 0 V
*
3

v s (t ) = 2 (278.57 ) cos 377t + 21.04 0 V

2.11
Load 1:
I
S1 = 250 0.5 + j sin cos 1 (0.5) = 125 + j 216.5 kVA
Load 2:
P
S 2 = P2 j 2 sin cos 1 (PF2 ) = 180 j135 kVA
L1
L2
L3
PF2
Load 3:
S 3 = 283 + j100 kVA
Total complex power:
S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 125 + j 216.5 + 180 j135 + 283 + j100 = 588 + j181.5 = 615.3717.154 0 kVA
Overall power factor:
PF = cos 17.154 0 = 0.955 lagging (since positive Q)
New reactive power:
P
588
Q' =
sin (cos 1 (PF ')) =
sin (cos 1 (0.8)) = 441 kVAR
'
0 .8
PF
Additional kVAR from capacitor:
Qcap = Q'Q = 441 181.5 = 622.5 kVAR

))

Special problem #1
Assuming load current phasor is I = 750 0 A. The voltage drop on the wire impedance is:
V f = 2 (0.05 + j 0.05)I = 7.5 + j 7.5 = 10.645 0 V
a) When the load power factor is unity, the load voltage can be expressed as
V L = 1200 0 = 120 + j 0 V
The required source voltage is then
Vs = V f + VL = 7.5 + j 7.5 + 120 + j 0 = 127.5 + j 7.5 = 127.73.366 0 V
with the RMS value of 127.7 V.
b) When the load power factor is 0.707 lagging, the load voltage can be expressed as

VL = 12045 0 = 84.85 + j84.85 V

Therefore,
Vs = V f + VL = 7.5 + j 7.5 + 84.85 + j84.85 = 92.35 + j 92.35 = 130.645 0
with the RMS value of 130.6 V.
c) When the load power factor is 0 leading, the load voltage can be expressed as
VL = 120 90 0 = 0 j120 V
Therefore,
Vs = V f + VL = 7.5 + j 7.5 + 0 j120 = 7.5 j112.5 = 112.75 86.186 0 V
with the RMS value of 112.75 V.
Special problem #2
Load 1:
I
S1 = 6 0.8 + j sin cos 1 (0.8) = 4.8 + j 3.6 kVA
Load 2:
P
S 2 = P2 + j 2 sin cos 1 (PF2 ) = 4 + j1.937 kVA
PF2
L1
L2
L3
Load 3:
S 3 = 240 13 + j 0 = 3.12 + j 0 kVA
a) Total complex power:
S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 4.8 + j 3.6 + 4 + j1.937 + 3.12 + j 0 = 11.92 + j 5.537 = 13.14324.916 0 kVA
b) Source current magnitude:
S 13143
I= =
= 54.76 A
V
240

))

c) New reactive power:

P
11.92
Q' =
sin cos 1 (PF ') =
sin cos 1 (0.95) = 3.918 kVAR
'
0.95
PF
Additional kVAR from capacitor:
Qcap = Q'Q = 3.918 5.537 = 1.619 kVAR