CC QU TRNH THI CNG NN T YU V

LP T CC THIT B QUAN TRC

Hong Trung Hu
K s a k thut
Japan Port Consultant -Nippon Koei Joint venture

1. T VN :
Mt trong nhng phn quan trng nht trong thi cng nn ng hay nn Cng l thi cng trn
nn t yu. Vic nm bt c trnh t thi cng v cc phng php quan trc l iu quan trng m
bo s n nh nn cng nh lng trc nhng kh khn trong qu trnh thi cng.
Bi ny trnh by cc bc thi cng nn t yu bng PVD kt hp gia ti vi cc hnh nh v
phn tch, c th:

Thi cng lp to mt bng.

ng bc thm.

Ri bc thm ngang.

Thi cng cc rnh thu nc, ging bm nc.

Ri vi a.

Lp t bn o ln, bn o chiu dy ct.

Trnh t v nguyn tc lp t cc thit b quan trc: thit b o ln su (extensometer),

o p lc nc l rng (piezometer), quan trc mc nc tnh (ng o standpile), bn o
ng sut tng (Earth pressure Cell), thit b quan trc chuyn v ngang (inclinometer).

p t ch ln.

Quan trc ln.

Cc th nghim trc khi d ti.

Kt thc qu trnh d ti.

Th nghim ln mt ng bng quan trc gia ti tng ng vi ti mt ng.

2. TRNH T THI CNG:

2.1. Thi cng lp to mt bng
Trc khi tin hnh cc cng vic x l th cng vic u tin l cng tc to mt bng thi cng
cho my mc (thng gi cng tc ny l reclaimation) bao gm ri lp vi a k thut ngn
cch nn yu vi lp nn p, bm ct. Trnh t chi tit nh sau:
Pht quang cy ci, dn dp cc r cy v vt lp bn hu c trn b mt.
Ri vi a k thut ngn cch gia lp bn v lp nn p.
Lp t cc ng bm ct PVC n v tr xc nh.
Tin hnh bm ct v san i, m lu to mt bng.
Kim tra cht tng lp ca ct trn mc nc hin ti bng phng php FDT (Field
Density Testing-Kim tra cht ti hin trng)
Kim tra cht ca nn trong nc bng phng php xuyn cn ng t trn mt
n tng t yu (phng php DCP-Dynamic Cone Penetration).

Page 1/33

Hnh 1. Bm ct

Hnh 2. Lp to mt bng hon chnh

Hnh 3. Thit b DCP

Hnh 4. Tin hnh ng DCP

2.2. ng bc thm ng.

a. Mc ch:
Bc thm ng c s dng gia c nn t yu, lm tng thi gian ln, tng nhanh sc
chng ct trong mt thi gian ngn do nn c kt.
b. Cu to:
Bc thm ng c cu to t hai lp: lp o lc bng vi a k thut khng dt, si lin tc
PP hoc PET 100%, khng thm bt c cht kt dnh no v lp li thot nc c n bng
nha PP.

Hnh . Cu to bc thm ng
c. Thi cng:
Cc bc chi tit nh sau:
nh v cc v tr cm bc bng cc si ni lng c ghim vo lp to mt bng.
Page 2/33

Lp t cun bc vo my ng.
Lp t tm thp vo u bc vi mc ch bc c gi li khi cm n chiu su xc
nh.
Cm bc n chiu su xc nh, rt cn xuyn.
Dng ko ct bc thm.
Chuyn my sang v tr tip theo.
(Ht mi cun bc, tin hnh lp t cun tip theo ni vi cun c bng cc ghim bm).
Dn dp lng bn do my ng bc thm ko ln.

Hnh 1. ng bc thm

Hnh 2. Ct u bc thm

Hnh 3. Mt bng hon thin cm bc thm

Hnh 4. Thu dn bn do my cm bc ko ln

2.3. Ri bc thm ngang.

a. Mc ch:
Thu nc trong khu vc gia ti v dn v rnh thu nc.
Thay th cho lp ct ht trung, l lp lc trong cc thit k v thi cng truyn thng.
b. Cu to:
Bc thm ngang c cu to t hai lp: lp o lc bng vi a k thut khng dt, si lin tc
PP hoc PET 100%, khng thm bt c cht kt dnh no v lp li thot nc c n bng
nha PP.

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Hnh . Cu to bc thm ngang

c. Thi cng:
Cc bc chi tit nh sau:
Ri bc thm ngang t v tr cc rnh thu nc bn ny n rnh thu nc pha bn kia.
Gp cc bc thm ng vo bc thm ngang, v lin kt bng ghim bm.

Hnh 1. Mt bng ri bc ngang

Hnh 2. Chi tit mi ni bc thm ngang v ng

Hnh 3. Chi tit v v li bc thm ngang

Hnh 4. Chi tit mt on bc thm ngang v ng

2.4. Thi cng cc rnh thu nc, ging bm nc.

a. Mc ch:

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Thu nc thot ra do nh hng gia ti, nu qu trnh ny khng thc hin dn n mc nc

cao, nn khng ln do p lc y ni.
b. Cu to:

Hnh 2. Cu to ging bm

Hnh 3. Cu to rnh thu nc

Hnh 3. Cu to mi ni ca ging bm v ng thu nc trong rnh

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c. Thi cng:
Cc bc chi tit nh sau:
o rnh thu nc v v tr my bm.
Ri vi a pha di rnh thu nc.
Lp t cc ng dn nc v v tr my bm.
Ri lm lp lc.
Ph vi a ln pha trn rnh.
Lp t cc ng bm nc v my bm.
Lp t cc ng dn ng dn nc t my bm ra phm vi gia ti.

Hnh 1. o rnh thu nc

Hnh 2. Lp t vi a k thut cho rnh thu nc

Hnh 3. Lp t cc ng thu nc v lp lc

Hnh 4. Chi tit lin kt bc ngang vi rnh thu nc

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Hnh 5. Ph vi a v hon thin

Hnh 6. V tr ging thu nc

Hnh 7. Ging bm v bm chm

Hnh 8. Rnh thu nc t cc ging bm

2.5. Ri vi a.
a. Mc ch:
Vi a dng trong nn p t yu ch yu c 2 tc dng chnh sau:

Dng gia cng chng trt.

Phn cch gia lp t yu v t p hoc phn cch gia cc lp t p (gia nn p

v nn thi cng).

b. Cu to:
Hin nay c hai loi vi a theo phng thc ch to l : loi vi dt (Woven) v loi khng dt
(Non-Woven).

Vi a k thut dt gm nhng si dc v si ngang dt li ging nh vi may mc. Bin

dng ca nhm vi dt thng c th nghim theo 2 hng chnh: hng dc my (MD);
hng ngang my (CD). i din cho loi ny thng c GSI, KM, MAC.

Vi a k thut khng dt c cu to t nhng si ngn (100% polypropylene hoc

100%polyester), khng theo mt hng nht nh no, c lin kt vi nhau bng phng
php (dng cht dnh), hoc nhit (dng sc nng) hoc c (dng kim di). i din cho
nhm vi khng dt gm TS ca Polyfelt ca Malaysia, ART, HD ca Vit Nam....
(theo www.annamphat.com)

c. Thi cng:
Page 7/33

Trnh t cc bc nh sau:
Tri vi a k thut.
Mi ni vi chng nhau hoc bng khu.

Hnh 1. Mt bng ri vi a

Hnh 2. Ri vi a

2.6. Lp t bn o ln, bn o chiu dy ct.

a. Mc ch:
Bn o chiu dy ct: dng xc nh khi lng ct p nn thanh ton khi lng v kim tra,
khng ch chiu cao p theo thit k.
Bn o ln: dng o chnh xc ln nn ng.
b. Cu to:

Hnh . Cu to bn o ln
c. Thi cng:
Ch to bn o chiu dy ct: bn o chiu dy ct c ni cng sn n cao hn chiu cao
d kin ca lp chiu dy ct v lp t trc khi p nn.
Ch to bn o ln: bn o ln tng t nh bn o ct nhng lp tng t mt (mc ch o
ln chnh xc khi t mia trn nh cn) nhng c thm ng bc PVC ngoi bo v (vi mc ch loi
b ma st do cn v nn ct dn n ln khng chnh xc).

Page 8/33

Hnh 1. Cu to bn o chiu dy ct

Hnh 2. Bn o chiu dy ct c nh v

Hnh 3. Lp t hon chnh bn o ln

Hnh 4. Cu to bn trong bn o ln (hng do ct b

ri vo bn trong)

2.7. Trnh t v nguyn tc lp t cc thit b quan trc:

2.7.1.Thit b o ln su (extensometer)
a. Mc ch:
Dng o su ln ti mt v tr nht nh cng nh kim tra li chnh xc ca cc bn
o ln.
b. Cu to:

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Hnh. Cu to v lp t Extensometer

Hnh . S cu to c nh nhn t vo v tr c nh

Hnh. S o tng qut

c. o c v kt qu:
Nguyn tc:
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Thit b o bao gm mt thc dy c khc vch chnh xc n mm v mt u d v tr

ca tm nhn t v cc con nhn t ti mt thi im.
Tin hnh o:
Th u d vo ng extensometer, th dn n lc no nghe ting bp th dng li (khi
u d i qua tm nhn t v cc con nhn t th s pht ra ting bp). Tip tc th ln th
xung vi ln v c s chnh xc n mm trn thc dy ti v tr nh ng. Ghi li chiu di.
Tip tc o n ht chiu su. Rt dy o ln. Dng my thy bnh xc nh cao nh ng.
Tnh ton cao hin ti ca tm nhn t v cc con nhn t.
ln ti mt thi im chnh l cao ti thi im o vi cao thi im trc .

Hnh. Chi tit mt on thc o

Kt qu:
Tm nhn t c lp gn nh nn (cha p gia ti) th hin ln tng.
Cc con nhn t lp trong nn t chu nn th hin ln tng lp.

Hnh . Mu ghi kt qu o v tnh ton ln

BIU EXTENSOMETER

Cao nn p. (cm)

1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
20-Jun-09

20-Jun-09
0

20-Jul-09

19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09

18-Oct-09

17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09

16-Jan-10

15-Feb-10

17-Mar-10

16-Apr-10

16-May-10 15-Jun-10

15-Jul-10

14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10

20-Jul-09

19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09

18-Oct-09

17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09

16-Jan-10

15-Feb-10

17-Mar-10

16-Apr-10

16-May-10 15-Jun-10

15-Jul-10

14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10

50
100

ln (cm)

Tm nhn t (+4.65mCDL)
150

Nhn t 1 (-5.03mCDL)

200

Nhn t 2 (-14.86mCDL)

250

Nhn t 3 (-25.01mCDL)

300
350
400
450

Hnh. Biu kt qu o ln tng v ln tng lp.

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d. Thi cng:
Trnh t thi cng nh sau:
Ni nhn t vo thn ng nh sn.
Nhn t c c nh dui thng.
Ni cc si dy qua cc nhn t vi mc ch sau khi lp t xong s ko si dy ny
ln lm bung cc chn ca nhn t, cc chn ny s lin kt cht vo nn t ti v tr .
Lp t ng vo v tr c nh.
Lp t tm nhn t trong tng ct.
Lp t ng PVC bo v ng o ny n qu chiu cao gia ti d kin.
o xc nh chnh xc cao ban u ca tm nhn v cc con nhn t.

Hnh 1. Cu to ng o ln

Hnh 2. nh v nhn t trn ng o

Hnh 3. Cu to nhn t

Hnh 4. Cu to ng dn vi mt ct lng nhau

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Hnh 5. Cu to tm nhn t trong thn nn p

Hnh 5. Cu to np ng

Hnh 6. Lp t ng

Hnh 7. Lin kt nhn t vi dy ko

Hnh 7. Lp t ng o v ng bm bentonit

Hnh 8. nc vo ng

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Hnh 9. Thit b o ln su

Hnh 10. Qu trnh o ln

2.7.2.o p lc nc l rng (piezometer)

a. Mc ch:
Xc nh p lc nc l rng trong nn gia ti nhm mc ch kim tra li cc qu trnh phn tch
ngc c ph hp vi kt qu quan trc p lc nc l rng hay khng. Ngoi ra, xc nh p
lc nc l rng cn xc nh c kt ca nn sau mt thi gian gia ti nht nh.
Xc nh p lc nc l rng cn kt hp vi quan trc mc nc tnh (o trong ng stand pipe)
xc nh p lc nc l rng thng d.
p lc nc l rng thng d (Excess Pore Water Pressure-EPWP) s tng dn da trn chiu
cao gia ti. Sau khi kt thc gia ti, EPWP s gim dn ty theo mc c kt v c xu hng
gim v gi tr zero.
Thit b ny dng o p lc nc l rng ti mt v tr chiu su nht nh.
b. Cu to:
Mi piezometer c lp t ti mi v tr l khoan ring. Sau khi lp t piezometer vo l
khoan, tin hnh rt lp ct lc vo ph piezo. Pha trn u piezo c bt kn bng betonit
phn cch nc l rng mi. Phn cn li trong l khoan c bm va bentonit ngn
dng nc i ln.

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Hnh . S cc bc lp t piezometer

Hnh. Tng th lp t

c. o c v kt qu:
Hin nay c 2 loi piezometer: loi piezometer bng hi (pneumatic piezometer) v loi
piezometer bng dy rung (vibrating wire piezometer-VW piezometer).

Hnh . Piezometer bng hi

Hnh. Piezometer bng dy rung

Nguyn l hot ng ca Piezometer bng hi:

S dng my o, bm kh vo u d. u d bao gm mt mng kn v 2 ng ng, mt
ng bm kh v mt ng thot kh. Ban u, khi kh cha bm vo v bm cha p lc
thng p lc nc th mng cha cng ra v l thot kh vn kn. n khi p lc thng p
lc nc l rng th mng cng ra, v kh bm thot ra ngoi theo ng ng thot kh. Khi pht
hin kh thot ra b mt th tin hnh tt my bm kh. p lc kh gim dn cho n khi mng

Page 15/33

kn tr li v tr ban u. thi im ny, p lc kh cn bng vi p lc nc v ghi li s c

t my o.

B1. Lc cha bm, mng vn cha dch

B2. Mng dch khi bm vt

B3. Tt my bm v mng

qu p lc nc v kh thot ra

tr li v tr ban u.

Nguyn l hot ng ca Piezometer bng dy rung:

Loi VW Piezo bin i p lc nc thnh mt tn hiu tn s qua mt mng chn, mt si thp
chu ko v mt cun truyn dn t. Piezo c thit k thay i p lc qua mng gy ra bi
s thay i ca dy thp chu ko. Mt cun truyn dn t c s dng kch thch si dy
rung vi tn s ring. S rung ca dy quanh vng ln cn ca cun truyn dn s pht sinh mt
tn hiu tn s v truyn n thit b c d liu. Thit b c d liu s ghi li s c Hz. T s
c ny, v thng qua cc h s cung cp ca nh SX cho tng thit b s chuyn thnh gi tr
p lc nc l rng tng ng.
Hin nay, loi piezometer bng dy rung c s dng ph bin VN. Nn trong phn tin hnh
o, kt qu v thi cng c th hin loi piezo bng dy rung ny.
Tin hnh o:
Mi piezometer c 4 dy vi mu khc nhau. Trong , c 2 dy dng ghi s c piezo v 2
dy dng ghi s c nhit .
Thit b o gm c 4 u kp c kp tng ng vi 4 dy ca piezo.
Gi cho kt qu o ca piezo trn mn hnh c n nh. Nhn nt ghi lu d liu. Tip
tc o piezo khc.

Hnh 1. B c v ghi d liu

Hnh 2. Dy o piezo v nhit

Page 16/33

Hnh 4. Cc thng s chi tit v s c

Hnh 3. Mn hnh tng th thit b

Kt qu:

Gi tr o c bao gm s c v nhit mi trng. Cng thc tnh ng sut tng theo nh

sn xut thit b nh sau:
ng sut tuyn tnh: P = G . (R0 R1) + K . (T1 T0) (S1 S0)*
2
ng sut theo a thc: P = A.R1 + BR1 + C + K . (T1 T0) (S1 S0)*

Trong :
S1, So p sut khng kh, khi khng c s chnh lch v p sut khng kh th b qua
gi tr ny.
Ro, To s c piezo v nhit thi im ngay sau khi lp t.
R1, T1 s c piezo v nhit thi im o.
G h s my o tnh ng sut theo tuyn tnh.
A, B, C: h s my o tnh ng sut theo a thc.
(Cc h s ny ly theo chng ch ca nh sn xut v khc nhau vi mi loi
piezometer, mi piezometer c mt s hiu ring c ghi trn u piezo. Ring vi gi tr C
trong tnh ton ng sut theo a thc th phi c o li thc t vi gi tr ng sut c a
v zero).

Hnh. Chng ch sn xut ca mt loi piezometer

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 n gin, tnh ton nn c s dng theo ng sut tuyn tnh.

Hnh. Mu o v kt qu tnh ton p lc nc l rng cho 3 piezo 3 chiu su khc nhau

BIU PIEZOMETER
12.0

Cao trnh p (m)

11.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
20-Jun-09

20-Jul-09

19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09 18-Oct-09 17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09 16-Jan-10 15-Feb-10 17-Mar-10 16-Apr-10 16-May-10 15-Jun-10

15-Jul-10

14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10

15-Jul-10

14-Aug-10 13-Sep-10

800
p lc nc l rng-PWP (KPa)

P10-1 (-0.5mCDL)
700
600

P10-2 (-10mCDL)
P10-3 (-20mCDL)

500
400
300
200
100
0
20-Jun-09

20-Jul-09

19-Aug-09 18-Sep-09 18-Oct-09 17-Nov-09 17-Dec-09 16-Jan-10 15-Feb-10 17-Mar-10 16-Apr-10 16-May-10 15-Jun-10

Hnh. Biu o piezometer ti cc chiu su khc nhau

d. Thi cng:
Trnh t thi cng nh sau:

Hnh 1. Ngm u o c bc ct v vi a
Page 18/33

Hnh 2. Th piezometer vo trong l khoan

Hnh 3. . Lp t ng bm ct lc v bentonit

Hnh 4. lp ct lc v chun b lp va betonit

Hnh 5. Th cc vin bentonit

Hnh 6. Bentonit vin c chun b sn

Hnh 7. Qu trnh o Piezometer

2.7.3.Quan trc mc nc tnh (ng o standpile)
a. Mc ch:
Dng o mc nc tnh trong sut qu trnh gia ti. Mc nc ny c o kt hp vi
kt qu o p lc nc l rng tnh p lc nc l rng thng d. Ngoi ra, gi tr ny cng

Page 19/33

c a vo phn tch ngc qu trnh ln da trn s liu quan trc ln, lch s gia ti
v bin i mc nc tnh.
Kt hp vi thit b o ng sut tng EPC tnh ng sut hiu qu.
Cn phn bit r mc nc tnh v mc nc ng. Mc nc tnh l mc nc n nh khng
do mt tc dng tc thi nh nh hng ca bm nc v n i din trn mt khu vc nht
nh. Mc nc ng l mc nc thay i lin tc v khng i din chung trn mt khu vc
trong mt thi gian nht nh. Vic nhm ln gia mc nc ng v tnh khi a vo tnh ton
s lm kt qu sai khc i nhiu.
b. Cu to:
ng PVC c c l t y ng n cao trnh mt t. Tin hnh bc vi a khng dt 2 lp
ri th xung l khoan sn. Sau khi a xung ng chiu su, phn rng gia ng v l khoan c
p li bng ct ht th.

Hnh. Cu to lp t ng o mc nc
c. o c v kt qu:
Tin hnh o:
Vi yu cu tnh ln th vic o mc nc khng nht thit o chnh xc, c th o bng thc
o cao. Tuy nhin, vi vic o tnh p lc nc l rng thng d, nht thit phi dng thit b
o chnh xc. Thit b o ny nhn b ngoi gn ging vi thit b o ln su extensometer.
Th u o vo ng quan trc mc nc. Khi chm nc, th thit b s pht ra ting bp. Ko
ln v th xung vi ln, cho n khi ch c mt ting bp th c chnh xc s o trn thc
n mm cao nh ng o. Dng my thy bnh, xc nh chnh xc cao nh ng. Cao
mc nc t n gin c xc nh.

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Hnh. Chi tit mt on thc o

Kt qu:
Kt qu c c t gi tr o l chiu di t mc nc n nh ng. Cao mc nc c
xc nh chnh xc khi xc nh c cao nh ng.

Hnh. Mu ghi kt qu o mc nc trong ng standpipe

d. Thi cng:
Trnh t thi cng nh sau:
Chun b ng PVC, c l trn ng.
Ni cc ng li, v bc vi a.
Dng dy cng qun quanh m bo vi a lin kt tt vi ng.
H ng vo l khoan.
ct ht th vo l khoan c nh ng o.

Hnh 1. Cu to ng o nguyn thy

Hnh 2. Bc vi a cho ng o

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Hnh 3. Chi tit mt on ng o bc vi a

Hnh 4. Lp t ng

Hnh 5. nh v ng bng chn kn ct th

Hnh 6. Thit b o mc nc trong ng

Hnh 7. Qu trnh o
2.7.4.Bn o ng sut tng (Earth pressure Cell-EPC)
a. Mc ch:

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Dng kim tra li ti trng tc dng bn ngoi vo nn. y l thit b o ng sut tng, nn
c th kim tra trng lng ring ca nn p m bo ln hn yu cu (gama = P/Hp).
Thit b ny c bit hu dng vi nn c x l bng phng php c kt chn khng, vi
thit b ny c th kim tra c ng sut tc dng vo nn do ht chn khng.
b. Cu to:
Vi cng dng o ng sut khc nhau, s c cc loi o ng sut khc nhau. Trong phn ny,
gii thiu loi o ng sut tng thng ng trong thn nn p (mt s loi dng o ng sut
tip tuyn, hng tm trong thi cng ng hm..).
c trng cho loi ny c 2 dng o ng sut tng: loi o ng sut tng dng hi
(phneumatic pressure) v dng o ng sut tng bng dy rung (vibrating wire pressure).

Hnh. Cu to cc loi EPC

c im chung ca 2 loi ny l bao gm 2 tm thp khng g c hn kn li vi nhau. Gia
2 tm thp c lm rng v cha y cht lng khng chu nn.
Bn o c lp t b mt nhy cm tip xc trc tip vi nn t. ng sut tng tc dng
n b mt bn o ri truyn n cht lng bn trong bn o v c o bng b truyn dn hi
hoc dy rung. Gi tr ny s c lu li trong my ghi v da vo cc h s ca nh sn xut
(khc nhau i vi mi bn o) chuyn thnh gi tr o ng sut.
c. o c v kt qu:
Tin hnh o:
Thit b dng o ng sut tng cng loi vi thit b o piezometer. Cch thc o ging hon
ton vi o piezometer. Xem cch thc o ca piezo trnh by trn bit thm chi tit.
Kt qu:
Cng thc tnh ton ng sut tng hon ton ging cng thc tnh ton cho thit b o piezo. Cc
gi tr hiu chnh s khc nhau ty vo loi s hiu ca bn o.
d. Thi cng:
Trnh t thi cng nh sau:
o su 30cm.
t EPC xung h. Tin hnh cn cho bn thng ng bng thc thy.
Lp t trong h li. Hon thin.

Page 23/33

Hnh 1. Cu to bn o ng sut tng

Hnh 2. Chi tit u d ca bn o

Hnh 3. Thit b o ng sut tng

Hnh 4. Qu trnh o c

Ch : Thanh mu xanh trong hnh 1 l thc cn bn o thng ng (thc thy).

2.7.5.Thit b quan trc chuyn v ngang (inclinometer)
a. Mc ch:
Dng quan trc chuyn v ngang ti cc v tr mi dc (c lp t chn mi dc)
t nh nn n y lp t yu. Thit b ny cn phi c lp t kt hp cng lc vi bn o
quan trc ln (c lp t vai ta luy) kim ton n nh trong qu trnh thi cng bng biu
Matsuo-Kawamura hoc Tominaga-Hashimoto.
b. Cu to:
H thng ny bao gm: ng o, u d o nghing, cp, b puli v u c d liu.
nghing trong thn u d c o bng hai gia tc k cn bng lc. Mt gia tc k o
nghing trong mt phng ca rnh, mt gia tc k o nghing trong mt phng vung gc vi
rnh. o c nghing c chuyn thnh chuyn v ngang. S thay i c so snh gia
chuyn v ngang ban u v chuyn v ngang hin ti.

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Hnh. S ha tnh ton nghing

Hnh. Cu to lp t
c. o c v kt qu:
Tin hnh o:
Kt ni thit b, th u o cho puli i vo rnh theo hng chuyn v cn o. Th cho
n khi ht chiu su, bt u tin hnh ghi s liu. Ko mi 0.5m ln (trn dy cp c khc
cho 0.5m), ch cho khi s liu n nh th nhn nt ghi s liu. Tip tc cho n ht thn ng o.
o chiu 180 , v tip tc nh trn ly s liu ln 2.
Hnh. Mn hnh o c.
Trn mn hnh th hin 2 gi tr theo 2 hng khc
nhau.
Gi tr A: th hin theo hng o trong mt phng
chnh.
Gi tr B: th hin theo hng o trong mt phng
ph (hng vung gc vi mt phng chnh).

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Hnh. Hng o v cc gi tr c Ao, A180, Bo v B180

Kt qu:
Kt qu ghi li trn mn hnh sau ln c th nht l A0 v B0. Sau ln c th hai (o 180 )
l A180 v B180.
chuyn v ngang theo hng chnh ti mt v tr nht nh nh sau:
dentaT = ((A0 A180)1 - (A0 A180)0) / K
(A0 A180)0: gi tr o khi va mi lp t ng xong.
(A0 A180)1: gi tr o ti thi im o.
K gi tr c cung cp cho tng my o.

KT QU QUAN TRC INCLINOMETER

Ngy lp t
Cao trnh nh ng
Ngy o

INCLINOMETER DATA
Inclinometer ID :
I-08A
Ta : X=1162531.797; Y=419121.334
S c

30-Dec-2009
5.253
23-Jul-2010

S c

Cao
(m)

A+

A-

B+

B-

Cao
(m)

A+

A-

B+

B-

5.25
4.75
4.25
3.75
3.25
2.75
2.25
1.75
1.25

-1462
-1450
-1545
-1588
-1561
-1489
-1400
-1345
-1186

1434
1422
1515
1562
1532
1459
1371
1316
1158

-500
-498
-479
-476
-471
-493
-529
-545
-503

426
420
376
357
383
393
417
424
408

-19.75
-20.25
-20.75
-21.25
-21.75
-22.25
-22.75
-23.25
-23.75

279
253
223
199
182
226
255
279
303

-312
-283
-255
-227
-215
-254
-285
-310
-330

-481
-468
-477
-479
-503
-550
-563
-563
-571

389
374
373
386
414
455
451
462
473

Hnh. Mu o nghing

Page 26/33

-100

100

Displacement (mm)
200

300

400

500

10
18-May-10
24-May-10
16-July-10
21-July-10
22-July-10
23-July-10

-5

Elevation (m)

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

-45

Hnh. Biu chuyn v ngang

d. Thi cng:
Trnh t thi cng nh sau:
Ni cc ng li vi nhau thng qua mt ng ni.
Qun bng keo dnh c bit quanh mi ni.
Lp t np y y ng.
Th ng vo l khoan, va th va nc vo ng cn bng p lc y ni.
va betonit vo l khoan. C nh ng.
Ch mt ngy cho n nh ng ri tin hnh o ly gi tr u tin.

Page 27/33

Hnh 1. Cu to tng th ng quan trc

Hnh 2. Chi tit u ni ng

Hnh 3. Chi tit mi ni ng

Hnh 4. Chi tit u ni

Hnh 5. Lp t ng

Hnh 6. Ni ng

Page 28/33

Hnh 7. nc vo ng

Hnh 8. Thit b o

Hnh 9. Ton b thit b o v ghi d liu

Hnh 10. Qu trnh o

2.8. p t ch ln.
Giai on ny ch ln nhng cn kim sot cht ch mc ln v chiu cao mc nc ngm.
Tin hnh bm nc h mc nc ngm nhm tng ln (c th xy ra trng hp nu nh
khng h mc nc ngm th nn s ln khng ng k, tuy nhin sau khi d ti, mc nc ngm
gim xung s ko theo ln nhiu hn).

Page 29/33

Hnh 2. Tng th on nn ang ch ln

Hnh 1. Bm ht nc trong sut qu trnh gia ti

2.9. Quan trc.

Mt trong nhng cng tc chun b cho nh gi d ti cng nh kim sot n nh l quan
trc. Mt s cng tc quan trc th hin nh sau:

Hnh 1. Quan trc ln

Hnh 3. o c ln su extensometer

Hnh 2. o c mc nc trong ng stand pipe

Hnh 4. o c piezometer v Earth Pressure Cell

Page 30/33

Hnh 5. o c inclinometer

2.10. Cc th nghim trc khi d ti.

kim tra li c kt nn th ngoi phng php quan trc thng xuyn th vic kim tra
bng phng php khoan nn rt cn thit. Mt s th nghim c th thy nh sau:

Hnh 1. Th nghim khoan ly mu bng ng ly

Hnh 2. Th nghim khoan ly mu bng ng ly

mu thnh mng

mu pittong

Hnh 3. Cu to ng ly mu thnh mng

Hnh 4. Cu to ng ly mu pittong

Page 31/33

Hnh 5. Th nghim xuyn cn CPTu

Hnh 6. Th nghim ct cnh FVT (loi ghi bng tay)

Hnh 7. Cu to mi cn

Hnh 8. Cu to cnh ct v ng bc

2.11. Kt thc qu trnh d ti.

Hnh 1. D ti

Page 32/33

2.12. Th nghim ln mt ng bng quan trc gia ti tng ng vi ti mt ng

Nhm mc ch kim tra ln mt ng sau khi lm m bo cao ph hp. Giai on
th nghim ny l cn thit. Th nghim c qui i t ti trng mt ng thnh ti trng t p.

Hnh 1. Gia ti trn nn d ti xc nh ln

Hnh 2. Cc bn o ln

mt

3. KT LUN:
Bi vit trn gii thiu cc trnh t v cc thit b quan trc, th nghim hin ang c thc hin
cc d n trong nc vi mc ch th hin bng hnh nh v cc cu to. Chi tit ca cc loi
thit b th nghim c cp trong nhiu ti liu. Tuy nhin, nhng ti liu trn vi nhng
hnh nh mt l c, hoc l s dng ca nc ngoi. Hy vng vi nhng hnh nh sinh ng
trn v p dng trong nc th vi nhng d n a phng hoc vn trong nc, cc
Ch u t cng nh cc nh T vn thit k p dng c th a n nhng kt qu tt nht
cng nh ngn nga cc ri ro xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng cng nh khai thc.
i vi cc th nghim trong phng nh nn c kt, nn mt trc khng n hngkhng cp
y bi y l nhng th nghim ph bin v ni nhiu trong hu ht cc ti liu v t yu.

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