see2015 LTE (telecommuricaton)- Wikipedia the ree encyclopedia LTE (telecommunication) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia LTE, an abbreviation for Long-Term Evolution, commonly marketed as 4G I ), is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the + . Adoption of LTE technology as of December 7, GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements (1IP] The standard is developed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and is specified in its Release 8 document series, with minor enhancements described in Release 9. 2014 Countries and regions with commercial LTE LTE is the natural upgrade path for carriers with both service GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. The Countries and regions with commercial LTE. different LTE frequencies and bands used in different countries will mean that only multi-band phones will be able to use LTE in all countries where it is supported, network deployment on-going or planned Countries and regions with LTE trial systems. (pre-commitment) Although marketed as a 4G wireless service, LTE (as specified in the 3GPP Release 8 and 9 document series) does not satisfy the technical requirements the 3GPP consortium has adopted for its new standard generation, and which were originally set forth by the ITU-R organization in its IMT-Advanced specification. However, due to marketing pressures and the significant advancements that WiMAX, HSPA+ and LTE bring to the original 3G technologies, ITU later decided that LTE together with the aforementioned technologies can be called 4G technologies. The LTE Advanced standard formally satisfies the ITU-R requirements to be considered IMT-Advanced.!4! To differentiate LTE Advanced and WiMAX-Advanced from current 4G technologies, ITU has defined them as "True 4G" 15161 Contents 1 Overview 2 Features 3 Voice calls = 3.1 Enhanced voice quality 4 Frequency bands 5 Patents 6 Devices 7 See also 8 References Inpulen wikipedia orgviki-TE_%28telecommuricaon23 16aa8a015 LTE (eleoommuriaten)- kp, tere encylapeda = 9 Further reading = 10 External links = 10.1 White papers and other technical information Overview LTE stands for Long Term Evolution!7! and is a registered trademark owned by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) for the wireless data communications technology and a development of the GSM/UMTS standards. However other nations and companies do play an active role in the LTE project. The goal of LTE was to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks using new DSP (digital signal processing) techniques and modulations that were developed around the tum of the millennium, A further goal was the redesign and tion of the network architecture to an IP-based system intly reduced transfer latency compared to the 3G interface is incompatible with 2G. st be operated on a separate radio and 3G networks, so that it mi spectrum, LTE was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan in 2004, and studies on the new standard officially commenced in 2005.!8! In May 2007, the LTE/SAE Trial Initiative (LSTI) alliance was founded as a global collaboration between vendors and operators with the goal of verifying and promoting the new standard in order to ensure the global introduction of the technology as quickly as possible. !9Il1°l The LTE standard was finalized in December 2008, and the first publicly available LTE service was launched by TeliaSonera in Oslo and Stockholm on December 14, 2009 as a data connection with a USB modem. The LTE services were launched by major North American carriers as well, with the Samsung SCH-r900 being the world’s first LTE Mobile phone starting on September 21, 2010!!J[!2] and Samsung Galaxy Indulge being the world’s first LTE smartphone starting on February 10, 201 1!']l!4] both offered by MetroPCS and HTC ThunderBolt offered by Verizon starting on March 17 being the second LTE smartphone to be sold commercially {!5Il'9) In Canada, Rogers Wireless was the first to launch LTE network on July 7, 2011 offering the Sierra Wireless AirCard® 313U USB mobile broadband modem, known as the "LTE Rocket™ stick" then followed closely by mobile devices from both HTC and Samsung.!"71 fitially, CDMA operators planned to upgrade to rival standards called UMB and WiMAX, but all the major CDMA operators (such as Verizon, Sprint and MetroPCS in the United States, Bell and Telus in Canada, au by KDDI in Japan, SK Telecom in South Korea and China Telecom/China Unicom in China) have announced that they intend to migrate to LTE after all. The Telia-branded Samsung LTE modem evolution of LTE is LTE Advanced, which was standardized in March 2011.81 Services are expected to commence in 2013.!19) Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 anesvzavzos LTE (tlecommuriaton) - Wkipdta, the ee encyeepeda The LTE specification provides downlink peak rates of 300 Mbit/s, uplink peak rates of 75 Mbit/s and QoS provisions permitting a transfer latency of less than 5 ms in the radio access network. 1 has the ability to manage fast-moving mobiles and supports multi- cast and broadcast streams, LTE supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz and supports both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time-division duplexing (TDD). The IP-based network architecture, called the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and designed to replace the GPRS Core Network, supports seamless handovers for both voice and data to cell towers with older network technology such as GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000.2"] The simpler architecture results in lower operating costs (for example, each E-UTRA cell will support up to four times the data and voice capacity supported by HSPAP!1). Below is a list of countries by 4G LTE penetration as measured by Juniper Networks in 2013 and published by Bloomberg. 7123) HTC ThunderBolt, the second ‘commercially available LTE. Rank | Country/Territory | Penetration smartphone 1 te: South Korea 62.0% 2 | @ Japan 21.3% 3 | idl Australia 21.1% 4 | BS United States 19.0% 5 | BM Sweden 14.0% 6 | Bel Canada 8.1% 7 | 58 United Kingdom 5.0% 8 | Germany 3.0% 9 | um Russia 2.0% 10 | 2a Philippines 1.0% Features ‘Much of the LTE standard addresses the upgrading of 3G UMTS to what will eventually be 4G mobile communications technology. A large amount of the work is aimed at simplifying the architecture of the system, as it transits from the existing UMTS circuit + packet switching combined network, to an all-IP flat architecture system, E-UTRA is the air interface of LTE, Its main features are = Peak download rates up to 299.6 Mbit/s and upload rates up to 75.4 Mbit/s depending on the user equipment category (with 4x4 antennas using 20 MHz of spectrum), Five different terminal classes have been defined from a voice centric class up to a high end terminal that supports the peak data rates. All terminals will be able to process 20 MHz bandwidth. = Low data transfer latencies (sub-S ms latency for small IP packets in optimal conditions), lower Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 aneaa8a015 LTE (elecammurieaton - Wikipeda, ere enycepesa latencies for handover and connection setup time than with previous radio access technologies = Improved support for mobility, exemplified by support for terminals moving at up to 350 km/h (220 mph) or 500 km/h (310 mph) depending on the frequency band,(241 = OFDMA for the downlink, SC-FDMA for the uplink to conserve power = Support for both FD and TDD communication systems as well as half-duplex FDD with the same radio access technology. = Support for all frequency bands currently used by IMT systems by ITU-R. = Increased spectrum flexibility: 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz wide cells. are standardized. (W-CDMA has no option for other than 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems rolling-out in countries whe! 5 MHz is a commonly allocated width of spectrum so would frequently already be in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) = Support for cell sizes from tens of metres radius (femto and picocells) up to 100 km (62 miles) radius macrocells, In the lower frequeney bands to be used in rural areas, 5 km (3.1 miles) is the optimal cell size, 30 km (19 miles) having reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance. In ci y and urban areas, higher frequency bands (such as 2.6 GHz. in EU) are used to support high speed mobile broadband, In this se, cell sizes may be 1 km (0.62 miles even less, = Supports at least 200 active data clients in every 5 MHz cell, 251 = Simplified architecture: The network side of E-UTRAN is composed only of eNode Bs. = Support for inter-operation and co-existence with legacy standards (e.g., GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000). Users can start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS or even 3GPP2 networks such as edmaOne or CDMA2000. = Packet switched radio interface. = Support for MBSFN (Multicast-Broadcast Single Frequency Network). This feature can deliver services such as Mobile TV using the LTE infrastructure, and is a competitor for DVB-H-based TV broadcast. Voice calls ‘The LTE standard supports only packet switching with its all-IP network. Voice calls in GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 are circuit switched, so with the adoption of LTE, carriers will have to re-engineer their voice call network.?51 Three different approaches sprang up Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Circuit-switched fallback (CSFB) In this approach, LTTE just provides data services, and when a voice call is to be initiated or received, Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 anesvzavzos LTE (elecammurieaton - Wikipeda, ere enycepesa it will fall back to the circuit-switched domain, When using this solution, operators just need to upgrade the MSC instead of deploying the IMS, and therefore, can provide services quickly. However, the disadvantage is longer call setup delay Simultaneous voice and LTE (SVLTE) In this approach, the handset works simultaneously in the LTE and circuit switched modes, with the LTE mode providing data services and the circuit switched mode providing the voice service. This is a solution solely based on the handset, ‘ceran * scsN which does not have A i . special requirements a on the network and ue a ure me t sc does not require the Nu deployment of IMS en Tome YY either. The disadvantage of this cs domLTE CSFB to GSM/UMTS network interconnects solution is that the phone can become expensive with high power consumption One additional approach which is not initiated by operators is the usage of over-the-top content (OTT) services, using applications like Skype and Google Talk to provide LTE voice service. 7! Most major backers of L'TE preferred and promoted VoL'TE from the beginning. ‘The lack of software support in initial LTE devices as well as core network devices however led to a number of carriers promoting VoLGA (Voice over LTE Generic Access) as an interim solution.!28! The idea was to use the same principles as GAN (Generic Access Network, also known as UMA or Unlicensed Mobile Access), which defines the protocols through which a mobile handset can perform voice calls over a customer's private Internet connection, usually over wireless LAN. VoLGA however never gained much support, because VoLTE (IMS) promises much more flexible services, albeit at the cost of having to upgrade the entire voice call infrastructure. VoLTE will also require Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) in order to be able to smoothly perform a handover to a 3G network in case of poor LTE signal quality.2°1 ‘While the industry has seemingly standardized on VoLTE for the future, the demand for voice calls today has led LTE carriers to introduce CSFB as a stopgap measure. When placing or receiving a voice call, LTE handsets will fall back to old 2G or 3G networks for the duration of the call To ensure compatibility, 3GPP demands at least AMR-NB codec (narrow band), but the recommended speech codec for VoLTE is Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband, also known as HD Voice. This codec is mandated in 3GPP networks that support 16 kHz sampling," Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 siesvzavzos LTE (tlecommuriaton) - Wkipdta, the ee encyeepeda Fraunhofer IIS has proposed and demonstrated "Full-HD Voice", an implementation of the AAC-ELD (Advanced Audio Coding — Enhanced Low Delay) codec for LTE handsets.!3!! Where previous cell phone voice codecs only supported frequencies up to 3.5 kHz and upcoming wideband audio services branded as HD Voice up to 7 kHz, Full-HD Voice supports the entire bandwidth range from 20 Hz.to 20 kHz, For end- to-end Full-HD Voice calls to succeed however, both the caller and recipient's handsets as well as networks have to support the feature,!°21 Frequency bands The LTE standard covers a range of many different bands, cach of which is designated by both a frequeney and a band number. In North America, 700, 750, 800, 850, 1900, 1700/2100 (AWS), 2500 and 2600 MHz (Rogers Communications, Bell Canada) are used (bands 2, 4, 7, 12, 13, 17, 25, 26, 41); 2500 MHz in South America; 700, 800, 900, 1800, 2600 MHz in Europe (bands 3, 7, 20);13Il41 1800 and 2600 MHz in Asia (bands 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 40);5] and 1800 MHz and 2300 MHz in Australial34II37I and New Zealand (bands 3, 40).8) As a result, phones from one country may not work in other countries. Users will need a multi-band capable phone for roaming internationally, Patents According to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute's (ETSI) intellectual property rights (IPR) database, about 50 companies have declared, as of March 2012, holding essential patents covering the LTE standard./3%! The ETSI has made no investigation on the correctness of the declarations however, 9! so. that "any analysis of essential LTE patents should take into account more than ETSI declarations."!4° Devices Brand Name Note iPhone 5 (41) iPhone SC [42] iPhone SS. (43) iPhone 6 (44) [45] iPhone 6 Plus (46) [45] iPad (3rd generation) 47 Apple iPad (4th generation) (48) iPad Air 49] iPad Air 2 [50] iPad Mini (1st gener: (si iPad Mini 2 (52) iPad Mini 3 (53) Inipulen wikipedia orgviki.TE_9.2telecommuricaon%:23 anesee2015 Lenovo LTE (telecommurication) Lenovo A6000, (s4] - Wikipedia the re encyclopedia Fujitsu Arrows NX HTC HIC Desire Eye HTC One (2013) HTC One (M8) (55) HTC One Mini (56) HTC One Mini 2 (57) Huawei Ascend D2 LTE Ascend P7 LG GFlex GPro G2 G3 Isai VL. Nexus 5, LG Gx Optimus LTE 2 Optimus LTE III Optimus Vu 2 Vu3 Motorola Droid Turbo: Moto G Nexus 6 (58) Nokia Lumia 830 OnePlus One Pantech Vega Iron Vega N°6 Vega R3 Vega Secret Note Galaxy AS Galaxy Avant Galaxy Golden Galaxy Grand Galaxy Light Galaxy Note IT LTE Inipulen wikipedia orgviki.TE_9.2telecommuricaon%:23 macwzazos LTE (elecammurieaton - Wikipeda, ere enycepesa Galaxy Note 3 Galaxy Note 10.1 LTE Galaxy Note Edge Galaxy Note 4 Galaxy Pop Samsung Galaxy Round Galaxy $ II LTE®! Samsung Galaxy Core LTE {1 Galaxy S4 Galaxy S4 Active Galaxy $4 mini LTE Galaxy $4 Zoom Galaxy $5 Galaxy $6 Galaxy 86 Fdge Galaxy $5 Active Galaxy Win Aquos Pad Sharp Aquos Zeta Disney Mobile on docomo Xperia SP M3St Xperia ZL C6506 Xperia Z1 Xperia Z2 Xperia Z2 Tablet Xperia Z3 Xperia Z3 Compact Xperia Z4 Tablet LTE (61) Sony See also Comparison of wireless data standards eMBMS - Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Services (MBMS) enhanced for LTE E-UTRA ~ the radio access network used in LTE Flat IP — flat IP architectures in mobile networks LTE Advanced ~ the successor to LTE Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23svzavzos LTE (elecammurieaton - Wikipeda, ere enycepesa = LTE in unlicensed spectrum = System architecture evolution — the re-architecturing of core networks in LTE = TD-LTE (LTE TDD) ~an alternative LTE standard developed by China = UMB ~a proposed competitor to LITE, never commercialized = WiMAX ~a competitor to LTE = HSPA+—an enhancement of the 3GPP HSPA standard = Zadoff-Chu sequence = Next-generation network = 4G-LTE filter = QoS Class Identifier (QCI) - the mechanism used in LTE networks to allocate proper Quality of Service to bearer traffic References 1. "An Introduction to LTE" (http://sites. google.com/site/Iteencyclopediahhome). 3GPP LTE Encyclopedia Retrieved December 3, 2010. "Long Term Evolution (LTE): A Technical Overview" (http://www. motorolasolutions.com/webyBusiness/Solutions/Industry’%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/W ireles 8%200perators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New pdf}. Motorola, Retrieved July 3, 2010, Rel 3. "Newsroom + Pr 2012-10-28. 4, “ITU-R Confers IMT-Advanced (4G) Status to 3GPP LTE" (http://www 3gpp.org/ITU-R-Confers-IMT- Advanced-4G) (Press release). 3GPP. 20 October 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2012. 5. pressinfo (2009-10-21). "Press Release: IMT-Advanced (4G) Mobile wireless broadband on the anvil” (http://www. itu intnewsroom/press_releases/2009/48. html). Itu int. Retrieved 2012-10-28. 6. "Newsroom + Press Release" (http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2012/02.aspx). Itu.int. Retrieved 2012-10-28. 7. ETSI Long Term Evolution (http:/www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/mobile/long-term-evolution) page "Work Plan 3GPP (Release 8)" (http://www. 3gpp.org/fip/Information/WORK_PLAN/Description_Releases/Rel- 08_description_20120124.zip). 16 January 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012 9. "LSTI job complete" (http://www. 3gpp.org/That-s-a-Wrap-LSTI-job-complete). Retrieved 1 March 2012. 10. "LTE/SAE Trial Initiative (LSTI) Delivers Initial Results” (http://www-cellular-news.com/story/27220.php). 7 November 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2012. 11, Temple, Stephen. "Vintage Mobiles: Samsung SCH-r900 — The world’s first LTE Mobile (2010)" (http://www. gsmhistory. com/vintage-mobiles/#samsung_r900_2010). History of GMS: Birth of the mobile "(http://www itu int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2010/48.aspx). Itu.int. Retrieved revolution, 12. "Samsung Craft, the world’s first 4G LTE phone, now available at MetroPCS" (hitp:/éwvw. unwiredview. com/2010/09/21/samsung-craft-the-worlds-first-4g-Ite-phone-now:-available-at- Inpilen wikipedia orgviki.TE_%28telecommuricalon23 oesee2015 LTE (tlecommuricaon)- Wikipeia the ree encyclopedia mewopesi), Unwired view, September 21, ZIV, 13. "MetroPCS debuts first 4G LTE Android phone, Samsung Galaxy Indulge" (http://androidandme,com/201 1/02/earriersimetropes-debuts-first-4g-I Android and Me, 2011-02-09, Retrieved 2012-03-15. 14, "MetroPCS snags first LITE Android phone" (http://www networkworld com/news/201 1/02091 I-metropes-Ite- android-phone.html), Networkworld.com, Retrieved 2012-03-15. android-phone-samsung-galaxy-indulge/) 15, ‘erizon launches its first LTE handset” (http://www. telegeography. com/products/commsupdate/articles/2011/03/16/verizon-launches-its-first-Ite- handsel/). Telegeography.com, 2011-03-16. Retrieved 2012-03-15. 16. "HTC ThunderBolt is officially Verizon's first LTE handset, come March 17th" (http://www phonearena.com/news/HTC-ThunderBolt-is-officially-Verizons-first-LTE-handset-come-March- 17th_id17455). Phonearena.com. Retrieved 2012-03-15. 17. "Rogers lights up Canada's first LTE network today” (http://www. newswire. ca/en/story/7366077irogers-lights-up- canada-s-first-Ite-network-today). CNW Group Ltd. 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2012-10-28, 18. LTE —An End-to-End Description of Network Architecture and Elements (htip://sites. google, com/site/lteencyclopedia/lte-network-infrastructure-and-elements), 3GPP LTE Eneyelopedia 2009, 19, "AT&T commits to LTE-Advanced deployment in 2013, Hesse and Mead unfazed" (htip://swvew. engadget. com/201 1/1 1/08/atandt-commits-to-Ite-advanced-deployment Engadget. 2011-11-08, Retrieved 2012-03-15 20. LTE —an introduction (hitpiliiwww-eriesson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/Ite_overview. pd), Eriesson. 2009. 21 201 3-hesse-and-mead/) “Long Term Evolution (LTE)" (https ://www motorola.com/web/Business/Solutions/Industry%20S olutions/Service%20Providers/W ireless’%200 perators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6833_MotDoc_New pdf). Motorola. Retrieved April 11, 2011 22._hitp:/iwww-bloomberg.com/slideshow/2013-09-19/countries-with-the-most-4g-mobile-users. html#stidel 23._http://gigaom.com/2013/09/20/mapping- out-the-worlds-Ite-coverage-its-in-fewer-places-than-yourthink/ 24. Sesia, Toutik, Baker: LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution; From Theory to Practice, page 11. Wiley, 2009. 25. "Evolution of LTE" (http://teworld.org/blog/Ite-advanced-evolution-Ite). LTE World. Retrieved October 24, 2011 26. "Voice and SMS in LTE Technology White Paper, Rohde & Schwarz, 2011" (http://www.rohde- schwarz.com/appnote/IMA 197 pdf) 27. [1] (http://www huawei, com/en/static/hw-094 164 pdf) Huawei Communicate Magazine, Issue 61, September 2011 28. VoLGA whitepaper (http://www. em-networks.de/volga-2-whitepaper. pdf) 29. Qualcomm Chipset Powers First Successful VoIP-Over-LTE Call With Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (http://www. prewswite, com/news-releases/qualcomm-chipset-powers-first-successful-voip-over-Ite-call-with- single-radio-voice-call-continuity- 138556144. html) 30. Erriesson - LTE delive superior voiee, too (http://www. eriesson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/eriesson_review/2010/ 31, Fraunhofer IIS Demos Full-HD Voice Over LTE On Android Handsets (http://hothardware, com/News/Fraunhofer-IIS-Demos-FullHD-Voice-Over-LTE-On-Android-Handsets/) 32. "Firm Set to Demo HD Voice over LTE” (hitp://mobilenow. yankeegroup.com/articles/103805/firm-set-to-demo- Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 sasee2015 LTE (telecommuricaton)- Wikipedia the ree encyclopedia hd-voice-over=lte/) 33. "EC makes official recommendation for 790-862 MHz release" (http://tech.ebu.ch/news/ec-makes-official- recommendation-for-790-290c109), 29 October 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2012 34, "Europe plans to reserve 800MHz frequeney band for LITE and WiMAX’ (http://www. cellular news.com/story/43196.php). 16 May 2010, Retrieved 11 March 2012. 35. CSL begins dual-band 1800/2600 LYTE rollout (https://gsmaintelligence.com/analysis/2010/10/hong-kong-and- singapore-lead-Ite-charge-in-asia-pacific/228/) 36. Telstra switches on first LTE network on 1800MHz in Australia (http://www. ericsson. com/news/110530_telstra_switches_on_first_Ite_network_244188810_c) 37. Optus still evaluating LTE (http://m.2dnet.com.awoptus-stll-evaluating-Ite-339313233.htm) "New Zealand 4G LTE launch" (http://tvnz.co.nz/business-news/vodafone-s-4g-launch-may-spark-speed-war- 5356098). 28 February 2013. 39. "Who Owns LTE Patents?" (http://www.ipeg. ew?p=3529). ipeg. March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. 40. Elizabeth Woyke (2011-09-21). "Identifying The Tech Leaders In LTE Wireless Patents" (http://www. forbes.com/sites/elizabethwoyke/20 1 1/09/2 I/identifying-the-tech-leaders-in-Ite-wireless-patents/) Forbes. Retrieved March 10, 2012, Second comment by the author: “Thus, any analysis of essential LTE patents should take into account more than ETSI declarations." 41. businesstoday.intoday. in/story/apple-iphone-S-and-Ite-what-it-means-for-you/1/188194, html 42. https://www apple com/iphone-Se/specs! 43. http://www apple.com/iphone-Ss/specs! 44, https://www-apple.com/iphone-6/spees! 48. Greg Kumparak (9 September 2014). "Apple Announces ‘Two New iPhones: iPhone 6 And iPhone 6 Plus" (http: //techerunch. com/2014/09/09/apple-announces-two-new-iphones-iphone-6-and-iphone-6-plus/). TechCrunch Retrieved 14 September 2014 46. https://www.apple.com/iphone-6/specs! 47. http://support. apple.com/kb/SP647 48. http://support. apple.com/kb/SP662 49._ https://wwrw.apple.com/ipad-air/specs! 50._ https://www.apple.com/ipad-air-2/specs! 51._https://www.apple.com/ipad-mini/specs/ 52._https://www.apple.com/ipad-mini-2/specs! 53._https://www.apple.com/ipad-mini-3/specs/ 54. http://shopap. lenovo. com/in/en/smartphones/a-series/a6000/ 55. http://www hte.com/us/smartphonesy/fite-one-m8/ 56. http://www hte.com/us/smartphones/hte-one-mini/ 57._http:/www hte.com/uk/smartphones/hte-one-mini-2/ 58._ http://www motorola.com/us/eonsumers/nexus-6-header/Nexus-6/nexus-6-motorolaeus, html 59._ http://www. gsmarena.com/samsung_i9300_galaxy_s_ii-4238. php 60. http://www. gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_core_Ite_g386w-6846.php 61._ http://www. gsmarena.com/sony_xperia_z4_tablet_Ite-7069.php Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 1see2015 LTE (telecommuricaton)- Wikipedia the ree encyclopedia Further reading = Gautam Siwach, Dr. Amir Esmailpour "LTE Security Potential Vulnerability and Algorithm Enhancements", IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering," /E/ ECE, Toronto, Canada, May 2014 = Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall. Johan Skéld "4G — LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband", Academic Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-12-385489-6 = Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, "LTE — The UMTS Long Term Evolution - From Theory to Practice", Second Edition including Release 10 for LTE-Advanced, John Wiley & Sons, 2011, ISBN 978-0-470-66025-6 = Chris Johnson, "LTE in BULLETS (http://www. lte-bullets.com)", CreateSpace, 2010, ISBN 978-1- 4528-3464-1 = Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold, Per Beming, "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-12-374538-5 = Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, "Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio And Cellular Technology", Cre Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-7210-5 = F, Khan, "LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband — Air Interface Technologies and Performance", Cambridge University Press, 2009 = Mustafa Ergen, "Mobile Broadband — Including WiMAX and LTTE", Springer, NY, 2009 =H. Ekstrom, A. Furuskar, J. Karlsson, M, Meyer, S. Parkvall, J. Torsner, and M, Wahlqvist, -chnical Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution," // 2006, pp. 38-45 = E. Dahlman, H. Ekstrém, A. Furuskar, Y. Jading, J. Karlsson, M. Lundevall, and S. Parkvall, "The Vehicular Commun, Mag., vol. 44, no. 3, March 3G Long-Term Evolution — Radio Interface Concepts and Performance Evaluation,” 1 Technology Conference (VTC) 2006 Spring, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006 = K. Fazel and 8. Kaiser, Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC-CDMA to LTE and WiMAX, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-99821-2 = Agilent Technologies, "LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and Measurement Challenges (http://www agilent.com/find/ltebook)", John Wiley & Sons, 2009 ISBN 978-0-470-68261-6 = Sajal K. Das, John Wiley & Sons (April 2010): "Mobile Handset Design’, ISBN 978-0-470-82467-2 = Beaver, Paul, "What is TD-LTE? (http://www. eetimes.com/design/microwave-rl- design/4228238/What-is-TD-LTE-?Ecosyst September 2011 = Dan Forsberg, Gunther Hom, Wolf-Dietrich Moeller, Valtteri Niemi, "LTE Security", Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester 2013, ISBN 978-1-118-35558-9 m=microwave-rf-design)", RF&Microwave Designline, Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 wanesee2015 LTE (telecommuricaton)- Wikipedia the ree encyclopedia External links LTE homepage (http:/www. 3gpp.org/article/Ite) from the 3GPP website LTTE A-Z Description (http://sites, google.com/site/Iteencyclopedia/home) 3GPP LTE Encyclopedia 4G/LTE community website (hitp://www.4g360.com) LTE Frequently Asked Questions (http://Iteworld.org/faq) LTE Deployment Map (http://Itemaps.org/) White papers and other technical information = LTE Technology Overview and Tutorial Series including Webinars and Video presentations (http:/testrf.com/tag/lte-tutorial/) = "The Long Term Evolution of 3G" on Ericsson Review, no. 2, 2005 (http://www .ericsson,com/eriesson/corpinfo/publications/review/2005_02/07.shtml) = LTE technology introduction (http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/IMA 11 pdf) = "3G Long-Term Evolution" by Dr. Erik Dahlman at Ei (http://www-signal.uu.se/Research/PCCWIP/Tunisia/WIPOS_EAB. pdf) = "Long-Term 3G Evolution — Radio Access" by Dr. Stefan Parkvall at Ericsson Research (http://www. calit2.net/events/pdfs/$3G_Stefan_Parkvall.pdf) = "3GPP Long-Term Evolution / System Architecture Evolution: Overview" by Ulrich Barth at Alcatel (http://www ikr.uni-stuttgart. de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2006-09-29-Ulm/01-3GPP_LTE- SAE_Overview_Sep06.pdf) = The 3G Long-Term Evolution — Radio Interface Concepts and Performance Evaluation n Research (http://www eriesson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/atsp/the_3g_long- term_evolution_radi_interface.pdf) = LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless Design and Measurement Challenges ~ "LTE Security" (http://www.3g4g.c0.uk/Lte/LTE_Security WP_0907_Agilent.pdf) = Role of Crypto in Mobile Communications "LTE Security" (https://www. cosic.esat.kuleuven. be/ecryptU/courses/end/slides-28/9-niemi.pdf) = Dr. Maode Ma "Security Investigation in 4G LTE Wireless Networks (http://www ieee- globecom.org/2012/private/T10F pdf)", 2012 = LTE Uplink Interference Modeling (http://asp.curasipjournals.com/content/pd{!1687-6180-201 |- 61 pdt) Retrieved from "http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index, php?title=LTE_(telecommunication)&oldid=653573118" Categories: 3GPP standards | Internet Protocol | LTE (telecommunication) | Mobile technology Inipilen wikipedia orgki.TE_%28telecommuricaon23 rasee2015 LTE (telecommuricaton)- Wikipedia the ree encyclopedia Mobile telecommunications = This page was last modified on 26 March 2015, at 07:05 = Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareA like License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Inpulen wikipedia orgiki.TE_%.28telecommuricaon23 nan