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Solutions are made up of solutes and solvents solvents are substances that dissolve in something else. Concentration describes the amount of a solute in a solvent qualitative descriptions qualitative means you describe the quality of something (use adjectives) quantitative descriptions describe the quantity of a substance (use numbers)
Solutions are made up of solutes and solvents solvents are substances that dissolve in something else. Concentration describes the amount of a solute in a solvent qualitative descriptions qualitative means you describe the quality of something (use adjectives) quantitative descriptions describe the quantity of a substance (use numbers)
Solutions are made up of solutes and solvents solvents are substances that dissolve in something else. Concentration describes the amount of a solute in a solvent qualitative descriptions qualitative means you describe the quality of something (use adjectives) quantitative descriptions describe the quantity of a substance (use numbers)
Describe the concentration of a solution in qualitative and quantitative terms Describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated solutions Describe the processes used to separate mixtures or solutions into their components
Solutions
Homogeneous; that is, they appear the same
throughout Can occur as solids, liquids, or gases For
example, as a gold ring, water, or air
Solid solutions are called alloys; liquid or gaseous
solutions are called solutions Solutions are made up of solutes and solvents
Solutes
Solutes are substances that dissolve in something
else For
example, sugar is a solute when you put it in water
because it dissolves
Solvents are substances that other things dissolve in
For
example, water is a solvent when you put sugar in it
because the sugar dissolves
When something can dissolve in another substance,
we say it is soluble For
example, sugar is soluble in water
Water: the universal solvent
Water is sometimes called the universal solvent
because so many different substances can dissolve in water However, some substances cannot dissolve in water, such as many oils and fats This is why it is possible, though very difficult, to clean up oil spills that happen in water, whereas it would be much harder to remove salt from the ocean
Solubility
Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in
another substance What happens to the particles when you put a soluble substance (solute) in a solvent? The particles of the solute are attracted to the particles of the solvent, so they spread around
salt water
Solubility
What happens to the particles when you put an
insoluble substance into another substance? The particles of the substances are not attracted to each other, so they dont spread around; they stick together
oil
salt
Concentration
Concentration describes the amount of a solute in a
solvent We can describe concentration in qualitative ways and in quantitative ways
Qualitative descriptions
Qualitative means you describe the quality of
something (use adjectives) If there is a lot of solute in a solvent we say it is concentrated If there is not a lot of solute in a solvent we say it is dilute
Quantitative descriptions
Quantitative means you describe the quantity of
something (use numbers) For example, if we dissolve 5 grams of salt in 500 mL of water, we describe it this way: 5g/500mL This could also be described as 1g/100mL
Saturation
There is a limit to how much of a solute you can
dissolve in a solvent This limit is called the saturation point When you cannot dissolve any more of a solute in a solvent, we say the solution is saturated If you can still dissolve more solute in a solvent, we say the solution is unsaturated