Blandford Colovr Series
Blandford Colour Series Tels scaly cwo hundred year nce man
frat et the ground and traveled through
the rina vehicle of his own design. His
terial carriage was only 2 eal, paper=
Covered craft with a buring braier at
{ie to provide the ho ai tha raised
fom the round; but rom sch humble
tenning stemmed the inspiration that
fasince eared Rim oto works beyood
Nsown
‘Aer bot air came hydrogen asthe lit
ing medium, and afer the fee balloon
Came te arhip, which could be powered
fed sere in fight. In 80 wel chon
ample this volume” iutate two
Centuries of progres i lghterthan-ait
fight, from "the Montgolier brother
original ‘loud in a paper bag of 178910
fe procardey_coumerpare flown by
sportsmen in many pare ofthe word
Tn between He the famony, the in-
famous and the almost unknown: great
ploneer name like Lebaudy, Chale and
Parcel; the giant Zeppelin airship that
operated the words fmt allie series
it rgto~tq before thee military rete
those “monster of the. purple wight
fained terror on London in the First
World Wary the great Italian polar a=
‘hips of the 1gzo; the balloon bombs
launched by Japan against the United
States in World War 4 beadie-maer
like the Hindenburg and Ror; the
mung. but highly succes imps
the US Navy: and many more.
“Theillstration are by Oo Frelloand
the book i edited by Kenneth Munson,
futhor of the Pocket Encylopacdia of
irra seria.
—@<«
‘The Pocket Encyclopaedia
of World Aircraft in Colour
BALLOONS AND
AIRSHIPS
1783-1973
by
LENNART EGE
Editor of the English edition
KENNETH MUNSON
from translation prepared by
ERIK HILDESHEIM
Mlustrated by
OTTO FRELLO
LONDON
BLANDFORD PRESS Firat English elton 1973
Reprinted 1974
alin xt @ tory Band Pre Lid
aitaar met
fo ©1973
Politikens Forlag A/S
cri
ISBN 0 7157 0568 X
Allright reserved. No past ofthis book may
‘be reprodced or transite in any frm or by
ny means, electron or mechanical, including
ecording or by any information storage
‘nd retical system, without permite in tng
‘om the publiber
SHROPSHIRE COUNTY. LIBRARY
01201180
“Text printed and books Bound in Great Britain by
atler & Tanoer Lad, Frome and London
‘Colour section printed in Denmark
4
{
PREFACE
‘The “World Aircraft in Color? series woukd be incomplete
‘without a book dealing with balloons and airships. This latest
“title in the series is therefore essential to the series and deals with
a fascinating subject. ,
different types of balloons and airships from 1783 up to
day ae illustrated and described in ths book, which
[presents an authentic cavalcade of the development of balloons
{ind airships down through the years. Iti not claimed to be a
t selection. Twice that number could easly have
een included, but the author has endeavoured to present in part,
| those balloons and airships which represent definite steps in the
| development of aeronautics generally and in part those which
"Jef their indelible impresions in that field, For the latter reason,
© this book includes some LTA (Lighter-Than-Ait) types that
previous publications dealing with this subject have not des-
great length. Tt should be obvious that a book om alt=
ships will to a great extent be dominated by two names which
feven today are synonymous with this type of aircraft: Zeppelin
land Goodyear.
‘This selection has been made, and the text written, by the
Danish aviation historian Lennart Ege; the color plates are the
work of artist Otto Frello. The compilation of this book would
have been a more difficult task if the Library of the Danish Air
Force, headed by librarian S. Aa. Jeppesen and located in
Varlose, had not made available its vast collection of rare
wolumes and series of old periodicals on this subject to both
author and artist. We are also expecially indebted to Mr C.
r, an engineer now residing in Copenhagen, who
‘Feceived his training on, and became a crew member of, the
airships Viktoria Luise, Hansa and Sachsen and the frst
naval airships 1, La and L 3, He willingly contributed
Authoritative, first-hand observations and information on their
Appearance, equipment and fates. Further valuable asistance,
both with regard to the selection of the aircraft to be dealt with
2
it
i
I and in supplying data about them, was rendered by: Colonel
RougevineBaville of the Musée de Air in Paris; Lieutenant-
Commander W. J. Tuck at the Science Museum in London;
managing director Diplom Kaufmann Peter Férster and library
manager Dr Exnst H. Berninger, of the Deutsches Museum in
“Munich; asistant director E. W. Robischon at the National
and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Lyle Schwilling, manager of Goodyear Aerospace Corporation,
‘Akron, Ohio; Curator Olay Wetting, of the Norwegina Tech
nical Museum in Oslo; flight instructor Johannes. "Thinesen,
Jakobsberg, Sweden; aviation historian Erik Hildesheim, Copen-
hhagen, and Mrs Milly Ege, Espengerde, Denmark. The work
of translation and revision necessary for the English edition was
undertaken by Mr Erik Hildesheim, an experienced aviation
and aviator who has flown with balloons and airships,
and who is well known as a writer in Europe and U.S.A. The
‘of the English edition is Mr Kenneth Munson, a specialist
writer on aireraft and the author of the other titles in this series.
BALLOONS AND AIRSHIPS
© ‘Throughout all periods of our civilisation, Man has concerned
himself with leaving terra firma and rising into the air. Even
thousands of years ago our ancestors, while roaming about
‘wearily, would stop for a moment eccasionally and lance sky-
‘wards in contemplation of the birds who flew about unhindered
‘and seemingly without effort.
‘There are innumerable tales and myths dealing with flying
and human beings in various shapes. Best known is undoubt-
edly the clasical legend from Greece which deals with the young
Tearus, who escaped from imprisonment by means of wings, the
feathers of which were fastened with wax. In his exuberant joy
‘over his recovered freedom, Icarus climbed too high and the
Theat from the sun melted the wax in his wings, causing him to
{ IRIN fe ts death in the waters which ctl recent years were
tamed the Icarian Sea, There are reports of a Chinese emperor,
Shun, who more than four thousand years ago also escaped from
his prison by fashioning himself a pair of bird's wings. A contem-
‘compatriot of his, Hik-Tse, became renowned primarily
| his sky travels. Among the Canadian Cree Indians reports are
Spread of one of thir be whofe in feather gate Even the
fn Peru had their Ayar-Utso who sprouted bird's wings.
Tn A Thousand and One Nights, one tale concerns a mechanical
fying horse ~ certainly a variation of the wellAnown flying
\ Tn our own latitudes there is the story about Wayland the
‘whose brother, Egil, procured him a ‘ilygil” (fight tunic)
‘ade from feather: procured from vultures. ‘The Finns have
their own unique Timarinen, who simply created a Fire Bird. In
‘Denmark the thunder god Thor flashes across the sky in fieree
‘competition with all sorts of winged wonders or monsters.
‘Numerous generations have reported boom and uproar, smoke
And stcam, but nothing definite enough to fix as the date of
‘Man's frst, genuine flight, Yet all these visions are no more
imaginary than the ‘weightles’ sky chariots that only a few years
‘ago invaded our newspapers, radio and televison sets as a
3 foretaste ofthe strange contraptions that wil carry coming gen~
‘erations into outer space.
Tn our search for something of any substance, we came across
1 French source which tells of a missionary who once found, in
archives in Peking, a report ofthe way the civilised nations of the
‘ast solved the problem of arial navigation by means of balloons,
‘eznturies before the Europeans. And herewith we approach the
Substance of the problem: there never has been a true fying
hhuman being and there will never be one. Man is defeated by
the fact that the weight of the human body is oxt of proportion
to its muscular suength. However ingenious the fying machine
schemes may be, they all have one defect in common: thei lack of|
‘8 mechanical. power source. Down through the years many
designs have been tried out. With some of these contraptions
Jjumps have been made from roof and towers; they usually
ended disastrouly.
Man's first idea was to copy the fight of birds, the ‘heavier-
than-ait’ principle. It had to be abandoned for a while and at
the beginning ofthe seventeenth century a new conception came
about: air travel had to be tackled on the ‘lighterthan-ai’ basis,
‘The French author Jean-Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac (1619~
1655) was one of the first to realise this possibility. Around 1650
he wrote some fiction novels about travels to the moon and the
sun. This prophetic Frenchman worked out these trips by means
‘of a girdle to which were fastened bottles filled with deve. As the
sunbeams heated the bottle thei content became lighter, so the
‘wearer of the girdle climbed skywards. Adjustment ofthe alutude
was very simple: one botle ~ or more ~ was simply smashed.
‘This method worked, in theory at least, because he was on the
right track even though he failed fally to realise the scope of his,
idea: the finding of a substance lighter than air. For arguments
sake he even mentioned some lightweight tanks that climbed
‘when smoke was produced inside them. Ifthe author had carried
his thought abit further, and had provided a hole in the bottom
of his tanks, right then and there we should have had our frst,
conception of the hotair balloon.
‘The Italian scientist Galileo (1554-1642) had already proved,
carly in the seventeenth century, that air has weight. He first
weighed some air-filled bottles, then the same ones again after
the air had been evacuated from them.
6
‘The Jesuit Father Francesco de Lana-Terai (1631-1687) from
"Brescia in Ttaly might be considered the proper inventor” of the
RR Gl
bbe supported spheres m: very thin copper
‘A’tacuum vas to be created in them tien, de na
et the vehicle should rise, for the spheres would weigh
Ie than the ar they displaced, This experiment was made pos
sible, at last in theory, thanks to the German physicist Otto von
"Gece (1600-166) fom Magdeburg, who in 10 bad per
fected the air pump (the ees semi-spheres’). De Lana
either
Bea a ects vs tyra nd
ever built; yet he pointed the way to a thriling application of
the principle which was discussed extensively and brought him
many honours.
Ta 1736 some rumours circulated in Europe to the effect that
Brazilian clergyman, Father Bartolome de Gusmto, had
fecende in an “ship. This was an exaggeration. Many’ years
tearlier, however, Gusmio had submitted his ideas on lighter-
Man-air fight to the Portuguese king, Johan V, who became
the first demonstration of its kind in history. It involved a light
‘wooden framework covered with paper below which a fire was
Kept burning. The later rumours referred to a more ambitious
design called the Passarola (Great Bird), whichis thought to have
Deen a passengcr-carrying nacelle intended to be raised aloft by
a large hot-air balloon. ‘There is no record that the Passarola
‘ever flew, but there isa remarkable similarity between its carriage
and that of a heavier-than-air convertiplane designed more than,
‘ century later by Sir George Cayley.
While these groping efforts to build a practical ‘airship’ were
{Going on, true scientists devoted much of their time to the study
ff the various gases. In 1766 the English chemist Henry Cavene
dish discovered hydrogen, originally known as ‘inflammable air’.
In 174 another Englishman, the natural scientist Dr Joseph
dealt with this new gas in a treatise onthe strength of
‘Which Dr Joseph Black (1728-1799) in Edinburgh conceived the
7 ‘mooring mas)
2. Gunners pltorm with speaking
vee
5 Uppar fixed ein wth rudder
ia val ore /ceoerve oe
4. Lower fed a fin with udder
1, Water bales lene
Propeller on ear
11; Combined bufer and flotation bag
ANATOMY OF THE AIRSHIP
ne_inzaision
5 Buren od parm for prshse
i to srahip hall
His Ran sow showing fred. bor
Sontal tal surfaces and elevators
ee
ee
fovrenr cbt gunner poe
to, Water alas (or
last (or emergency
‘elese)
2
ry running. fall length
22. Fastanks
2B, Wier tht fru in
‘manoeuvring the rsp
24, Grow accommodation
35. Otters messandeabine
26, Water bullae Yor’ wie fa man-
Seuveing the airs
a7. Water Sballaee (or emergency
alee)
128, Pasay for entry from moor.
Ing mt al sectons of airship
ye idea that when confined within a sufficiently light cover the
latter would rise. Tt struck an Italian who lived in England,
‘Tiberius Cavallo, that it should be posible to demonstrate the
correctness of this theory in a tangible manner. He id not suc-
ceed, though, for he lacked sufficient technical skill to make
fan impregnated gas-tight balloon envelope. Instead the scene
shifted to France, where the world was soon to witness the system-
atic and purposeful work of two. men who transformed the
‘theories about the various gases ino a practical result, They were
the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfir from Vidalonles-
Annonay near Lyons, who were theft to prodice man-
carrying hotair alloon. This type is called the Montgolite,
after them, re be
| Once Man had succeeded in producing a practical balloon
it was only natural that his attention should next be directed
towards tuning it into a genuine aerial vehicle which could be
driven by sil power or by means of oars and be steered with a
rudder. It was soon realised that, to render a balloon di
(steerable) at all, t must advance at a higher speed than the air
surrounding it. No suitable means of propulsion being availabe,
the last years ofthe eighteenth century brought forward a great
‘number of weird propositions. They comprised schemes employ-
ing airscrews or complete driving wheels operated by brawny
‘men or even by horses. Other suggested means of propulsion
included hot-air or steam jet propulsion. Even the idea of employ-
ing trained birds as draught animals was advanced in all serious-
ness, Here eagles were the frst choice, but even pigeons had their
advocates. Among the ‘bid passage? ts may be mene
tioned Kayser in Vienna (1801), Mckntoch in London (1835)
and Madame Tesiore in Paris (1245).
Not everything was pure imaginative fancy. One voice ex-
pressing clearsighted conceptions also spoke out. It belonged to
the Englishman Sir George Cayley (1773-1057), one ofthe most
‘outstanding figures in the whole history of aeronautics. His con-
tributions in these fields are many and varied, Among the
problems tackled by him was the development of a real light-
‘weight steam or eompressed-air engine, even of the piston type.
But fora long time nobedy heeded his revolutionary, plonerng
‘Though Cayley remained the ignored ‘lonely swallow’,
sense soon began to prevail, and as carly as 1704 a
‘Pieutenant (later General) in the French Corps of Engincer,
“Jean-Baptiste Meusnier (1754-1793), presented plans for a bal-
“oon of elongated shape which would offer less resistance in
forward movement through the air. He also introduced a new
ion for maintaining the shape of the outer gartilled
‘envelope, as gas escaped through it, by means ofa smaller inner
fag termed the ‘allones’, which was to be filled with air supplied
| ffom a pump mounted in the car. ‘This ingenious principle has
Wi retiete ben adopted in al noe-rgid ant scmiigid seship.
The Meusnier airship was to have been driven by three large
. Suitably shaped propellers or airscrews had already
envisaged or tried out by such aeronauts a3 Alban, Blan
hard, Potain and Vallet. However, as already mentioned,
fuitable powerplant remained the problem. Steam engines were
fvailable, of course, but their performance was feeble and they
remained too heavy and chum for use ax ines. Meusnier
| faleulated that 60 men should be needed to drive his airship by
Inand at the necessary speed to render the rudder effective. This
‘would mean an airship of such large size as to make it impractical.
‘Yet Meusnir will be remembered forever asthe one who really
‘conceived the successful dirgible airship form.
“The first serious attempt to build a drigible airship was made
bby two Swiss, John Pauly and Durs Bag, living in England. In
3016-17 these two men ‘an airship with an envelope of
dolphin shape, made from gold-beate's skin and provided with
fa Ballonet, One interesting detail of their airship layout was a
fand:-filled box acting asa sliding scale inthe longitudinal ais of
the airship by which means the climb and descent vas to be
‘controlled. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in Germany was later
‘to adopt this method in his fist rigid airships. Pauly died while
the airship was being built and it was never completed.
"At that time airhips were always referred to a3 ‘diigible
Dalloons’. A really outstanding aiship model, built in 1850 by
the French watchmaker Pierre Jullien from’ Villejuif, outside
Paris, and demonstrated at an exhibition in the French capital,
flew excellently. It was powered by a clockwork engine which
‘rove two propellers placed on each side of the centr-line of the
airerat, In appearance it resembled very much the rigid Zep-
Pelin airhip of fifty years later. A fullsize Jullien airship was
_ said to have been built in 1952, but ifso its power-plant and fate
fare unknown. However, the results achieved with the Jullien
airship model proved an inspiration to the French engineer
Henei Giffard, who did succeed i producing a small and light
steam engine and thercby truly inaugurated the airship era,
‘The varied story of the development of the balloon and
the airship, with its abundant triumphs and failures, is told
in the type descriptions in the text that follow and is als illus
trated in the colour plates. It becomes evident that no balloon,
ascent was ever a routine matter, nor ever will be. And every
time an airship climbs skywards, be it in times of war or peace,
{hereigingamesphere on boards akin to that ofthe pioneering
ays.
‘The balloon has not become an anachronism; indeed it ssl
‘going strong’ today. At frst, balloons were used as an exhibition
stunt at publie displays. Later, they served scientists as reearch,
vehicles; were employed as instruments of war; and, more
happily, have become the attractive mounts of keen sportsmen.
By an odd chain of development ballooning, which began with
the hot-air type, has now traversed the full cirele until today a
‘moder version of the same type is used alongside the gas-filled
variety.
‘The future course of the airship is slightly more complicated
to plot. Admittedly, small non-rigid airships, mainly of Goodyear
‘manufacture, are sill to be seen used for advertising in the skies
of Europe and America; and as recently a8 March 1972 a
1925 ft (587m) long Goodyear advertising and ‘TV airship
named Europa was builtin the historical Cardington airship shed
in Bedfordshire. However, no really large passenger airship of
the rigid type has now been built for more than thirty years. It
is also a fact that the term ‘Zeppelin’ has become synonymous
with the concept of all large airships, and from as long ago as
World War 1 some sill associate these giant air monster with a
new and terrible form of warfare or with massive disasters. large
airships are ever to stage a comeback—and they still have their
advocates as well as their antagonists—it will most likely be as
pure cargo carriers.
Some of the present advocates of airship revival include voices
from out of the past, $0 to speak. They number, among others,
the former American airship commander, Admiral Charles E,
and Captain Max Pruss, the last master of LZ 129
The last moving spirit of the Zeppelin yards, Dr Hugo
(who died in 1954 at the age of 86) was, on the other
and, somewhat lest optimistic. But at Goodyear there are still
Jeading officials with implicit faith in large passenger-carrying
firships. Yet they all realise that if the airship is to compete with,
“he modern jet airliner at all it will be on the score of the con-
-enience that the former offers. In this hurried age of fast air
| fravel there still are people left who prefer restful travel at a
«ates principally circles in Great Beitain and Russia that now
propose the revival of ainip travel. The Soviet Union has
i needed to transport large quantities of cargo over grat
distances. In both countries much has been written, and dis-
~fussions have been held, of both the advantages and disadvan
tages of cargo airships, The belit is that they must be able to
leary useful loads of between 500 and 1,000 tons if there is to
‘be any justification for them at all.
“The advantages of the modern airship may be listed as follows:
| ts frame can today be made of plastics materials, and the gas
eels will be filled with helium. Today this element is available
in much larger quantities than formerly; and, what is still more
important, is now available outside the United States, which no
Tonger enjoys a monopoly of the gas. Conventional petrol and
‘diesel engines or atomic power could be used as powerplants,
‘when coupled to clectric generator that provide the current for
the electric motors which drive the propellers, they would have
Tower noise level. Because only very low starting and landing
‘speeds are involved, air contamination is also held to a mi
mum, These qualities, combined with an almost limites fight
uration, likewise spell increased safety. Finally, now that pas-
fenger, if carried, will travel for pleasure and sightseeing at low
Tevels, they can enjoy comfort to a degree hitherto unknown and
tumavailable in heavierthanvair craft. Such venels will move
About with unrestricted ease, at greater safety, throughout their
ait voyage.
To deal with the unavoidable drawbacks as well (which can
"never be entirely eliminated from pastenger accommodation or
cargo facilities), it must be pointed out thatthe modern airship
must necessarily be of large dimensions; lengths of about 1,475 ft
i : (450 m) have been mentioned. A giant hull of that nature ie not
‘meant for high altitude flying, and hence will be exposed to the
unstable weather conditions in the lower regions, such as strong
headwinds and ice formation. This in turn influences the question
‘of economical service which, above all, remains the decidi
factor. Thus the experts at present must investigate whether it is
‘cheaper overall to transport heavy and bulky stores in airships
rather than in surface vessels or aeroplanes, Optimistic calcula-
tions favour the airship, but something else must also be con-
sidered ~ and that is whether it will prove a paying proposition
to develop and build new airships unless they can be turned out
jn substantial numbers. Both the advocates and the adversaries
of the airship have advanced long rows of dry figures and finan
ree of the country, and was almost
ated om a large sale ia the now idle
Gare da Nerd and Gare. d'Orlens
‘allway statis in Par. The balloon
fevelopes were sewn by many of the
‘led’ focal seamsteess toon whale
fer materials were. available, then
Yamished and sapended fom the
‘Nation clings to dry. Sailors were
selected for it balloon pict taining
because, seb, from thie previo
hancling of aaling vemcs they were
ped
i
i
é
F
i
E
a
‘Teche, on 7 October 170, becase
is panengers were the very active
poldclan Léon” Gambetta tod bis
Fico and secretary, barrier Bugée
Spiller Gambetta was wounded i one
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reckon with the third clement at well
incorsderngfrure wari. In France
it rented in the eabltment of the
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charge of the Renard brie, Charles
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5, Wises ‘Adan? balloon
John Wine wat one ofthe outstanding
‘malloon pions nthe United State
He devoted 4g yeas of his lie to this
ranch of aeronautics, and wrote to
valuable volumes onthe abject. Wie
seat particulary interted im navigas
‘Jon fs the air and eld the conviction E
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‘When the Civil War in. America
Dogan in 106: several the beste
owe balloon plo there, Including
‘Profesor? Wise
by then}
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cae
they
‘caion
Ta” Mountain, an old hand’ at We have already reporied (see No. 13)
sing, himocl,” and. reporter that two" ‘Glasber
‘named Hye rom the Lous Radian Conwell, were the frst t0 elim in a
Ibeal newspaper. They founda favour’ ballon 'o an altede of more than
fable westerly wind, and when landing 90,000 (0,45.m)- The fist attempt
20 hows later on the
an ef Lake Onato, cle to
feoune of 1,109 mils (1,770). oF,
fina srnight lin, distance of about
atthe age ef'7i,thisinddagable Began 10 inhale the oxygen tintare
‘allen pot made his Tait when the balloon bad climbed to a
8
cent, rom St Louis, accompanied by iktade of 22970! (7,000 m) and,
local banker, George Burn, only simultancosly, optimistically
to disappear in Lake Michigan good portion ei sand
uy [power at well, 39 the tual weight of
Fa power plant was likely to have
m4
of 9t9R (2m) with maximum
ameter of graf (2m), emtig in
2 capeciey of 57494 cu (oo corm)
of gs. A lange galvanic battery p=
ltpweight othe alah came
to 23755 (1250.
One
fle pouibiticn Inthe “previous
fre have even een how Dupe
de Lime reread to manpower.
"At a Pars exibition in 1881 de
voted “to clecttciy, an electrically
Akin “aiship model was demon
Strate. It had been conceived by the
‘Tisandicrbrothen, Gaston and Alert,
fod anit atraced mach attention they
decided to: bulla filsise airy.
They gave the envelope a length
le already attempted 10
si. whic to ein
‘entrance to Paris by air during tie
‘lege, but it war not completed until
a states in caper 47. The
1878, to oficer in the French agi:
‘ering Corps, Captains Charles Renard
(Ogp-tgos) and Artur Krebs com>
ved dng fran aiship. Fs they
bila small model which war demon
trated before the renowned
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‘Renard had pow demonstrated what
‘August 1878. By 1802 the Balloon
Eaquipment Store, asthe secon was
known, hod guna geeral recognition,
fad in October af that year was trans: {
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i ccribed se the
‘eal ylinder 459
‘og (12m) wide
‘Minot coneal nose
‘mils of today. The rear end
‘lighuy convex. Te had
of is75 (48m) and held
ful (3.700 cum) of
Structure was compored of
tubing covered bya
(2mm aluminium secting.
propellers were also made of alumin- 29 The Santos-Dumont series of
alloy; two were mounted, one on aleshipe
enc side and in foot of the Alberto” SantosDumont, the small
Ste id above andar the Beatin dcr, was witout any
(gondola. All ree were adjnable ‘one ofthe moat colourful ures
‘et contol of the mirsip. {athe lng gallery of scronatical
inhi pioneers. His family wealth sprang from
wells South American ofc plantation, bat
in von be hcl and worked mos ofthe
‘Sigel and was conducted during the time in and around Paris He footed the
i the bil Gr more than a dozen smal ire
l
i
ae
i
} but then mt in hire be remem
tered too that e never recived any
qomemest mpgs He sina Te
iulned an ndidulin. Tn the bok
that SanionDunont wrote, ented
1p inhi, he exprened cearighted
toes aboet too ofthe echnical we
{sw of hin day, the sinhip andthe
Ssmarine, whch he sated that under
Hele conon they could be deadly
Averati, with the former 8 satural
the later, if contonted.
Reo werkt war were Inter to rove
Iw eight he wa
“Around 1905 Sant Dumont ht i
sngre i ait and ewan fo devote
his anton to herierthan-ai cat
jnscad, and altbough he also sade
‘ome progres in Gat Bed Gee Power
‘irf gon 19.4 i hs se), he
emembered bet fr bis ealy ero:
Soe tthe ainhip
of No.
Veta 2496.0 (G23 can)
Lang: 1083 (33)
‘Mavi dian 1978 (60)
“Lifting copa 1,52 1b (630)
‘xg: One 12 hp. Buchet)
“SentorDumoat four-cylinder
water-cooled engine
‘the ballon Siw of $7,297 cult (1055
(cum) capacity. From 1895 to 1895 he
balloon rife leary away from the
port the teal-opes leaving broad
rake behind. Once the ballon dese
‘ee 9 low thatthe basket touched
the water, and the men had 19 drop
rmore than {4010 (200 kg) of their
‘alla. Now thee helpers lft
Uehind were bored to note hat most
cf the “important ballast ines had
‘een let behind on the shore. ‘They crit pigeon despatch Two tnilar Beri Ardhut Berson and Dr Reinhard
‘meager dried atbore with buoys in String, made = mumber of falloon
gg and 1900 repectvely, and were Ascenso high ates in the yare
BUTE
Hats 4
jE
iz
inal ger ame The set
developing tha ype gor smequvoally psi wrote an undiplonate meer
(Sie Gctoen Coot Feited Alot Ean “
rich vor, Zeppelin (1030-1917). thatthe Prin war eice donna
Hisaime han oreyrteeome so corly the army of Wortemberg. Afr that
famed wih ta ype ch snip ken Zap wes bmg, rae
tSmany people the wed Zappen has wath the German pero Wilco I,
Tecome synonymous with Tigi air. Gnd had torte wit a general rank
thipe sods ten wel a 2 common ‘Ara cian be now devoted wel
135 10 snip problema in caret. He die
layed mac every in overcoming the
aly olmacis tron hs way an
the tore ei advanced. ait
1 prj, and by 16 he ad rated
srcLing and he amma of Bo00
Relcumars for We foundation the
Hiydrogea. All components af the at-
framework were made o an
alloy ef zine and aluninium, and the
amework was covered wih. linen
{bic which was coated with a shrink
ing. culiloe vari ater termed
‘dope’. The bottom ofthe ll was rei
the two gondola, 85 (26 m) below
the hull and fom is entre postion
‘ould be pulled towards ether gondola
Diameter? 9048 (0
Bugis: Two 147 hip. Daimler
Yourcylinder taine’ petrol en:
‘Bes
‘ped: 174 mph (8 km/h)
Operation cling (dooretica)
31178 (a50 m) st Moison, and ly ive upto expec=
{ations fc, tamed to be by
‘waa the ne paripting in
TRanonuvres near Verdun wen, ring
{storm tore away from is moorings:
Iwas let sen over Ireland where one
cf is propaies dropped ‘and. was
found, shen disappeared inthe Alan
‘Ocean. Fortunately, the aiship had no
‘crew on board
Tebaudy-Jlliot Iter built the fol
lowing aethipe: Rpeli, delvered 0
the French Army in June 19085 Ruse,
to he order ofthe Raian goverament,
in May 1909; Liked forthe French
‘Army in August of the same year;
fie
ist
1 Tourblade propel.
‘This aintip, however, proved. too
‘lumey and was in vervice only a short “The Riau aeship was typical
exponent of the LebawiyJliot de>
Signe Te made te maiden voyage fom
{he yar in Molson, some tity miles
(so km) out Pari on 24 June 1008,
ad was accepted by the Preach Army
only sierrart, On 6 September
{hat year Te completed a nowsop
Might of 6} our duration covering
aj miles (200 km) at an average spend
ob igzae mph (30-35 kim). Alter
several other saccemil ight pb
Tig, wider the commana of Captains
‘Bois and leur, participated in the
altar mancrutre in Bourbonnais is
eral France, which begaa oa 9 Sep-
ember 1909. When on 35 September
the ainip let La Palise, northeast
of Vichy, to return ti bue at
‘Ghali Meudon, one ofthe propellers
‘broke and piereed the ballooa envelope:
Rupa plunge to We ground fom
fn akitade of 636 (200m) and was
‘Completely wrecked, and two aliens
were killed.
“Tn 1915 flit emigrated to America
where he became head of Goodeich's
{rea diviion and. signed. some
Small limps and various ebsevation
‘alloc.
Spedicaton ofthe ‘Répubtgoe!
Vale: 184573 eu (3.290 0)
Laih: 2152 18 (656 8),
ally for a Spanil ‘Torts Quevedo
‘Sebip that in March 1914 wat Sown
“0
of Vile de Paria?
Vetone* 2,330 cat (3,495 es)
il
a
=
ss
. x
cas eetos sone ee
Sueteck Picea as
Pern eee
a ee
See
‘The only airship built by Astra for 2 fan nee aes
er a Sloe
A re ee
3 = oa
ay oa
5 aie
ec eos taete
: Sin laeter
: oes eens
=. ee
~~ aoe ee
es So
ees, Se ee as
S
t
i
dl
ats
fey
é
i
3
fi
i
i
aft
nach
iting sped: 96m. (G0 km/h) |
Sra ie 4s 0
1 The British Acmy airship
‘Nall Secunda’ HE
tt
ie
wt
HH
fll
bettas]
sibel
Bly
HEHE
nein
the tt
Bi
£
ali { Hea 234
na
Hoh a TES
Bale (sce No. 4) and the’ working
‘bergen, which was the Bare ofthe expe. principle was the sume ia. both ine
:
‘Tong leather tube holding the more
tion which he desried in terme af
49
Aiton.” Here Wellman arrived with Sane. In Wellnan's ce it comprised
“America on 8 July 1996 accompanied by
fue chief mechanic, Melvin Vaniman, He considered thi an ingenious ioven-
| Nine weet laters ahip aed bad
| toa motor boat responding tothe radio
mesage
‘The iahip's ake was one-page
faggered. among these penetrating :
rocky frmatons for more than fur copy in the Sunday ediione of most
hurt before a landing could be efeted ‘pewapaper allover the world, and the
fn the ke, where the envelope was expectations fa happy ending t this
letatet by paling the ripping ‘venture ran high. Yer the plain crth
fas that druries was badly overloaded
{the sare, which everybody on Duar
the aihip well alive as go per cent
ofthe 1212 Bb (350g) heavy equl-
Deator “raged in the water. The
engines abo caused trouble. At 1.17
fon Saturday morning the ENV. cine
(overheated snd had to be stopped for
2 while. Later it broke down, come
Plely. The Lorraine engine likewise
Imalfanctoned. The lat report received
fn Adasie City Gom Ame a 145,
pam, was tthe eff that everything
fi
HE
i
it
ft
‘the
boat. "They could only erst that
f
i
3
i
j
i
rare
Hp
une
wllt
(TE
H
i
il
il
¥
‘made Wellman abandon his Beiish Royal Mail Sicamship Ca,
third attempt at reaching the Nort ‘bound for New York. Over the rai
Pole by airhip, for which the prepara- the aeamer declared is wilingne to
tions were already well advanced. Te ‘ime to the reat of the aed, and
‘sly fe to admit that if favoured ‘ther some dificalt manceuves the two
Tile tore by fate he might ths time ‘nels were finally pained clove to
Ihave suceeded
each other, Just as eric was aboot
ower i isboat the nove of the aie
and Pred Aubert: At 8.05 asm. the fine
46 the car, the ahi was righted again. 33. Maldwia' US. Miinry
i or na he cd of Wer War ony &
Beish EN.
ii py: sr (8 apsupeeanpe FTAA :
CEE eee
fella Gly ne,
HM ageaul lt
HaHa HEH ii Hu inert
HTH ay aii ie GET
ce
se fe est il
indy [Mss BI CiaHiH PHATE i “
fips spay] aqUyene
Hehe Ha ani
pedal Dita, eth iat
sun at eee nie il
TIE ita Pai an ii,
See dE
why if Hnid Lh
Her PU ae hg
ini Leuba ue
ah ; suEL aPHHE pel ceylinder water-cooled
Ufa lad 19/8891 (6,g00 ba)
Mazina sped: 40'5 mph. (78
pete
Operational cia: 5290 (1600)
(Grisng range: 62g miles (1,100 km)
rETPEETED THE
He alg
an sa ETIELY
apie Hizis
if Hird
al
HY
aff
|
=?
47 Tb (13,100 bg)
ph. (79 ‘On 1g Febreary 101! the engine
tesa began, but the actual tral sseent Zaliae dominated the aship fed (ce Sevieable ary aise serving sis
(of No (or Mayf, as this aiip had ‘Noag),and miliary production ofa lew. They were: D'drand, Chae
‘by now been wnetiialy named) had ‘hip was in an erbeyo state at the fagn, Lomein and Coun, a8 well a8
te ‘Becase of pall ‘Ghalai Meudon etablutment ouside Fars and Mongol, the lat two
‘aude ten Being fought i Paiament. Pay here ft had all bagun withthe now serving at tani asp. These
‘This concerned whieh country should Alp La Frame (see No 9) flnhipe now patrolled the seat and
te the approved supplier of hydrogen "This military centre of aeronautical hunted submarines, patcsary ia the
fe the aihip since national fctvts was of a similar nature to and towards the end
ton ofthat ga was isignlcant a the ‘te Drs experimental counterpart at of the war fom bases on the coast of
35 of the German Adniealty in 194 it
undeniable although “diferent” con
‘Stone prevailed in the ainbip divion
ff he “German Army, which then
‘lecady had felve unit att disposal.
‘oul the German Navy sated ts
emergency
Dried the bung
nhips of the
fed ere thie’
sing, the German
solely on
‘months ofthe war
‘number of
tana. During dhe night of 19-20 Janu
ary 95, Le
‘tthe fist
1gt4 tater made an endurance ight
no Het than 35 hour and. after
‘wards was approved and acepted
(fag tm) southeast of the Humber, ‘suring bs Crain range males (1100 ke)
40 Zeppelin 12.40 (Le)
‘The German Admiralty had priced
fa November 1914 that he ft large
Ainhigs of the Zepplin P-ype, with
2 em content of 059440 ct (9,000
16 as Specification of LZ go (10)
Volos: 136.533 cult (3,900
Length 99641 (63:5)
Diameter 6148 (18-7)
Enportant
{his respect the limitations of the alee
Ships were also apparent, as the pre:
‘aling weather condions, hindered
thew ects,
“The Chie ofthe General Staff ofthe
German Army, General of the Infantry
‘von Falkerayn, announced as early
(& October 1914 that be fatended 10
‘unch bombing aids agaist Eog-
Ind and siked for the co-operation of
the Geman Navy, Tnmedatly fl-
lowing the outbreak of war Preach
‘aeroplanes ad begun to bomb Ger
‘aan cts in sep to German air aids 4 PUTTERS ea Fea oe
Ht Hut ai a a a
AEE igual ul quit HH
THIGH ib iigiale
a i juries Hei
HHT RUH eT
: as] Herp PI BBG
ei ine it i ail i it HHL ne
ural suit tei at
tet Heuer el #
IE nani Lain
fein i
ti di
Hii bl
Hah 22d
inti [F :
ee i iit
ie i alle
nai ! al "
H
&
5
'
af
b
1
HetE
TELE
fled
ell
BE: :
Hail
That
i
i
3
i
i
E
1
&
u
de
a
I
|
I
E
|
i
F
;
i
é
:
F
E
E
fF
i
é
i
i
i
iE
i
i
(Gx
Legh 988 (08) So Canter dp of Crete where a under. Thre” aow fled item
itr go 99>) eee ee ‘em wa evga dered ls ett, h eee Carmen
Pager Se sok Mayinch | espe fw er gu eal teh {ception inom, Ea ext
if
iy
|
i
i
|
f AE Te A a
aku ha if raph Hanae ie Tis
b aati Hu hs ah taal Hay
teat dient Wal me
aun HASSE AM
Hei alirteu ain ete ir
elt it Blu li tile ey TH
penal a quleeaitayhy
Pag faqeiedg lel suvatit ta
Eh Sieh ia Hes
(OURS THM Gi ua Suey
HH baad diite SARA THE SHB
eat aaa ul
ane
He sCHRESIEl Rtg Gee tooled etry
Bae oa stata i
a4 i et tf ‘i
Ray ui
af
iia
iat
a Ht Betray
pecan teem
(190 km/hr)
iets
{er too lng, When he Golly developed
‘2 metal Famework of his own, made
tip f components of duralumin ting,
166
Sg, of the Caype, was ready for
service in February 1915. Tt wa the
German Navy's fest SchitteLane
fiship turned homeward) again ‘and
‘became so heavy inthe many weather
that i fled ‘relatively secondary theatre of
oe May 958
Aca ie plunged foto the sea between
{he Swed bland of Gotland andthe
town of Kurland in Renin The crew
‘war recued, bat the alhip was come
“Te las deign with a wooden ull
fiom the Schine-Lanz ainhip works
fran, SLap, with gas content of
of sta
aa 1147,727 co (3,900)
Lath: ga (0582)
Diamar? 8 (19°75 =)
Eager! Four a10'hp- Maybach
ox.
tiveylider
Url led: 3986510 (14,000 bs)
Marina sped? 1.
(sit)
period eng 1.875 8 (000)
|
f
?
designed a new and beterahaped ype
with three stabilising oe
{guced tao" apart. This arrangement
Fender these alias very steady in
the air even strong winds were blow
lng, The ft to, Caguot observation
balooa types were designated “L’ and
"MC reperively. In their final form
they were but in four standard des:
sopoeut (950 cum) (P);a8,9s8 cult
{(Gincum) (Paysga.bigeut (goeusm)
(M2) and. 95415 caf (1000 eus0)
&
i
gE
I
i
4
ze
if
i
tt
l
envlope abe thelr head into
en of flares. Certain fighter pilots
Special! in attacks on
“ralloons. For instance,
‘ace, Captain Heinrich
towards the end of World
‘War t bad 1 Caquotballooos =
8
Desdes a aeroplanes — to hit credit.
‘Therefore it wat of the ‘utmost en
portance dhat'an obvervation talon
‘Soild be hauled. down icy when
Samed ofan impending attack on ft.
I
u
e
ii
aF
TF
US
i
EEE
i
i
i
:
sedi
“allo barrages were one ofthe few
protective measures that were f=
TRELEPVEEPES FLUE
Hae
patella
agers eke Fines
Ha aul baat a j
tle
on
53
rps
it |
ie
eataling
a Ait a
We
ui
z
25
38
ag
ae py
zs
i
Hi
i
‘3
ine
Gi
un
putt
3
is
Hig
iii
i
ii
ty Ht
Hi
saul Be
f
BH
258
bey
ae
iu Ht ut
iad fell
4gG EG au
oo i
ituntue
Hasta
fall, Hei Ha
S
e
B2SSP ype te BSz Cr oe
Spi
eee diivecd bbe Royal
™
"0 were to surrender to the Allis in ace
‘cordance with the ters of the Arm
lice. "The eraser Coif, with Rear
‘Admiral Soca on board waste lag
‘hip ofthe sath Light eric squadron
ttc had the tae of tabling the
roe contact wih the German naval
forces, comprising sxty-rine large nd
tsa emele Overhead was rown
‘aptive balloon, with NS7 on guard
fo marboard. In addition, NSO was
postoned above the cenie of the
‘Bia main fore, and this dramatic
tong ating
faividal igh. 20S 11 at the ber
inning of 919 set an ‘endurance
feeord of one hundred and ove hours
‘fo minutes, covering a dance of more
‘ham 3,000 ls (4028 km). In July
tthe mame year this aihip was lst
{tnd fe crew ered sehen it was hit
by lightning and plunged into the sea
‘ff Salthous, on the est cat, while
Wah: 96 ) : ‘ :
Engin wo sop Fat A. = aad
Seclinder
Uefa iad: 8,400 (3.10 bs)
‘Merimo spcds 57.6 mph.
(Gert)
Outing ds #26 mph ‘ine
arsine) re
‘Eagle IT tweleeylinder
Usa lead: 1,000 (6,610 13)
‘Marios peds 35'3 mp
‘nf
pea i: Sans
‘Bondo Four 220 1b Yorba
(ire: 17 me
Ray war built at the works of
eardore ia Seon and wat com
pled by easly summer 1918, After
ving been in the air for total fying
‘ime 89 hours and 4o minutes, it wa
‘Sestroyed in shed atthe Howden wa decided tat R34 woul pay ave snip to cb higher. Thre sho
<
ia
Tire) of pvol feet goo gals ix
(osetia sditand 3 Seok water gual en revching New Yok acl,
iPad oer roqred equipment. hen she Ry at Laon. hore
‘how the teal lo of Se Sip aby Hance sad ogee ond
Tnomelwulmatsystm Tora stisReoeel Sjag Silla Meche
{Se macimum amos of fpdogeain__One ln eeu lem remain 6
ths eigen grea he Rg Siete sleds Hae, when had
trig fom tbe wat fy" clne rad hat wan wd
{Stkeqround a ponte so mot ofthe wold probaly had for Boe the
fine the stip syed im the cous Swag ang pry
Sool fr mentenaes toes, stameted geen
sok fe mane San tg borg, savannas
rene ith war xopped ove fk Saif ie at Rosle Ps The ie
je bout that tines sowamay te cly ware by an oer on tod
forte steele give up. Raye 1 B Prchars he
ives a timer few ntnber Prats jnfed by pacha fom te snip
WBulnntyn wholedbeestretied ted'eck np on te gown, Hal
Hon ts ie to wre about aol catceinmw Sth vesmdyantiret
(asthe ck fy Evo ne utd ms
that additional amount of precious to complete the fist eatto-west air
fuel, venta were later to prove how croang of the Adanic. "The airship
foolishly this man had behaved; for, enough fuel eft ts ‘ightecn mont later, oon 28 January
{gat i maintaized too low an alttade
sd wat badly damaged when i ita
peeene
In
ity
ne
Letts
Saetete
i
5
tt
ih
I
t
if
i
i
aE
i
ut
iy
i
wl
lu
i
i
i
é
|
a
|
i
|
|
=
cord ow any Sit ght te Riva, Denmark
“fe accent of he Rg tad Se Soden, The Deh et
a tng itt on ta ae nit ucquloh tak Sania
a thence offered all its available large
fink and Ge ground fie
te mk Nobel
Bayi: Five 290 hp, Sunbeam
YERTAP IRS.
Hy
HET
tee
rteetiHi
Epes es rs opie
Lesh 6438 (16) Se
nat At roa Tse te cian
Fe Sin pce
Uhl at sage (25500) | Pie saet Aer rest, Mach wat
Ninn pad" mt Aer oe. Mech
pasoengeralcehip cont
‘The R3e, Re g6and R 37 were the lst was furnished with wicker chaits and
ips ordered
righ isis
by the Admiralry
E
i
1
f
t
i
16
‘Prgins; Two 260 bp. Maybach
ib IVa" ticelindr in the
foward gondola, and three
‘390 hp. Sunbeam twele=
Slinder inthe rear genola
sf lad: 36.01 (16,500)
‘Msi fd 63 mp
by mentioning that on 14 June 192%,
it was fled with newspaper reporter
land then seat alt to help the police
‘irctralic to and from the Ascot
races The newamen were pecape ue
ot commented Everly
fon the seady and. qulet side of dhe
‘hip. They all however ad one
Complaint in common: the lack of a
Tit in th #20 (66 m) tll macring
‘mast, by which mean all pasengers
‘oarded the aimhip.
"This very mooring mast eaused meh
damage © K 36 on 17 June, During
landing manceuere the mooring cable
oe ” ie ae
gehbaddge igs
ay i a
al i
nt nin
iia
usa
os |
Huey
int
ig ti hd He
Bapppieies
i elie
hs ih aah
WRERE
alae
Lae Pu
Hulu wll? 4 itt.
ReSHB HEH 3 H
ib
Hee
(ie
i
i
8
:
Xap
Ainhipe 64 (LZ 109), and Lyi ship of Lyo (L103) and 7
(Lz.1%9) italy recived the pasenger (LZ11g). Chad jut been completed
Alsip LZ 120 Bodase ad the naval wea the Armisice was effected in
‘tinhip 1-61. (LZ v0}, which was November 1910, but had not then
fbsequently wrecked the fist time received i mitary equipment "There-
ded during alan service. Belgim fore the Germans maintained that as
naval aithip L.go this airship had not yet offically been
‘and the naval timed over to the German Navy it
(Lz9s) wat allocated mist be considered the private pro-
ase countra pert ef the Zeppelin company, andnot
Id thei lahipa broken up at once. war booty tobe delivered tothe Allie
In accordance. with the Armitce
forthe Ciampino airbase on3 July tgat, terme. The Tater Aled Conta Ca=
snd competed the 826 mle (7,329 km) inion decided otherwise, an handed
leip ia ta} our. Here the Italian L72 over to France alg with the
‘Artay took delivery of cand renamed army airship LZ 119 (LZ), and the
ie Bera, It subsequently made some paaenger aiship L121 Net, 28
long air voyages; among them, one part of the war reparations.
fom Rome to Barcelona and return "Thus on v0 July 120) L 72 leftist
‘may be mented. This aimbip par- tue at Feadrictshafen at 10 pan
ticipated inthe talian feet manewuvres and, manned with a German re,
fof t9ay, aod thereafter there were no headed fr France. At 11 a.m 08
farther recordsf the former Bodowst. 11 July the airship artived. at the
LZ 121 Nordan made it maiden Maubeuge base and was handed oret
to the French miliary authorities. The
Aihip was renamed Dismal ater
Some: short tal fights Ht for ite
permanent base at" Cocr-Pierrfe,
‘ear Toulon. Inthe spring of 1922 the
Trench government alot 2 lion
{Eanes Er repr tothe gar calla te
‘which became a long-drawa-
(ct air, wo thatthe alhip wat not
‘ack in evice ‘until the summer’ of 5
£
practical Intents identical to forces sac them extensively and ac-
that of LZ 1a (ce No. 44). tively. These shia made ttl of 639
‘warn fights of 2,20 hours duration
6 {Riding up to's caleeve ditance of
‘6,990 mes (140000 km). On 258 of
those cries 440900 Ib (200,200 bg) of
bombs were dropped. The tain tages
‘tacked inched the Austian Hue
{Brian naval base a Pla the St Marco
‘ols, alway junctions and other ine
euallaons behind the Aus-
{an lines. It was imperative that the
Subjected to very intense Asiana
tlrcraf fie, whereas fe tel ease spend
fod endurance ranked as qualities of
Tea importance, because they seldom
Inn to overlong ditanes on their war
trips Ye Mea, Meg, Meg, NES, Me
find P-10 were al lov due wo enemy air
‘acs, while M5 caied a2 result
‘of mechanical falar.
In gi the Beith Adenia ordered
‘an sinhip ofthe M claw from Tely-
Te was flowa to England on 28 October
thar year, ad there designated SR
"The eip became part o the rather
‘only and much etched experinensal
Legh a7 8 (05)
Dict 358 0 (07 2)
‘Bagncs: Two 250 hyp. Ttala-May-
‘bach four-eyti
Usa ad 8,377 (800)
Ging ed 455 ms.
(9 im)
Operational ig: 6 3608 (2,000 m)
Exdwacr: 6 hours with 2 bomb
Toad of 2,205 1b (000 bg) 12
ours frscuting ata
Tela for ling te ip fare
date the decison was ade to lengthen
the hull of ZR-1 by 93 f (101m). A
novel feature of the aithip war iy
Feinored bow enabling ito be If out
fn the open moored toa mt.
‘On ater occasions 21-1 was moored
‘experimental tothe Navy dept vee!
‘Poloa, wich had been special Bed
te 83 ol
Sip with Gomipear Tue & Raber
Gx In Americ tthe two cancers
painstakingly built the bs aimhip of Daring dhe next three years Rowena
Which they were capable. Incidentally, reiored confidence in asige based
there. was cuse resting’ #10 upon the srengls and relay and
‘ila we exclusively even though the the fin performance of 233.
USS. Navy ad placed the oder. "This ihip demonstrated in 1926,
Lz 126 made'it maiden voyage at that i could be moored to the mother
and tree more tial fights were der” a special mooring mast. A furter step
‘Lor
aly sopply of helium) in early Sep
tember 1ou5 (sce No. 57), was a great Cossldated NaV-1 and the Curtis
low to the American pul, yet mest
ries generally remaived io favour of vi
i
ED
F
j
i
{fom the oppesite way. Za dng had
‘ben swinging leisurely at the mening
‘mast and now tried 10 Flow the wind
The 2 weathercock, but instead of
‘ringlg sdewaye the sibip che to
‘make the change upward instead. The
‘row on watch was caught mapping
{ted afer along ide soon found them
‘etve in the nose of the aimhip along
‘with all Lids ef wofasened ger. The
perplexed and akonished pero os
the’ ground watched. help. what
‘was going on. Aer sang on is poe
fea brie insant the 638 (206m)
long hall tired gracefully around
‘asad then gradually seed in its
{ermer potion om the leeward sie of ‘expedition provided that it was sll in taken off fom'the Norweglan and
‘he mat. Ase from a ew tar in the ‘2 Yeaonably ood sate. The deal was two days before. This undoubtedly was
Fabre of the bl, nether the aihip ‘up conditional pon five of the Italian daappointment to Amundsen, who
oe the eew on board had uflered any ‘ember being signed on forthe Polar evertbles showed good sporuman’
‘Semage oF injuries flight. Amundsen, who was then 53 ship, and the member of the two
“in apte of this incident and cher ‘year old, had been in tort the Sint expeditions jointly edebrated the
minor adventures the Las dupes com {an wo reach the South Pole. In age American suc. Amundsen may alo
Joyed a long and ditingushed sevice. Ihebad wed to get the North Pole by have rected and consoled himself
Formany year his sri Sew a great. ‘eroplane, But had to abandon the that iscoming venare was more ambie
umber of oubeanding people 10 im ‘ttempe. Now be felt that he stood 3 tou as he not enly planned to crest
portant event in many of the sats, Teter chance of suceeding with his the Nor Poe a his sip, but then
Inde numerous new crews situltane= recenty-acqiced"ainhip which he lio continue to Nome in Alaska.
Tualy recived. thelr tang in famed” Nope (Norway). ‘The reason "Norge ascended fom ite snow-covered
Sy this Tealianaihip was placed at base at 835 am loeal ne om 19 May.
‘Amundsen’ EEPEPULLET EDGE!
Hiatal
eel l(tnpeet:
Hla
En
te
Fe
i
el
Tes
int
i
t
f
HE
ii
"At 4am, on 4 May, the airship began
ius Journey to the North Pole an eat-
tea cre of 16 en, plus Nobile’ ox
{erie Titi, All ofthe former crew of
|
‘Narge were incladed inthe the sudden
from, and in addion Noble had ine ‘eu fom some
‘te dee scents to participate in abd moment
the expedition. They were two phisi- sith great fre.
‘des, Dr Alo Posttemoli fom ely was torn off and
find’ Dr Frantick Behounek from The envelope with the
Cerchasiovakia, and the "Swed "he four crew
tmeteorologit Dr Fina Malmgren, The De Pontremol
last-named had also been a member of scended again
the Norge expedition. On board ao ‘skown to this land falowed with intense world-wide
‘tncety, day by day. Howerer, it wat
‘aly on 3 June thatthe ouuide word
received tnteligence that there were
Hel
i
if
Be
[E
f
i
e
i
7
the mainlind atthe North Cape. They
‘erry only one additional pase
fee and ad onders to return wih
‘Nobile to the Swedish bas, where they
fet thatthe Inter was indispensable
forthe guidance of further rescue work,
Noble peoteted that asthe lender of
{he Hallan expedition he should be te
are man to leave the amp on the foe,
Std attempted his second landing there,
bis arraltovertrned apd his a>
last were relieved. To top he rescue by
‘hip of the vin ofthe aihip diaser
F
i
&
i
y
i
pill
:
i
I
if
a
‘4
3
a
|
liven, A French Latico HG
pails
Hy
fr heli:
|
i
Hi
fh
i"
i
tty
i
|
filed with a new fue the so-called
‘blue ga. The
{clued snd a kept te rear prope
Ine ot claro te dpaream om
Scien re,
“the Bi of Jay 1998 wa the goth
anniv oe tof Cat
Zepeda, tl on ie date he sry
ant wes mune “re opel her
im thecheneing eremory aire
frre by the dao fh oi
Sp pec, Cou woa Banden.
Seeley. The aii made ie
Sill yg: on 10 Sep nd
ry
“Zpnticonce more weathered wel ae
SOMnSp lnded tata at fs home
te fter pending 70 hous 5 inns
12 the irom thie oceso.
Desig the flowing months Graf
‘Zhpain made sine igs ever owe
hn. Then' on ar March 1929
‘tout ot ft Metteanenn ery
Sih" twenty-ine pasenger, among
{hem te German Miner o Trafic,
the prendnt ofthe Goma patlaent
remaining
fale of pawenger tickets and rom pay-
‘ments fom samp collector i eaay
‘County for the privilege of having
thee covers (potcarda aed envelopes
ranked with commemorative rapt
andor suck. with pecal caches)
‘arid by Graf Ziti on the various
Stages ofthis fight The snip cared
siayatice fn this ccaon
Lady.
sentative of te Hearst pres, the famous
polar explorer Sir Hubert Wilkin the
‘American aip pilot Captain Charles
ERoveodahl, and. the mllonsire
‘Leeds, husband of the Grand Ducts
‘Xenia of Rosia. Frieda was
Hye
&
bil
puttin
i
i
Eger
if
rf
tl
ut
Hi
i
i gins rurming all the time):
“6 mils (12,000 km)
5-65, The Bekah passenger
siti snd et
date in Agi 901
(es Ng twas decd bad wl the 100 was pasting along te
Bi Lawrence river snd ran into
tray, 4 October 1931, but ist ail
fun war squeezed in before that date,
‘This ought wo have been of at last
1g hour’ duration but, everybody
‘conditions mast have. been nil. The
the R tot, FLA H.C
‘commander of
Irwin and his crew of forty-one men
sunt then already have had Ue grave
‘Soubis about the bchaviout ofthe a=
‘Sip. There ‘were some prominent
ppamcngear on” board including the
British Air Minister, Lord Thowson;
EE
Saflon Brancker;
‘Aibhip Development, We Car RB.
(Gotmore; and theformer commander of
the R 34 Major G. H. Seo, who was
{charge ofthis air expedition. What-
fever their innermost though, the
‘etre complement kept their felines
the more unconrallable the R 101
became,
“Ato asm. the ainbip pawed Saint-
Valen-aur Somme in France at sch a
low altitude that the roar fom ite
taining engines. feightened villagers
‘tof ther beds, to tarble or daa to
the windows for skyward glance Si
miles (10k) farther oa the Ie
‘romed Qyesnoy, where the inhabitants
‘were convineed that the howe rol
‘were going to be torn off asthe giant
‘sel pase low overad in the pth
dark ight. Iwas now Sunday, 5 Ox
ber, and on Board the aimip. the
“Gondor HIB wwelve-cylinder
Unf lad: 160,200 Tb (92570)
‘nlading
ot 3500 Ib
(24040 bg)
‘Mazina sed: 81 2p.
(igo yt)
snags 00 mits
785-8030
Pass: 00
Specification of R
Votan 506,000 cust
(55748 cum)
7 f (3968 mn)
Diamar? 1958 (4054 2)
‘Bins: Five shs hp Beardmore
"Tornado Dice eigitcyinder
Usd oad: 66,000 To (72570 ks)
‘eluding payload o 33.000 18
(24.048 ts)
‘Marina ped: 74'5 =...
(G20 km/h)
Rang: 3600-500 miles
(6.795-8o3o km)
Psiengers: 100
64 Metatclad 2MC-2
‘The ZMC-2 (eral number Adate)
was built by ‘the Metalclad Aihip the air the unusual ratio of die
Tenth ofthis sirsip was c00-
irom the ground and it was fally
broken up i 1948.
(56654 cu)
Lagi ust 5m ss4
Diane: g2 fbn (1605 0)
‘Marina iting saci: 5,50 1
Gage)
shld: 750 (304)
ages Two 220 Wht
“Tg Whitin) everepinder
ail
Maxinacs ed: 62 mph.
(100 kt)
ange: 675 les (1,006 ke)
Gr 2 en
(65 The class airships ofthe US.
Navy
‘The US. Navy acquired ies fist
‘Tig? in 1915, This small novi
slip bore the original designation
[DN-ir and was later ened the Aras.
Te was bul by the Gnnecscat Aieraft
Company based” upon German and
‘Austrian’ intelgence and. proved
{alur, chet becawe it was too heary.
"The B cau arship ofthe US. Nevy
had a beter performance. Tir design
wat baved upon the Beith types that ‘enabling
the ai
“Lge
i
"Pilgeien”
Votan: 3700 cut (6141 usm)
Length: $108 (3958 =)
Diana: $28 (975)
Engine: One 6 hip. Lawrence
(okay)
ane: oes (64 km)
|
&
i
ey
i
itt
ei
HETEEREEENT
eH
cree Hits
jiitietall
vue si (ogra sm) rere irc. _The ballon cinta ty, and
feerument sprung. small lek, trough which
‘Mest of the summer and autum ther precow supply of oxygen was
was spent in teing. the umerous escaping. After makeiftrepaes they
Piece of equipment and having them decided to curtail their stay in the
{stalled and’ adjusted. The date of sratomphore. When the “car agais|
11 November was fixed for the ascent, touched terra firma at White Lake
Prior wo that date 40 large lorries had about 125 miles (200 km) for thet
to dalver the 1475 bottles of eom- starting point, the two aeronauts had
resed helium required tofeed 225000 been alot fr ‘nina
aft (6371 cum) ofthe gas into the
‘cvelope, which corresponded to filing
Bo” about onefoareonth
i
a 4
i
The atten of Goyer mae, ooh to gooom ul (om cum) aed
meme by nr C4 Fone snd With dace S1gER Gbgem). | Gsm) was tented tp of the
TGA Scale nhe san ‘The eardoye wes nde of tiggey |) guedla an an oddod my pectin.
su = Hea He Hil Hn i
253 3 adpad
i a “ ih a
i fit Eel ite it
qe cite
ditt:
THIGH
427 October the ainbip was oficially
‘cepted by the US. Navy. In spite of
minor maps matained bythe ashi,
te
ot
vac,
iD
iyee iui
iar
wud 5
a
und
Uitiuslite Mea i: ata snhip/acroplane combination. He ako fain. Venlo came to the coe
i ‘and the men on board gazed at an
‘Sid spectacle. "The survivor onthe
rected section ofthe simhip "thre
Tree cghorone of thom "behave
Tic otsene shelboy beat hey
tree under the nes o the es
om the burt a ells During
Sie ede notation al fe ce
the" even spoke With nto
saat
“Te fermath ection was ching.
“Tha hls cle sboudd bil eves
the Non ap wat more than the
‘Naerca pb could sand The ote
Come wat thatthe word ni? as
aise om Ameria newnpape
fed the US. Navy abandoned: al
ough of ving ore gid asipe
‘ae Even the se and worthy Lar
(184.60 eum)
(arom)
Norma ange 80 mies (2,820)
Ga: 60-75 men
Angoe was sacred. Te was broken up
shed at Lakehurst simply because
tf far of what might sll be in store
foe thin seemingly indestrocleair-
Vien Alea and Mazon crashed they
ad made 7a fg rope
it et ig nf ns ak
tern
atlas got the better of the ali.
foe ade
if
&
i
fi
ie
206
aahe
THEE
With take-off weight of 995.5: 1b
(242,000 ig), LZ. 129, was ‘extremely
Aliiclt wo handle on the ground, soi
‘eas well that even then i could move
oth forward and Backward under
‘wn power a the alip wat equipped
hockabworing and retractable
3 jist apis du i fi e i ;
i 1 i at 3 ig Ht ie
ta eile fr a
eenih He Pakenb larg |e
pl HE ia iiieli a dle aaah
ipl bul ei nein Pal ih
balls itl it wllagil
eee ee eat a ee
HHH THE TEBE
:
iil
5 itt
1 it ae " sah it fie We
ee an
i Hie ] ile Brin i a
He He sl ‘burnout wreckage In the end, hows were built, but ts dic to deal with
(rer, all agreed that the direct eae them ia ‘eoaoogical order, partly
‘wan the dimou hydrops because they were acquired over along,
“The Hindle ao welled Gis for span of time and partly because each
the Graf Zpelnand the jut-eompleted teres presents a ‘number of design
LZ tgp Gre Zepplin I, No more par variations,
1 Geral number gg, o 319,900
‘thea inspite ofsevera attemplsto cuit (90596 cum) capacity, was
fd ficen special basa for them. The envelope, was built at the Naval Air
Crigial plane called forthe procure: erat Factory at the Navy Yard in
‘ Waid sir Philadelphia: The powerplant com
prbed two 390 hp. Weight 6-9 radia
Signe In os tic US Nevy neqiced
rat agmented coniseray, an outsianding patel airship that was
ge, 3 al Gime ig ingore onthe ww 9
the G, K and M borrowed fom the US. Army ia 1097
Ghe Tears. and. TC14). However
ether of thee, nor the I could be
placed in actual sericea he guard,
‘the const ofthe United State wa the
tacluive domain of the US. Army,
au
fil
ib
Fs
.
if
handed aichipe
fei
fal
Speciation of K-rg to Ker35
Vale 4257000 cult (263475
com)
bveloped aller the war from the
‘Klas but they no longer had much
i ‘common ‘with ther" predccnors
ae
&
ir
Hu
u
I
el
rl
Ba
i ie
I their
uetttit
italia
Hipgte
Ha
Hee
£ a
ait
al
i
ate
giists i i
cit
Hel i f if
Saini ral fies
pina th
if
ie ui
In 1942 many ofthe male personnel
Fate of rasa’ sbwt so blsoes
‘defence. The balloon bar- of Balloon Command were replaced by
‘wer inthe ai. The penne banding
them often worked under dificult one
itions as many of the wall ations
were located in secided mots which
Ihampered the fow of store and other
‘women of the WAP. (Womens
‘Aasligy Air Fore). When the Ger
time launched the “Baedecker rai?
gaint English historical cite thee
‘cetoat and ‘pop Largs, Srrwmmen were mete eat
respectively.
uu
in
ail
u
Hdl
supplies and made the service lie ery
‘man High Command at about the same
‘barges monotonous
Her aBE Hi.
i
in at Hel
Able to report thats German aeroplane
had met its end between the tel ables,
Enemy coustermeasurey wich atthe
Germans attempt o out some of their
tier as “able entry by ve
ours were fo be protected. Tey could
‘tre upland by ther fone
‘ge amrangement vail
rvtebe’ ceeded wena pet
fim age ke core ane ar
then aptly be decried an "tc
sethaierfe
their wing leading edges, were nue
‘eaful Finally, the
‘mobility and reduced wues-
"portance, ough on
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