1.Define Impulse Momentum Equation (or) Momentum Equation.

The total force acting on fluid is equal to rate of change of momentum. According to
Newtons second law of motion,
F=ma
Fdt=d(mv)
2.What are fluid machines or Hydraulic machines?
The machines which use the liquid or gas for the transfer of energy from fluid to rotor
or from rotor to fluid are known as fluid machines.
3.How are fluid machines classified?
Fluid machines are classified into two categories depending upon transfer of energy:
1. Turbines hydraulic energy is converted to mechanical energy and then electrical
energy.
2. Pumps electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy and then hydraulic
energy.
4.Define the term Impact of Jet.
Force is obtained from Newtons second law of motion or from impulse momentum equation.
Thus impact of jet means the force exerted by the jet on a plate which may be stationary or
moving.
i. Force exerted by the jet on a stationary plate when
a. Plate is vertical to the jet
b. Plate is inclined to the jet
c. Plate is curved
ii. Force exerted by the jet on a moving plate when
a. Plate is vertical
b. Plate is inclined
c. Plate is curved

5.What is the equation for Force exerted by the curved plate at one end tangentially when
the plate is symmetrical?
FX = 2aV2cas
FY = 0
6.What is the Force exerted by the curved plate at one end tangentially when the plate is
unsymmetrical?
FX = av2[cos+cos]
FY = av2[sin-sin]
7.What is the equation Work done per second by the jet on the plate?
WD = FX X u
8.What is the equation of Force on flat vertical plate moving in the direction of jet?

FX = a(v-u)2
9.Work done per second by the jet on flat vertical plate moving in the direction of jet?
Wd = a(v-u)2 x u
10.What is the equation of Forces on inclined plate moving in the direction of jet?
Fn = a(v-u)2sin
FX = a(v-u)2sin2
FY = a(v-u)2sincos
11.Work done per second by the jet on inclined plate moving in the direction of jet
WD = au(v-u)2sin2
12.What is the equation of Force on the curved plate when the plate is moving in the
direction of jet?
Fx = a(v-u)2(1+cos)
13.What is the equation of Work done by the jet on the plate per second?
WD = au(v-u)2(1+cos)
14.Draw the velocity triangles of an unsymmetrical moving curved plate when the jet
strikes tangentially at one of the tips.

15.Define the term jet propulsion

Jet propulsion means the propulsion or movement of the bodies such as ship, aircrafts,
rocket etc., with the help of jet.The reaction of the jet coming out from the orifice provided in the
bodies is used to move the bodies.