Thermo Electricity

Introduction

1
LAW

Joule's Law

JOULE'S LAW : When a constant e.m.f is applied to a conductor,

the heat produced in Q.
1) Qi2, the square of the current passing through it.
2) QR, the resistance of conductor
3) Qt, the time of flow of current Q=i2RtJ calories.
2
DEFINITION

Seebeck Effect

An EMF is generated in a circuit containing two dissimilar metals

when the two junctions are maintained at different temperatures.
3
DIAGRAM

Variation of Thermo EMF with T

Graph drawn between thermo e.m.f (e) and temperature of hot

junctions is a parabola.
Thermo electric power or Seebeck coefficient is zero at neutral
temperature and is maximum at inversion temperature.

4
DEFINITION

Peltier Effect

When current flows through the junction of two dissimilar metals,

heat is absorbed at one junction and heat is evolved at the other
junction. This is called Peltier effect.
Peltier effect is reversible.
It is inverse of Seebeck effect.
PELTIER COEFFICIENT () : The amount of heat absorbed or
evolved at a junction of two different metals due to flow of 1
coulomb of charge is called Peltier coefficient.

=HQ
5
DEFINITION

Thomson Effect

The absorption or evolution of heat when current flows in an

unequally heated conductor is called Thomson effect.
6
DEFINITION

Thomson Coefficient ()

It is the heat energy absorbed or evolved when Unit current flows

for one second between two points of a conductor which differ in
temperature by 1K
Its unit is V/K
H= it dT
=dVdT;dV is the potential different between two points of the
conductor with a temperature difference dT.
7
LAW

Law of Intermediate Temperature

For the given thermo couple if e12,e23,e13 are the thermo e.m.fs
when the junctions are at temperatures (T1,T2),
(T2,T3) and (T1,T3) then e13=e12+e23
Eg : e0100=e040+4e40100