Introduction to Matlab 7

Matlab Graphics

Omed Ghareb Abdullah

Sulaimani University
College of Sciences
Physics Department

3D graph
y In this section we will focus on the basic
MATLAB instructions
i t ti for
f plotting
l tti a 3-D
3 D graph
h
and controlling its appearance.
y Ref: help graph3d

1
meshgrid
• meshgrid generates x and y grid coordinates of a
rectangular
g mesh.
• Example:

x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,20);
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);

will
ill produce
d two
t 5 by
b 6 matrices
t i xii and
d yii
which contain the x and y coords, respectively, of a 5 by 6
rectangular grid.
xi and yi can now be used as templates when interpolating randomly
scattered data into a uniform grid for contour and surface plotting
routines as shown by the next slide.

plot3
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
1

plot3(X,Y,Z); 0.5

-0.5

-1
2

1 5

0
0
-1

-2 -5

2
mesh
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
mesh(X,Y,Z);

meshc
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
meshc(X,Y,Z);

3
meshz
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
meshz(X,Y,Z);

waterfall
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y); 1

waterfall(X,Y,Z); 0.5

-0.5

-1
2

1 5

0
0
-1

-2 -5

4
surf
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
surf(X,Y,Z);

surl
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
surfl(X,Y,Z);

10

5
surfnorm
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
surfnorm(X,Y,Z);

11

shading
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
surf(X,Y,Z);
shading flat;

12

6
shading
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
surf(X,Y,Z);
shading interp;

13

pcolour
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=sin(X).*cos(Y);
pcolor(X,Y,Z);
shading interp;

14

7
contour
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); 2 0.8

Z=sin(X).*cos(Y); 1.5 0.6

contour(X,Y,Z); 1 0.4

colorbar; 0.5 0.2

0 0

-0.5 -0.2

-1 -0.4

-1.5 -0.6

-2 -0.8
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

15

contour
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); 2

0.8

Z=sin(X).*cos(Y); 1.5
0.6

contour(X,Y,Z,30); 1
0.4

colorbar; 0.5
0.2

0 0

-0.2
-0.5

-0.4
-1

-0.6
-1.5
-0.8

-2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

16

8
contourf
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); 2

0.8

Z=sin(X).*cos(Y); 1.5
0.6

contourf(X,Y,Z,30); 1
0.4

colorbar; 0.5 0.2

0
0

-0.2
-0.5

-0.4

-1
-0.6

-1.5
-0.8

-2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

17

contoure3
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
0.8

Z=sin(X).*cos(Y); 1 0.6

contour3(X,Y,Z,30); 0.5
0.4

colorbar; 0
0.2

-0.5 -0.2

-0.4
-1
2

1 5 -0.6

0
0 -0.8
-1

-2 -5

18

9
 quiver
x=linspace(-5,5,30);
y=linspace(-2,2,30);
li ( )
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y); 40

Z=sin(X).*cos(Y); 35

quiver(X,Y,Z); 30

25

20

15

10

-5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

19

ezmesh, ezsurf
y Example:

⎧ x = 3cos u sin v
⎪
⎨ y = 2 cos u cos v
⎪ z = sin u
⎩

ezmesh('3*cos(u)*sin(v)','2*cos(u)*cos(v)','sin(u)',[-2*pi,2*pi,-2*pi,2*pi])
20

10
 ezmesh, ezsurf
y Example:

ezsurf('u*sin(v)','u*cos(v)','4*v',[-2*pi,2*pi,-2*pi,2*pi])
21

ezmesh, ezsurf
y Example:

ezsurf('u*sin(v)','u*cos(v)','u',[-2*pi,2*pi,-2*pi,2*pi])
22

11
 ezsurf
ezsurf('sin(sqrt(x^2+y^2))/sqrt(x^2+y^2)',[-6*pi,6*pi])
ezsurf('x*exp(-x^2
ezsurf( x exp( x 2 - yy^2)')
2) )
ezsurf('x*(y^2)/(x^2 + y^4)')
ezsurf('x*y','circ')
ezsurf('real(atan(x + i*y))')
ezsurf('exp(-x)*cos(t)',[-4*pi,4*pi,-2,2])
ezsurf('s*cos(t)','s*sin(t)','t')
ezsurf('s*cos(t)','s*sin(t)','s')
ezsurf('exp(
ezsurf( exp(-s)*cos(t)
s)*cos(t)','exp(
exp(-s)*sin(t)
s)*sin(t)','t't ,[0,8,0,4*pi])
[0 8 0 4*pi])
ezsurf('cos(s)*cos(t)','cos(s)*sin(t)','sin(s)',[0,pi/2,0,3*pi/2])
ezsurf('(s-sin(s))*cos(t)','(1-cos(s))*sin(t)','s',[-2*pi,2*pi])

23

Special Plots 
•Sphere
p •Cylinder

•Bar
B Plot
Pl t •Pie
Pi Chart
Ch t

24

12
 Sphere Plot 
[X,Y,Z]=sphere(20);
surf(X,Y,Z);
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z');
axis square
title('Plot of a Sphere')

25

Sphere Plot 
sphere(50)
shading interp
axis off
light
pause(2)
lighting none
pause(2)
lighting gouraud
pause(2)
lighting phong
pause(2)
colormap (gray) 26

13
 Cylinder Plot 
t=linspace(0,pi,20);
r=1+sin(t);
[X,Y,Z]=cylinder(r);
surf(X,Y,Z)
axis square
title('Plot of a Cylinder')

27

Cylinder Plot 
cylinder(50)
shading interp
axis off
light
pause(2)
lighting none
pause(2)
lighting gouraud
pause(2)
lighting phong
pause(2)
colormap (gray) 28

14
 Bar Plot 
Y=[1 6 7 ; 2 6 7; 3 5 7; 4 5 7; 3 4 7; 2 3 6; 1 2 7];
bar(Y)
pause(5)
bar3(Y)
title('3D Bar Plot')

29

Pie ploting
x=[2,4,6,8];
pie(x)
i ( )
pause(5)
pie3(x)
pause(5)
pie3(x,[1,1,1,1])

is used to specify slices that should be pulled out from the pie

30

15
 The View Command 
view(az,el)

where az and el are angles given in

degrees

31

View Command Example
x=-3:.2:3;
y=-3:.2:3;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=1.8.^(-1.5*sqrt(X.^2+Y.^2)).*cos(0.5*Y).*sin(X);
surf(X,Y,Z)
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y'); zlabel('z');

32

16
View Command Example
view(0,25) view(30,25)

view(60 25)
view(60,25) view(90,25)

33

View Command Example

view(0,0) view(90,90)

34

17
Hidden Line Removal
y Hidden lines:
y ON: shows white inside mesh
y OFF:  shows transparent mesh 

[X,Y,Z] = sphere(12);
subplot(1,2,1);
mesh(X,Y,Z), title('Opaque');
hidden on;
axis square off;
subplot(1,2,2);
mesh(X,Y,Z),title('Transparent');
hidden off;
axis square off;
35

Peaks

The peaks(100)
function creates
a 100x100 array
of values. Since
this is a plot of
a single
variable, we get
100 different
line plots
36

18
 The peaks( ) Function
y We'll use peaks( ) to create a z=f(x,y) function that is 
interesting and shows off the 3‐D plotting
y see help peaks for more info on this function

[x,y,z]=peaks(30);
mesh(x,y,z)
xlabel('x-axis')
( )
ylabel('y-axis')
zlabel('z-axis')

37

The peaks( ) Function
y We'll use peaks( ) to create a z=f(x,y) function that is 
interesting and shows off the 3‐D plotting
y see help peaks for more info on this function
3
6

[x,y,z]=peaks(30); 2
4

contourf(x,y,z,10) 1
2
y-axis

colorbar 0 0

xlabel('x-axis') -1 -2

-4
-2
ylabel('y-axis')
-6
-3
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x-axis

38

19
The peaks( ) Function
[xx,yy,zz] = peaks(50);
[C,h]
[C,h]=contour(xx,yy,zz,5)
contour(xx,yy,zz,5) % 5 lines
clabel(C,h)
3
0.75885

87 1
3.1
% C is a

85
2 5.6153

0.758
variable

0.7
87 1
5.6

3.

58
15

18

3.1
3

85
71
1 representing
6 94
-1 .6
the contour
5
0.
88

75

3.1871
75 plot
88
0 0.

5
-1 .6

0.75

5
69

58 8
4

8 85

0.7
71
-1
3.
18
-1 .6
69
% h is the
-4 .0 4
0.758 85
9 76
"handle"
-1 .6

-2
4
9 76
6 94

-4 .0 69
.6
-1

-3
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

39

Exercises

40

20
Exercises

41

21