Creating Oracle 11g Database manually in 11 steps in Unix-based Operating system

Step 1:Create Directory structure with Oracle ownership and permission as below:
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u03
[oracle@localhost u03]$ mkdir testdb
[oracle@localhost u03]$ chmod -R 777 /u03/testdb/*
[oracle@localhost u03]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03/testdb/*
[oracle@localhost testdb]$ mkdir adump diag flash_recovery_area
[oracle@localhost u03]$ chmod -R 777 /u03/testdb/*
[oracle@localhost u03]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03/testdb/*

Step 2:Create Parameter file in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs location:

[oracle@localhost testdb]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ vi init_testdb.ora
db_name='testdb'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u03/testdb/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u03/testdb/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u03/testdb/diag'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=testdb)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = (/u03/testdb/ora_control1.ctl,/u03/testdb/ora_control2.ctl)
compatible ='11.2.0'

Step 3:Prepare Create Database script :

[oracle@localhost u03]$ cd /u03/testdb/
[oracle@localhost testdb]$ vi createdb_shaik.sql
CREATE DATABASE testdb
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u03/testdb/redo1.log' SIZE 10M,
GROUP 2 '/u03/testdb/redo2.log' SIZE 10M,
GROUP 3 '/u03/testdb/redo3.log' SIZE 10M
DATAFILE
'/u03/testdb/system.dbf' size 200M REUSE

sysaux datafile '/u03/testdb/sysaux.dbf' size 100m

undo tablespace UNDOTBS1
datafile '/u03/testdb/undo1.dbf' size 100m
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp1
TEMPFILE '/u03/testdb/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 100M REUSE
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
:wq
Step 4:Set the Oracle ENVIRONMENT and SID of Database in the Operating System:
[root@localhost testdb]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export TNS_ADMIN=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
:wq
[oracle@localhost ~]$ . .bash_profile
This will set the Oracle Environment variables in Unix-based operating system.
[oracle@localhost ~]$export ORACLE_SID=testdb
This will set the SID of the current Database in Unix-based operating system.

Step 5:Create the Password file.

[oracle@localhost ~]$orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwtestdb password=Oracle entries=10

Step 6:Create server parameter file.

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Mar 28 14:08:02 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init_testdb.ora';

step 7:Start the Database in nomount State.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1071333376 bytes
Fixed Size
1341312 bytes
Variable Size
620759168 bytes
Database Buffers
444596224 bytes
Redo Buffers
4636672 bytes
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
-----------STARTED

Step 8:Execute Create Database script created in Step 3

SQL> @/u03/testdb/createdb_shaik.sql
Database created
Step 9:Execute the catalog.sql,catproc.sql and pupbld.sql scripts:
a)catalog.sql =>Creates dictionary tables and views
b)catproc.sql =>Creates PL/SQL procedures,functions and packages necessary.
c)pupbld.sql =>Creates user profiles.

So our database is created. Now just run the catalog.sql,catproc.sql and pupbld.sql scripts.
WE will find catalog.sql and catproc.sql in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin path and pupbld.sql in
$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin path.
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
conn system/manager
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
SQL> alter user system identified by manager;
User altered.
SQL> conn system
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
Step 10:Verify the Dictionary views created.

SQL> select name from v$database;

Step 11:Change the Database mode from noarchive log to archive log mode
Changing to archive log mode:
-------------------------------SQL> archive log list
Database log mode
No Archive Mode
Automatic archival
Disabled
Archive destination
USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 1
Current log sequence
3
SQL> shut immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1071333376 bytes
Fixed Size
1341312 bytes
Variable Size
620759168 bytes
Database Buffers
444596224 bytes
Redo Buffers
4636672 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
-----------MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
-----------OPEN
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode
Archive Mode
Automatic archival
Enabled
Archive destination
USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 3
Current log sequence
3