PERVASIVE

COMPUTING

Out Line

What is Pervasive Computing?

Why Pervasive Computing?
Examples
Founder of Pervasive Computing
History
Goal
How? (Pervasive Computing Technologies)
MIT- OXYGEN PROJECT
Issues

What is PERVASIVE COMPUTING?

Computing

Everywhere

Anytime

PERVASIVE COMPUTING

Technology View

Computers everywhere embedded into

fridges, washing machines, door locks, cars,
furniture, people etc.
intelligent environment

User View
Invisible: implicit interaction with the environment

Pervasive = mobile computing + intelligent

environment

Pervasive (Ubiquitous, Omnipresent)

Computing integrates computation into the
environment, rather than having computers
which are distinct objects.

It enables people to interact with

information-processing devices more
naturally and casually, in whatever location
or context they are.

Why Pervasive Computing?

Around

Eight billion embedded

microprocessors are produced each year.
This number is expected to rise dramatically
over the next decade, making electronic
devices ever more pervasive.
They may be interconnected via wired and
wireless technologies into broader, more
capable, networks.

Pervasive Computing Example

For instance, your washing machine or TV

could detect its own failure and notify its
maintenance company to arrange for a
repair.

Mark Weisers (founder) VISION

In the 21st century the technology
revolution will move into the
everyday, the small and the
invisible
The most profound technologies are those that
disappears. They weave themselves into the fabrics of
everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.
Mark Weiser (1952 1999), XEROX PARC

History

Pervasive computing is the third wave of computing

technologies to emerge since computers first appeared:
First

Wave - Mainframe computing era: one computer

shared by many people, via workstations.

Second

Wave - Personal computing era: one computer

used by one person, requiring a conscious interaction.
Users largely bound to desktop.

Third

Wave Pervasive computing era: one person,

many computers. Millions of computers embedded in the
environment, allowing technology to recede into the
background.

Goals of Pervasive Computing

Invisible

technology

Integration

of virtual and physical worlds

(virtual reality)

Throughout

and life

desks, rooms, buildings,

Pervasive Applications
A magic mirror that shows
Magic Mirror

personal data and actions of those

users who face it in a meeting.

Physical integration: the mirror can sense the

presence of users in a meeting and can
record their actions, in addition to its normal
physical function
Instantaneous interoperation: the mirror
would interact with the rooms other
components the moment you switch it on
and would make spontaneous association
with all relevant local sources of information
about users.

Smart Clothing

Conductive textiles and inks

print electrically active patterns
directly onto fabrics
Sensors based on fabric
e.g., monitor pulse, blood
pressure, body temperature
Invisible collar microphones
Kidswear
integrated

GPS-driven locators
integrated small cameras (to
keep the parents calm)?

Interactive Map

Foldable
You are here!

A visitor brings his/her laptop into a

meeting room and without manually
configuring it in any way uses it to
send his presentation to the rooms
projector

Physical integration: the projector can be

activated from any laptop in the room
Instantaneous interoperation: A laptop
can spontaneously interact with the
projector and control the presentation
Can be made context-sensitive, e.g.,
allowing only a particular visitor to do so

Pervasive Computing Technologies

Pervasive computing involves three converging

areas of Information and Communications
Technology:

Computing

(smart devices),
Communications (connectivity)
User interfaces

Smart Devices can communicate

with each other and act intelligently

sensors: input devices that detect

environmental changes, user
behaviors, human commands etc;
processors: electronic systems
that interpret and analyze inputdata;
actuators: output devices that
respond to processed information
by altering the environment via
electronic or mechanical means.
For example, air temperature
control is often done with actuators.
However the term can also refer to
devices which deliver information
rather than altering the environment
physically.

Smart Devices (cont.)

Can remember important events

They

have a memory

Show context-sensitive behavior

They

may have sensors

Location/situation/context
awareness

Are responsive/proactive
Communicate

with environment
Networked with other smart objects

Connectivity (network)

Pervasive computing systems rely on the

interlinking of independent electronic devices
into broader networks.
This can be achieved via both wired and
wireless networking technologies (such as WiFi
or Bluetooth), with the devices themselves being
capable of assessing the most effective form of
connectivity in any given scenario.
The effective development of pervasive
computing systems depends on their degree of
interoperability, as well as on the convergence of
standards for wired and wireless technologies.

User Interfaces

New user interfaces are developed that is capable

of sensing and supplying more information about
users, and the broader environment, to the
computer for processing.
For example recognizing a persons face, or
responding to gestures. It might also be based on
sound, scent or touch recognition, or other
sensory information like temperature.
The output might also be in any of these formats.

Applications for Pervasive Computing

Healthcare
Intelligent

bandages that can tell how the

injury is doing or video consultations with
doctors, that can treat patients at home.

Home care
Transport
Environmental Monitoring
Industry & Academia

MIT- OXYGEN PROJECT

For over forty years, computation has centered

about machines, not people. We were/are
pampering them in air-conditioned rooms or
carrying them around with us.
But in the near future computation will be
human-centered. It will be freely available
everywhere, like oxygen in the air we breathe. It
will enter the human world, handling our goals
and needs and helping us to do more while
doing less.

Issues

Engineering Issues
Current

lack of low cost technology to locate

devices and the lack of suitable power
sources.
Communications, software and hardware
are likely to suffer from faults.
Also faulty systems may be harder to repair
because of the degree of interconnection.

Issues

Privacy, security and safety

Gathers

sensitive data, for example on users

everyday interactions, movements,
preferences and attitudes, without user
intervention or consent;
Retrieves and use information from large
databases/archives of stored data;
Alters the environment via actuating devices.

Journal
Pervasive Computing (IEEE)
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing (Springer)
Pervasive and Mobile Computing journal, PMC (Elsevier)
Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal
UbiCC Journal

THANK YOU